List of Tables
Table 1. Global Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Market Value Comparison by Type (2024 VS 2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 2. Global Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Market Value by Application (2024 VS 2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 3. Global Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Market Competitive Situation by Manufacturers in 2024
Table 4. Global Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Sales (K Units) of Key Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 5. Global Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Sales Market Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 6. Global Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue (US$ Million) by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 7. Global Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 8. Global Market Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Average Price (US$/Unit) of Key Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 9. Global Key Players of Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation, Industry Ranking, 2022 VS 2023 VS 2024
Table 10. Global Key Manufacturers of Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation, Manufacturing Sites & Headquarters
Table 11. Global Key Manufacturers of Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation, Product Type & Application
Table 12. Global Key Manufacturers of Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation, Date of Enter into This Industry
Table 13. Global Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 14. Global Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation as of 2024)
Table 15. Manufacturers Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table 16. Global Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Market Size by Region (US$ Million): 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Table 17. Global Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Sales by Region (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 18. Global Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Sales Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
Table 19. Global Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Sales by Region (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 20. Global Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Sales Market Share by Region (2026-2031)
Table 21. Global Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue by Region (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 22. Global Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
Table 23. Global Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue by Region (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 24. Global Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue Market Share by Region (2026-2031)
Table 25. North America Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 26. North America Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Sales by Country (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 27. North America Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Sales by Country (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 28. North America Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue by Country (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 29. North America Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue by Country (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 30. Europe Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 31. Europe Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Sales by Country (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 32. Europe Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Sales by Country (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 33. Europe Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue by Country (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 34. Europe Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue by Country (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 35. Asia Pacific Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 36. Asia Pacific Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Sales by Region (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 37. Asia Pacific Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Sales by Region (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 38. Asia Pacific Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue by Region (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 39. Asia Pacific Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue by Region (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 40. Latin America Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 41. Latin America Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Sales by Country (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 42. Latin America Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Sales by Country (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 43. Latin America Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue by Country (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 44. Latin America Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue by Country (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 45. Middle East and Africa Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 46. Middle East and Africa Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Sales by Country (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 47. Middle East and Africa Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Sales by Country (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 48. Middle East and Africa Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue by Country (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 49. Middle East and Africa Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue by Country (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 50. Global Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Sales (K Units) by Type (2020-2025)
Table 51. Global Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Sales (K Units) by Type (2026-2031)
Table 52. Global Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Sales Market Share by Type (2020-2025)
Table 53. Global Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Sales Market Share by Type (2026-2031)
Table 54. Global Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2025)
Table 55. Global Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2026-2031)
Table 56. Global Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue Market Share by Type (2020-2025)
Table 57. Global Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue Market Share by Type (2026-2031)
Table 58. Global Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Price (US$/Unit) by Type (2020-2025)
Table 59. Global Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Price (US$/Unit) by Type (2026-2031)
Table 60. Global Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Sales (K Units) by Application (2020-2025)
Table 61. Global Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Sales (K Units) by Application (2026-2031)
Table 62. Global Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Sales Market Share by Application (2020-2025)
Table 63. Global Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Sales Market Share by Application (2026-2031)
Table 64. Global Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2025)
Table 65. Global Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2026-2031)
Table 66. Global Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue Market Share by Application (2020-2025)
Table 67. Global Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue Market Share by Application (2026-2031)
Table 68. Global Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Price (US$/Unit) by Application (2020-2025)
Table 69. Global Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Price (US$/Unit) by Application (2026-2031)
Table 70. CF PharmTech Company Information
Table 71. CF PharmTech Description and Business Overview
Table 72. CF PharmTech Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 73. CF PharmTech Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Product
Table 74. CF PharmTech Recent Developments/Updates
Table 75. GlaxoSmithKline Company Information
Table 76. GlaxoSmithKline Description and Business Overview
Table 77. GlaxoSmithKline Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 78. GlaxoSmithKline Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Product
Table 79. GlaxoSmithKline Recent Developments/Updates
Table 80. AstraZeneca Company Information
Table 81. AstraZeneca Description and Business Overview
Table 82. AstraZeneca Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 83. AstraZeneca Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Product
Table 84. AstraZeneca Recent Developments/Updates
Table 85. Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Company Information
Table 86. Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Description and Business Overview
Table 87. Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 88. Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Product
Table 89. Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Recent Developments/Updates
Table 90. Boehringer Ingelheim Company Information
Table 91. Boehringer Ingelheim Description and Business Overview
Table 92. Boehringer Ingelheim Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 93. Boehringer Ingelheim Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Product
Table 94. Boehringer Ingelheim Recent Developments/Updates
Table 95. Jiangsu Chia Tai-Tianqing Pharmaceutical Company Information
Table 96. Jiangsu Chia Tai-Tianqing Pharmaceutical Description and Business Overview
Table 97. Jiangsu Chia Tai-Tianqing Pharmaceutical Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 98. Jiangsu Chia Tai-Tianqing Pharmaceutical Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Product
Table 99. Jiangsu Chia Tai-Tianqing Pharmaceutical Recent Developments/Updates
Table 100. Joincare Pharmaceutical Company Information
Table 101. Joincare Pharmaceutical Description and Business Overview
Table 102. Joincare Pharmaceutical Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 103. Joincare Pharmaceutical Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Product
Table 104. Joincare Pharmaceutical Recent Developments/Updates
Table 105. Chiesi Farmaceutici Company Information
Table 106. Chiesi Farmaceutici Description and Business Overview
Table 107. Chiesi Farmaceutici Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 108. Chiesi Farmaceutici Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Product
Table 109. Chiesi Farmaceutici Recent Developments/Updates
Table 110. Nanchang Helioeast Pharmaceutical Company Information
Table 111. Nanchang Helioeast Pharmaceutical Description and Business Overview
Table 112. Nanchang Helioeast Pharmaceutical Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 113. Nanchang Helioeast Pharmaceutical Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Product
Table 114. Nanchang Helioeast Pharmaceutical Recent Developments/Updates
Table 115. Zhejiang Xianju Pharmaceutical Company Information
Table 116. Zhejiang Xianju Pharmaceutical Description and Business Overview
Table 117. Zhejiang Xianju Pharmaceutical Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 118. Zhejiang Xianju Pharmaceutical Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Product
Table 119. Zhejiang Xianju Pharmaceutical Recent Developments/Updates
Table 120. Teva Pharmaceutical Company Information
Table 121. Teva Pharmaceutical Description and Business Overview
Table 122. Teva Pharmaceutical Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 123. Teva Pharmaceutical Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Product
Table 124. Teva Pharmaceutical Recent Developments/Updates
Table 125. Merck Company Information
Table 126. Merck Description and Business Overview
Table 127. Merck Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 128. Merck Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Product
Table 129. Merck Recent Developments/Updates
Table 130. Roche Company Information
Table 131. Roche Description and Business Overview
Table 132. Roche Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 133. Roche Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Product
Table 134. Roche Recent Developments/Updates
Table 135. Novartis Company Information
Table 136. Novartis Description and Business Overview
Table 137. Novartis Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 138. Novartis Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Product
Table 139. Novartis Recent Developments/Updates
Table 140. Johnson & Johnson Company Information
Table 141. Johnson & Johnson Description and Business Overview
Table 142. Johnson & Johnson Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 143. Johnson & Johnson Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Product
Table 144. Johnson & Johnson Recent Developments/Updates
Table 145. Mylan Company Information
Table 146. Mylan Description and Business Overview
Table 147. Mylan Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 148. Mylan Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Product
Table 149. Mylan Recent Developments/Updates
Table 150. Jemincare Company Information
Table 151. Jemincare Description and Business Overview
Table 152. Jemincare Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 153. Jemincare Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Product
Table 154. Jemincare Recent Developments/Updates
Table 155. Key Raw Materials Lists
Table 156. Raw Materials Key Suppliers Lists
Table 157. Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Distributors List
Table 158. Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Customers List
Table 159. Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Market Trends
Table 160. Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Market Drivers
Table 161. Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Market Challenges
Table 162. Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Market Restraints
Table 163. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 164. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 165. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
Table 166. Authors List of This Report
List of Figures
Figure 1. Product Picture of Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation
Figure 2. Global Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Market Value Comparison by Type (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 3. Global Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Market Share by Type: 2024 & 2031
Figure 4. Inhalation Powder Spray Product Picture
Figure 5. Inhalation Liquid Preparations Product Picture
Figure 6. Inhalation Aerosol Product Picture
Figure 7. Nasal Spray Product Picture
Figure 8. Global Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Market Value by Application (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 9. Global Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Market Share by Application: 2024 & 2031
Figure 10. Rhinitis
Figure 11. Asthma
Figure 12. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Figure 13. Others
Figure 14. Global Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue, (US$ Million), 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 15. Global Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Market Size (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 16. Global Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Sales (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 17. Global Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Average Price (US$/Unit) & (2020-2031)
Figure 18. Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Report Years Considered
Figure 19. Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Sales Share by Manufacturers in 2024
Figure 20. Global Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue Share by Manufacturers in 2024
Figure 21. Global 5 and 10 Largest Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Players: Market Share by Revenue in Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation in 2024
Figure 22. Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3): 2020 VS 2024
Figure 23. Global Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Market Size by Region (US$ Million): 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 24. North America Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Sales Market Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 25. North America Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue Market Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 26. United States Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 27. Canada Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 28. Europe Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Sales Market Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 29. Europe Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue Market Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 30. Germany Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 31. France Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 32. U.K. Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 33. Italy Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 34. Russia Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 35. Asia Pacific Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Sales Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 36. Asia Pacific Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 37. China Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 38. Japan Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 39. South Korea Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 40. India Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 41. Australia Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 42. China Taiwan Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 43. Southeast Asia Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 44. Latin America Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Sales Market Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 45. Latin America Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue Market Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 46. Mexico Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 47. Brazil Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 48. Argentina Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 49. Middle East and Africa Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Sales Market Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 50. Middle East and Africa Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue Market Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 51. Turkey Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 52. Saudi Arabia Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 53. UAE Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Revenue Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 54. Global Sales Market Share of Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 55. Global Revenue Market Share of Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 56. Global Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Price (US$/Unit) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 57. Global Sales Market Share of Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 58. Global Revenue Market Share of Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 59. Global Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Price (US$/Unit) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 60. Respiratory System Chronic Disease Inhalation Preparation Value Chain
Figure 61. Channels of Distribution (Direct Vs Distribution)
Figure 62. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 63. Data Triangulation
Figure 64. Key Executives Interviewed
