List of Tables
Table 1. Global Menstrual Cups Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Table 2. Major Manufacturers of Silicon
Table 3. Major Manufacturers of Natural Gum Rubber (Latex)
Table 4. Major Manufacturers of Thermoplastic Elastomer (TPE)
Table 5. Global Menstrual Cups Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Table 6. Global Menstrual Cups Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Table 7. Global Menstrual Cups Revenue by Region (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 8. Global Menstrual Cups Revenue by Region (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 9. Global Menstrual Cups Revenue Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table 10. Global Menstrual Cups Revenue Market Share by Region (2025-2030)
Table 11. Global Menstrual Cups Sales Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Table 12. Global Menstrual Cups Sales by Region (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 13. Global Menstrual Cups Sales by Region (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 14. Global Menstrual Cups Sales Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table 15. Global Menstrual Cups Sales Market Share by Region (2025-2030)
Table 16. Global Menstrual Cups Sales by Manufacturers (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 17. Global Menstrual Cups Sales Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
Table 18. Global Menstrual Cups Revenue by Manufacturers (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 19. Global Menstrual Cups Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
Table 20. Global Key Players of Menstrual Cups, Industry Ranking, 2022 VS 2023 VS 2024
Table 21. Menstrual Cups Price by Manufacturers 2019-2024 (USD/Unit)
Table 22. Global Menstrual Cups Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 23. Global Menstrual Cups by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Menstrual Cups as of 2023)
Table 24. Global Key Manufacturers of Menstrual Cups, Manufacturing Base Distribution and Headquarters
Table 25. Global Key Manufacturers of Menstrual Cups, Product Offered and Application
Table 26. Global Key Manufacturers of Menstrual Cups, Date of Enter into This Industry
Table 27. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table 28. Global Menstrual Cups Sales by Type (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 29. Global Menstrual Cups Sales by Type (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 30. Global Menstrual Cups Sales Share by Type (2019-2024)
Table 31. Global Menstrual Cups Sales Share by Type (2025-2030)
Table 32. Global Menstrual Cups Revenue by Type (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 33. Global Menstrual Cups Revenue by Type (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 34. Global Menstrual Cups Revenue Share by Type (2019-2024)
Table 35. Global Menstrual Cups Revenue Share by Type (2025-2030)
Table 36. Menstrual Cups Price by Type (2019-2024) & (USD/Unit)
Table 37. Global Menstrual Cups Price Forecast by Type (2025-2030) & (USD/Unit)
Table 38. Global Menstrual Cups Sales by Application (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 39. Global Menstrual Cups Sales by Application (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 40. Global Menstrual Cups Sales Share by Application (2019-2024)
Table 41. Global Menstrual Cups Sales Share by Application (2025-2030)
Table 42. Global Menstrual Cups Revenue by Application (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 43. Global Menstrual Cups Revenue by Application (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 44. Global Menstrual Cups Revenue Share by Application (2019-2024)
Table 45. Global Menstrual Cups Revenue Share by Application (2025-2030)
Table 46. Menstrual Cups Price by Application (2019-2024) & (USD/Unit)
Table 47. Global Menstrual Cups Price Forecast by Application (2025-2030) & (USD/Unit)
Table 48. US & Canada Menstrual Cups Sales by Type (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 49. US & Canada Menstrual Cups Sales by Type (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 50. US & Canada Menstrual Cups Revenue by Type (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 51. US & Canada Menstrual Cups Revenue by Type (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 52. US & Canada Menstrual Cups Sales by Application (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 53. US & Canada Menstrual Cups Sales by Application (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 54. US & Canada Menstrual Cups Revenue by Application (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 55. US & Canada Menstrual Cups Revenue by Application (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 56. US & Canada Menstrual Cups Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Table 57. US & Canada Menstrual Cups Revenue by Country (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 58. US & Canada Menstrual Cups Revenue by Country (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 59. US & Canada Menstrual Cups Sales by Country (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 60. US & Canada Menstrual Cups Sales by Country (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 61. Europe Menstrual Cups Sales by Type (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 62. Europe Menstrual Cups Sales by Type (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 63. Europe Menstrual Cups Revenue by Type (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 64. Europe Menstrual Cups Revenue by Type (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 65. Europe Menstrual Cups Sales by Application (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 66. Europe Menstrual Cups Sales by Application (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 67. Europe Menstrual Cups Revenue by Application (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 68. Europe Menstrual Cups Revenue by Application (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 69. Europe Menstrual Cups Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Table 70. Europe Menstrual Cups Revenue by Country (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 71. Europe Menstrual Cups Revenue by Country (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 72. Europe Menstrual Cups Sales by Country (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 73. Europe Menstrual Cups Sales by Country (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 74. China Menstrual Cups Sales by Type (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 75. China Menstrual Cups Sales by Type (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 76. China Menstrual Cups Revenue by Type (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 77. China Menstrual Cups Revenue by Type (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 78. China Menstrual Cups Sales by Application (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 79. China Menstrual Cups Sales by Application (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 80. China Menstrual Cups Revenue by Application (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 81. China Menstrual Cups Revenue by Application (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 82. Asia Menstrual Cups Sales by Type (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 83. Asia Menstrual Cups Sales by Type (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 84. Asia Menstrual Cups Revenue by Type (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 85. Asia Menstrual Cups Revenue by Type (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 86. Asia Menstrual Cups Sales by Application (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 87. Asia Menstrual Cups Sales by Application (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 88. Asia Menstrual Cups Revenue by Application (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 89. Asia Menstrual Cups Revenue by Application (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 90. Asia Menstrual Cups Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Table 91. Asia Menstrual Cups Revenue by Region (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 92. Asia Menstrual Cups Revenue by Region (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 93. Asia Menstrual Cups Sales by Region (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 94. Asia Menstrual Cups Sales by Region (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 95. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Menstrual Cups Sales by Type (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 96. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Menstrual Cups Sales by Type (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 97. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Menstrual Cups Revenue by Type (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 98. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Menstrual Cups Revenue by Type (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 99. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Menstrual Cups Sales by Application (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 100. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Menstrual Cups Sales by Application (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 101. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Menstrual Cups Revenue by Application (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 102. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Menstrual Cups Revenue by Application (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 103. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Menstrual Cups Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Table 104. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Menstrual Cups Revenue by Country (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 105. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Menstrual Cups Revenue by Country (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 106. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Menstrual Cups Sales by Country (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 107. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Menstrual Cups Sales by Country (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 108. Diva Company Information
Table 109. Diva Description and Major Businesses
Table 110. Diva Menstrual Cups Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 111. Diva Menstrual Cups Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 112. Diva Recent Developments
Table 113. IrisCup Company Information
Table 114. IrisCup Description and Major Businesses
Table 115. IrisCup Menstrual Cups Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 116. IrisCup Menstrual Cups Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 117. IrisCup Recent Developments
Table 118. The Keeper Company Information
Table 119. The Keeper Description and Major Businesses
Table 120. The Keeper Menstrual Cups Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 121. The Keeper Menstrual Cups Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 122. The Keeper Recent Developments
Table 123. MeLuna Company Information
Table 124. MeLuna Description and Major Businesses
Table 125. MeLuna Menstrual Cups Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 126. MeLuna Menstrual Cups Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 127. MeLuna Recent Developments
Table 128. Anigan Company Information
Table 129. Anigan Description and Major Businesses
Table 130. Anigan Menstrual Cups Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 131. Anigan Menstrual Cups Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 132. Anigan Recent Developments
Table 133. Femmycycle Company Information
Table 134. Femmycycle Description and Major Businesses
Table 135. Femmycycle Menstrual Cups Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 136. Femmycycle Menstrual Cups Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 137. Femmycycle Recent Developments
Table 138. Lunette Company Information
Table 139. Lunette Description and Major Businesses
Table 140. Lunette Menstrual Cups Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 141. Lunette Menstrual Cups Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 142. Lunette Recent Developments
Table 143. Mooncup (UK) Company Information
Table 144. Mooncup (UK) Description and Major Businesses
Table 145. Mooncup (UK) Menstrual Cups Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 146. Mooncup (UK) Menstrual Cups Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 147. Mooncup (UK) Recent Developments
Table 148. The Flex Company Company Information
Table 149. The Flex Company Description and Major Businesses
Table 150. The Flex Company Menstrual Cups Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 151. The Flex Company Menstrual Cups Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 152. The Flex Company Recent Developments
Table 153. Yuuki Company Information
Table 154. Yuuki Description and Major Businesses
Table 155. Yuuki Menstrual Cups Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 156. Yuuki Menstrual Cups Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 157. Yuuki Recent Developments
Table 158. LadyCup Company Information
Table 159. LadyCup Description and Major Businesses
Table 160. LadyCup Menstrual Cups Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 161. LadyCup Menstrual Cups Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 162. LadyCup Recent Developments
Table 163. FemmeCup Company Information
Table 164. FemmeCup Description and Major Businesses
Table 165. FemmeCup Menstrual Cups Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 166. FemmeCup Menstrual Cups Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 167. FemmeCup Recent Developments
Table 168. Ruby Life Company Information
Table 169. Ruby Life Description and Major Businesses
Table 170. Ruby Life Menstrual Cups Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 171. Ruby Life Menstrual Cups Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 172. Ruby Life Recent Developments
Table 173. LifeCup Company Information
Table 174. LifeCup Description and Major Businesses
Table 175. LifeCup Menstrual Cups Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 176. LifeCup Menstrual Cups Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 177. LifeCup Recent Developments
Table 178. Monzcare Company Information
Table 179. Monzcare Description and Major Businesses
Table 180. Monzcare Menstrual Cups Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 181. Monzcare Menstrual Cups Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 182. Monzcare Recent Developments
Table 183. Lena Cup Company Information
Table 184. Lena Cup Description and Major Businesses
Table 185. Lena Cup Menstrual Cups Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 186. Lena Cup Menstrual Cups Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 187. Lena Cup Recent Developments
Table 188. SckoonCup Company Information
Table 189. SckoonCup Description and Major Businesses
Table 190. SckoonCup Menstrual Cups Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 191. SckoonCup Menstrual Cups Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 192. SckoonCup Recent Developments
Table 193. Key Raw Materials Lists
Table 194. Raw Materials Key Suppliers Lists
Table 195. Menstrual Cups Distributors List
Table 196. Menstrual Cups Customers List
Table 197. Menstrual Cups Market Trends
Table 198. Menstrual Cups Market Drivers
Table 199. Menstrual Cups Market Challenges
Table 200. Menstrual Cups Market Restraints
Table 201. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 202. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 203. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
List of Figures
Figure 1. Menstrual Cups Product Picture
Figure 2. Global Menstrual Cups Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Figure 3. Global Menstrual Cups Market Share by Type in 2023 & 2030
Figure 4. Silicon Product Picture
Figure 5. Natural Gum Rubber (Latex) Product Picture
Figure 6. Thermoplastic Elastomer (TPE) Product Picture
Figure 7. Global Menstrual Cups Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Figure 8. Global Menstrual Cups Market Share by Application in 2023 & 2030
Figure 9. Supermarkets
Figure 10. Drugstore
Figure 11. Online Shop
Figure 12. Menstrual Cups Report Years Considered
Figure 13. Global Menstrual Cups Revenue, (US$ Million), 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
Figure 14. Global Menstrual Cups Revenue 2019-2030 (US$ Million)
Figure 15. Global Menstrual Cups Revenue Market Share by Region in Percentage: 2023 Versus 2030
Figure 16. Global Menstrual Cups Revenue Market Share by Region (2019-2030)
Figure 17. Global Menstrual Cups Sales 2019-2030 ((K Units)
Figure 18. Global Menstrual Cups Sales Market Share by Region (2019-2030)
Figure 19. US & Canada Menstrual Cups Sales YoY (2019-2030) & (K Units)
Figure 20. US & Canada Menstrual Cups Revenue YoY (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 21. Europe Menstrual Cups Sales YoY (2019-2030) & (K Units)
Figure 22. Europe Menstrual Cups Revenue YoY (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 23. China Menstrual Cups Sales YoY (2019-2030) & (K Units)
Figure 24. China Menstrual Cups Revenue YoY (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 25. Asia (excluding China) Menstrual Cups Sales YoY (2019-2030) & (K Units)
Figure 26. Asia (excluding China) Menstrual Cups Revenue YoY (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 27. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Menstrual Cups Sales YoY (2019-2030) & (K Units)
Figure 28. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Menstrual Cups Revenue YoY (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 29. The Menstrual Cups Market Share of Top 10 and Top 5 Largest Manufacturers Around the World in 2023
Figure 30. The Top 5 and 10 Largest Manufacturers of Menstrual Cups in the World: Market Share by Menstrual Cups Revenue in 2023
Figure 31. Global Menstrual Cups Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3): 2019 VS 2023
Figure 32. Global Menstrual Cups Sales Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 33. Global Menstrual Cups Revenue Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 34. Global Menstrual Cups Sales Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 35. Global Menstrual Cups Revenue Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 36. US & Canada Menstrual Cups Sales Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 37. US & Canada Menstrual Cups Revenue Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 38. US & Canada Menstrual Cups Sales Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 39. US & Canada Menstrual Cups Revenue Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 40. US & Canada Menstrual Cups Revenue Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure 41. US & Canada Menstrual Cups Sales Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure 42. U.S. Menstrual Cups Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 43. Canada Menstrual Cups Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 44. Europe Menstrual Cups Sales Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 45. Europe Menstrual Cups Revenue Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 46. Europe Menstrual Cups Sales Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 47. Europe Menstrual Cups Revenue Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 48. Europe Menstrual Cups Revenue Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure 49. Europe Menstrual Cups Sales Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure 50. Germany Menstrual Cups Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 51. France Menstrual Cups Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 52. U.K. Menstrual Cups Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 53. Italy Menstrual Cups Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 54. Russia Menstrual Cups Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 55. China Menstrual Cups Sales Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 56. China Menstrual Cups Revenue Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 57. China Menstrual Cups Sales Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 58. China Menstrual Cups Revenue Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 59. Asia Menstrual Cups Sales Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 60. Asia Menstrual Cups Revenue Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 61. Asia Menstrual Cups Sales Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 62. Asia Menstrual Cups Revenue Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 63. Asia Menstrual Cups Revenue Share by Region (2019-2030)
Figure 64. Asia Menstrual Cups Sales Share by Region (2019-2030)
Figure 65. Japan Menstrual Cups Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 66. South Korea Menstrual Cups Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 67. China Taiwan Menstrual Cups Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 68. Southeast Asia Menstrual Cups Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 69. India Menstrual Cups Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 70. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Menstrual Cups Sales Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 71. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Menstrual Cups Revenue Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 72. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Menstrual Cups Sales Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 73. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Menstrual Cups Revenue Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 74. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Menstrual Cups Revenue Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure 75. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Menstrual Cups Sales Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure 76. Brazil Menstrual Cups Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 77. Mexico Menstrual Cups Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 78. Turkey Menstrual Cups Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 79. Israel Menstrual Cups Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 80. GCC Countries Menstrual Cups Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 81. Menstrual Cups Value Chain
Figure 82. Menstrual Cups Production Process
Figure 83. Channels of Distribution
Figure 84. Distributors Profiles
Figure 85. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 86. Data Triangulation
Figure 87. Key Executives Interviewed