Global Active Network Management System Market Research Report 2023

Active Network Management (ANM) describes control systems that manage generation and load for specific purposes. Connection of this technology to the main network ensures they are fully integrated into the energy system and thus can be used in an efficient way, thereby reducing the need to invest in expensive energy network reinforcement.

The global Active Network Management System market was valued at US$ million in 2022 and is anticipated to reach US$ million by 2029, witnessing a CAGR of % during the forecast period 2023-2029. The influence of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War were considered while estimating market sizes.

North American market for Active Network Management System is estimated to increase from $ million in 2023 to reach $ million by 2029, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period of 2023 through 2029.

Asia-Pacific market for Active Network Management System is estimated to increase from $ million in 2023 to reach $ million by 2029, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period of 2023 through 2029.

The global market for Active Network Management System in Power Industry is estimated to increase from $ million in 2023 to $ million by 2029, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period of 2023 through 2029.

The key global companies of Active Network Management System include ABB, Oracle, GE, Schneider Electric, Siemens, Cisco, IBM, Itron and Landis+GYR, etc. In 2022, the world's top three vendors accounted for approximately % of the revenue.

This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for Active Network Management System, with both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding Active Network Management System.

The Active Network Management System market size, estimations, and forecasts are provided in terms of and revenue ($ millions), considering 2022 as the base year, with history and forecast data for the period from 2018 to 2029. This report segments the global Active Network Management System market comprehensively. Regional market sizes, concerning products by type, by application, and by players, are also provided.

For a more in-depth understanding of the market, the report provides profiles of the competitive landscape, key competitors, and their respective market ranks. The report also discusses technological trends and new product developments.

The report will help the Active Network Management System companies, new entrants, and industry chain related companies in this market with information on the revenues for the overall market and the sub-segments across the different segments, by company, by type, by application, and by regions.

1.1 Study Scope

1.2 Market Analysis by Type

1.2.1 Global Active Network Management System Market Size Growth Rate by Type: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029

1.2.2 Software

1.2.3 Services

1.3 Market by Application

1.3.1 Global Active Network Management System Market Growth by Application: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029

1.3.2 Power Industry

1.3.3 Energy and Utilities

1.3.4 Others

1.4 Study Objectives

1.5 Years Considered

1.6 Years Considered

2.1 Global Active Network Management System Market Perspective (2018-2029)

2.2 Active Network Management System Growth Trends by Region

2.2.1 Global Active Network Management System Market Size by Region: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029

2.2.2 Active Network Management System Historic Market Size by Region (2018-2023)

2.2.3 Active Network Management System Forecasted Market Size by Region (2024-2029)

2.3 Active Network Management System Market Dynamics

2.3.1 Active Network Management System Industry Trends

2.3.2 Active Network Management System Market Drivers

2.3.3 Active Network Management System Market Challenges

2.3.4 Active Network Management System Market Restraints

3.1 Global Top Active Network Management System Players by Revenue

3.1.1 Global Top Active Network Management System Players by Revenue (2018-2023)

3.1.2 Global Active Network Management System Revenue Market Share by Players (2018-2023)

3.2 Global Active Network Management System Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3)

3.3 Players Covered: Ranking by Active Network Management System Revenue

3.4 Global Active Network Management System Market Concentration Ratio

3.4.1 Global Active Network Management System Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)

3.4.2 Global Top 10 and Top 5 Companies by Active Network Management System Revenue in 2022

3.5 Active Network Management System Key Players Head office and Area Served

3.6 Key Players Active Network Management System Product Solution and Service

3.7 Date of Enter into Active Network Management System Market

3.8 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans

4.1 Global Active Network Management System Historic Market Size by Type (2018-2023)

4.2 Global Active Network Management System Forecasted Market Size by Type (2024-2029)

5.1 Global Active Network Management System Historic Market Size by Application (2018-2023)

5.2 Global Active Network Management System Forecasted Market Size by Application (2024-2029)

6.1 North America Active Network Management System Market Size (2018-2029)

6.2 North America Active Network Management System Market Growth Rate by Country: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029

6.3 North America Active Network Management System Market Size by Country (2018-2023)

6.4 North America Active Network Management System Market Size by Country (2024-2029)

6.5 United States

6.6 Canada

7.1 Europe Active Network Management System Market Size (2018-2029)

7.2 Europe Active Network Management System Market Growth Rate by Country: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029

7.3 Europe Active Network Management System Market Size by Country (2018-2023)

7.4 Europe Active Network Management System Market Size by Country (2024-2029)

7.5 Germany

7.6 France

7.7 U.K.

7.8 Italy

7.9 Russia

7.10 Nordic Countries

8.1 Asia-Pacific Active Network Management System Market Size (2018-2029)

8.2 Asia-Pacific Active Network Management System Market Growth Rate by Region: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029

8.3 Asia-Pacific Active Network Management System Market Size by Region (2018-2023)

8.4 Asia-Pacific Active Network Management System Market Size by Region (2024-2029)

8.5 China

8.6 Japan

8.7 South Korea

8.8 Southeast Asia

8.9 India

8.10 Australia

9.1 Latin America Active Network Management System Market Size (2018-2029)

9.2 Latin America Active Network Management System Market Growth Rate by Country: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029

9.3 Latin America Active Network Management System Market Size by Country (2018-2023)

9.4 Latin America Active Network Management System Market Size by Country (2024-2029)

9.5 Mexico

9.6 Brazil

10.1 Middle East & Africa Active Network Management System Market Size (2018-2029)

10.2 Middle East & Africa Active Network Management System Market Growth Rate by Country: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029

10.3 Middle East & Africa Active Network Management System Market Size by Country (2018-2023)

10.4 Middle East & Africa Active Network Management System Market Size by Country (2024-2029)

10.5 Turkey

10.6 Saudi Arabia

10.7 UAE

11.1 ABB

11.1.1 ABB Company Detail

11.1.2 ABB Business Overview

11.1.3 ABB Active Network Management System Introduction

11.1.4 ABB Revenue in Active Network Management System Business (2018-2023)

11.1.5 ABB Recent Development

11.2 Oracle

11.2.1 Oracle Company Detail

11.2.2 Oracle Business Overview

11.2.3 Oracle Active Network Management System Introduction

11.2.4 Oracle Revenue in Active Network Management System Business (2018-2023)

11.2.5 Oracle Recent Development

11.3 GE

11.3.1 GE Company Detail

11.3.2 GE Business Overview

11.3.3 GE Active Network Management System Introduction

11.3.4 GE Revenue in Active Network Management System Business (2018-2023)

11.3.5 GE Recent Development

11.4 Schneider Electric

11.4.1 Schneider Electric Company Detail

11.4.2 Schneider Electric Business Overview

11.4.3 Schneider Electric Active Network Management System Introduction

11.4.4 Schneider Electric Revenue in Active Network Management System Business (2018-2023)

11.4.5 Schneider Electric Recent Development

11.5 Siemens

11.5.1 Siemens Company Detail

11.5.2 Siemens Business Overview

11.5.3 Siemens Active Network Management System Introduction

11.5.4 Siemens Revenue in Active Network Management System Business (2018-2023)

11.5.5 Siemens Recent Development

11.6 Cisco

11.6.1 Cisco Company Detail

11.6.2 Cisco Business Overview

11.6.3 Cisco Active Network Management System Introduction

11.6.4 Cisco Revenue in Active Network Management System Business (2018-2023)

11.6.5 Cisco Recent Development

11.7 IBM

11.7.1 IBM Company Detail

11.7.2 IBM Business Overview

11.7.3 IBM Active Network Management System Introduction

11.7.4 IBM Revenue in Active Network Management System Business (2018-2023)

11.7.5 IBM Recent Development

11.8 Itron

11.8.1 Itron Company Detail

11.8.2 Itron Business Overview

11.8.3 Itron Active Network Management System Introduction

11.8.4 Itron Revenue in Active Network Management System Business (2018-2023)

11.8.5 Itron Recent Development

11.9 Landis+GYR

11.9.1 Landis+GYR Company Detail

11.9.2 Landis+GYR Business Overview

11.9.3 Landis+GYR Active Network Management System Introduction

11.9.4 Landis+GYR Revenue in Active Network Management System Business (2018-2023)

11.9.5 Landis+GYR Recent Development

11.10 Indra

11.10.1 Indra Company Detail

11.10.2 Indra Business Overview

11.10.3 Indra Active Network Management System Introduction

11.10.4 Indra Revenue in Active Network Management System Business (2018-2023)

11.10.5 Indra Recent Development

11.11 Chemtrols Industries

11.11.1 Chemtrols Industries Company Detail

11.11.2 Chemtrols Industries Business Overview

11.11.3 Chemtrols Industries Active Network Management System Introduction

11.11.4 Chemtrols Industries Revenue in Active Network Management System Business (2018-2023)

11.11.5 Chemtrols Industries Recent Development

11.12 Camlin

11.12.1 Camlin Company Detail

11.12.2 Camlin Business Overview

11.12.3 Camlin Active Network Management System Introduction

11.12.4 Camlin Revenue in Active Network Management System Business (2018-2023)

11.12.5 Camlin Recent Development

11.13 Smarter Grid Solutions

11.13.1 Smarter Grid Solutions Company Detail

11.13.2 Smarter Grid Solutions Business Overview

11.13.3 Smarter Grid Solutions Active Network Management System Introduction

11.13.4 Smarter Grid Solutions Revenue in Active Network Management System Business (2018-2023)

11.13.5 Smarter Grid Solutions Recent Development

11.14 ZIV

11.14.1 ZIV Company Detail

11.14.2 ZIV Business Overview

11.14.3 ZIV Active Network Management System Introduction

11.14.4 ZIV Revenue in Active Network Management System Business (2018-2023)

11.14.5 ZIV Recent Development

11.15 Argand Solutions

11.15.1 Argand Solutions Company Detail

11.15.2 Argand Solutions Business Overview

11.15.3 Argand Solutions Active Network Management System Introduction

11.15.4 Argand Solutions Revenue in Active Network Management System Business (2018-2023)

11.15.5 Argand Solutions Recent Development

13.1 Research Methodology

13.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach

13.1.2 Data Source

13.2 Disclaimer

13.3 Author Details

List of Tables

    Table 1. Global Active Network Management System Market Size Growth Rate by Type (US$ Million): 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029

    Table 2. Key Players of Software

    Table 3. Key Players of Services

    Table 4. Global Active Network Management System Market Size Growth by Application (US$ Million): 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029

    Table 5. Global Active Network Management System Market Size by Region (US$ Million): 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029

    Table 6. Global Active Network Management System Market Size by Region (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)

    Table 7. Global Active Network Management System Market Share by Region (2018-2023)

    Table 8. Global Active Network Management System Forecasted Market Size by Region (2024-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Table 9. Global Active Network Management System Market Share by Region (2024-2029)

    Table 10. Active Network Management System Market Trends

    Table 11. Active Network Management System Market Drivers

    Table 12. Active Network Management System Market Challenges

    Table 13. Active Network Management System Market Restraints

    Table 14. Global Active Network Management System Revenue by Players (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)

    Table 15. Global Active Network Management System Market Share by Players (2018-2023)

    Table 16. Global Top Active Network Management System Players by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Active Network Management System as of 2022)

    Table 17. Ranking of Global Top Active Network Management System Companies by Revenue (US$ Million) in 2022

    Table 18. Global 5 Largest Players Market Share by Active Network Management System Revenue (CR5 and HHI) & (2018-2023)

    Table 19. Key Players Headquarters and Area Served

    Table 20. Key Players Active Network Management System Product Solution and Service

    Table 21. Date of Enter into Active Network Management System Market

    Table 22. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans

    Table 23. Global Active Network Management System Market Size by Type (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)

    Table 24. Global Active Network Management System Revenue Market Share by Type (2018-2023)

    Table 25. Global Active Network Management System Forecasted Market Size by Type (2024-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Table 26. Global Active Network Management System Revenue Market Share by Type (2024-2029)

    Table 27. Global Active Network Management System Market Size by Application (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)

    Table 28. Global Active Network Management System Revenue Market Share by Application (2018-2023)

    Table 29. Global Active Network Management System Forecasted Market Size by Application (2024-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Table 30. Global Active Network Management System Revenue Market Share by Application (2024-2029)

    Table 31. North America Active Network Management System Market Size Growth Rate by Country (US$ Million): 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029

    Table 32. North America Active Network Management System Market Size by Country (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)

    Table 33. North America Active Network Management System Market Size by Country (2024-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Table 34. Europe Active Network Management System Market Size Growth Rate by Country (US$ Million): 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029

    Table 35. Europe Active Network Management System Market Size by Country (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)

    Table 36. Europe Active Network Management System Market Size by Country (2024-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Table 37. Asia-Pacific Active Network Management System Market Size Growth Rate by Region (US$ Million): 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029

    Table 38. Asia-Pacific Active Network Management System Market Size by Region (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)

    Table 39. Asia-Pacific Active Network Management System Market Size by Region (2024-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Table 40. Latin America Active Network Management System Market Size Growth Rate by Country (US$ Million): 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029

    Table 41. Latin America Active Network Management System Market Size by Country (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)

    Table 42. Latin America Active Network Management System Market Size by Country (2024-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Table 43. Middle East & Africa Active Network Management System Market Size Growth Rate by Country (US$ Million): 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029

    Table 44. Middle East & Africa Active Network Management System Market Size by Country (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)

    Table 45. Middle East & Africa Active Network Management System Market Size by Country (2024-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Table 46. ABB Company Detail

    Table 47. ABB Business Overview

    Table 48. ABB Active Network Management System Product

    Table 49. ABB Revenue in Active Network Management System Business (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)

    Table 50. ABB Recent Development

    Table 51. Oracle Company Detail

    Table 52. Oracle Business Overview

    Table 53. Oracle Active Network Management System Product

    Table 54. Oracle Revenue in Active Network Management System Business (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)

    Table 55. Oracle Recent Development

    Table 56. GE Company Detail

    Table 57. GE Business Overview

    Table 58. GE Active Network Management System Product

    Table 59. GE Revenue in Active Network Management System Business (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)

    Table 60. GE Recent Development

    Table 61. Schneider Electric Company Detail

    Table 62. Schneider Electric Business Overview

    Table 63. Schneider Electric Active Network Management System Product

    Table 64. Schneider Electric Revenue in Active Network Management System Business (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)

    Table 65. Schneider Electric Recent Development

    Table 66. Siemens Company Detail

    Table 67. Siemens Business Overview

    Table 68. Siemens Active Network Management System Product

    Table 69. Siemens Revenue in Active Network Management System Business (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)

    Table 70. Siemens Recent Development

    Table 71. Cisco Company Detail

    Table 72. Cisco Business Overview

    Table 73. Cisco Active Network Management System Product

    Table 74. Cisco Revenue in Active Network Management System Business (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)

    Table 75. Cisco Recent Development

    Table 76. IBM Company Detail

    Table 77. IBM Business Overview

    Table 78. IBM Active Network Management System Product

    Table 79. IBM Revenue in Active Network Management System Business (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)

    Table 80. IBM Recent Development

    Table 81. Itron Company Detail

    Table 82. Itron Business Overview

    Table 83. Itron Active Network Management System Product

    Table 84. Itron Revenue in Active Network Management System Business (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)

    Table 85. Itron Recent Development

    Table 86. Landis+GYR Company Detail

    Table 87. Landis+GYR Business Overview

    Table 88. Landis+GYR Active Network Management System Product

    Table 89. Landis+GYR Revenue in Active Network Management System Business (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)

    Table 90. Landis+GYR Recent Development

    Table 91. Indra Company Detail

    Table 92. Indra Business Overview

    Table 93. Indra Active Network Management System Product

    Table 94. Indra Revenue in Active Network Management System Business (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)

    Table 95. Indra Recent Development

    Table 96. Chemtrols Industries Company Detail

    Table 97. Chemtrols Industries Business Overview

    Table 98. Chemtrols Industries Active Network Management System Product

    Table 99. Chemtrols Industries Revenue in Active Network Management System Business (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)

    Table 100. Chemtrols Industries Recent Development

    Table 101. Camlin Company Detail

    Table 102. Camlin Business Overview

    Table 103. Camlin Active Network Management System Product

    Table 104. Camlin Revenue in Active Network Management System Business (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)

    Table 105. Camlin Recent Development

    Table 106. Smarter Grid Solutions Company Detail

    Table 107. Smarter Grid Solutions Business Overview

    Table 108. Smarter Grid Solutions Active Network Management System Product

    Table 109. Smarter Grid Solutions Revenue in Active Network Management System Business (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)

    Table 110. Smarter Grid Solutions Recent Development

    Table 111. ZIV Company Detail

    Table 112. ZIV Business Overview

    Table 113. ZIV Active Network Management System Product

    Table 114. ZIV Revenue in Active Network Management System Business (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)

    Table 115. ZIV Recent Development

    Table 116. Argand Solutions Company Detail

    Table 117. Argand Solutions Business Overview

    Table 118. Argand Solutions Active Network Management System Product

    Table 119. Argand Solutions Revenue in Active Network Management System Business (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)

    Table 120. Argand Solutions Recent Development

    Table 121. Research Programs/Design for This Report

    Table 122. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources

    Table 123. Key Data Information from Primary Sources

List of Figures

    Figure 1. Global Active Network Management System Market Size Comparison by Type (2023-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Figure 2. Global Active Network Management System Market Share by Type: 2022 VS 2029

    Figure 3. Software Features

    Figure 4. Services Features

    Figure 5. Global Active Network Management System Market Size Comparison by Application (2023-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Figure 6. Global Active Network Management System Market Share by Application: 2022 VS 2029

    Figure 7. Power Industry Case Studies

    Figure 8. Energy and Utilities Case Studies

    Figure 9. Others Case Studies

    Figure 10. Active Network Management System Report Years Considered

    Figure 11. Global Active Network Management System Market Size (US$ Million), Year-over-Year: 2018-2029

    Figure 12. Global Active Network Management System Market Size, (US$ Million), 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029

    Figure 13. Global Active Network Management System Market Share by Region: 2022 VS 2029

    Figure 14. Global Active Network Management System Market Share by Players in 2022

    Figure 15. Global Top Active Network Management System Players by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Active Network Management System as of 2022)

    Figure 16. The Top 10 and 5 Players Market Share by Active Network Management System Revenue in 2022

    Figure 17. North America Active Network Management System Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Figure 18. North America Active Network Management System Market Share by Country (2018-2029)

    Figure 19. United States Active Network Management System Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Figure 20. Canada Active Network Management System Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Figure 21. Europe Active Network Management System Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Figure 22. Europe Active Network Management System Market Share by Country (2018-2029)

    Figure 23. Germany Active Network Management System Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Figure 24. France Active Network Management System Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Figure 25. U.K. Active Network Management System Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Figure 26. Italy Active Network Management System Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Figure 27. Russia Active Network Management System Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Figure 28. Nordic Countries Active Network Management System Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Figure 29. Asia-Pacific Active Network Management System Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Figure 30. Asia-Pacific Active Network Management System Market Share by Region (2018-2029)

    Figure 31. China Active Network Management System Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Figure 32. Japan Active Network Management System Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Figure 33. South Korea Active Network Management System Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Figure 34. Southeast Asia Active Network Management System Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Figure 35. India Active Network Management System Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Figure 36. Australia Active Network Management System Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Figure 37. Latin America Active Network Management System Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Figure 38. Latin America Active Network Management System Market Share by Country (2018-2029)

    Figure 39. Mexico Active Network Management System Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Figure 40. Brazil Active Network Management System Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Figure 41. Middle East & Africa Active Network Management System Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Figure 42. Middle East & Africa Active Network Management System Market Share by Country (2018-2029)

    Figure 43. Turkey Active Network Management System Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Figure 44. Saudi Arabia Active Network Management System Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Figure 45. ABB Revenue Growth Rate in Active Network Management System Business (2018-2023)

    Figure 46. Oracle Revenue Growth Rate in Active Network Management System Business (2018-2023)

    Figure 47. GE Revenue Growth Rate in Active Network Management System Business (2018-2023)

    Figure 48. Schneider Electric Revenue Growth Rate in Active Network Management System Business (2018-2023)

    Figure 49. Siemens Revenue Growth Rate in Active Network Management System Business (2018-2023)

    Figure 50. Cisco Revenue Growth Rate in Active Network Management System Business (2018-2023)

    Figure 51. IBM Revenue Growth Rate in Active Network Management System Business (2018-2023)

    Figure 52. Itron Revenue Growth Rate in Active Network Management System Business (2018-2023)

    Figure 53. Landis+GYR Revenue Growth Rate in Active Network Management System Business (2018-2023)

    Figure 54. Indra Revenue Growth Rate in Active Network Management System Business (2018-2023)

    Figure 55. Chemtrols Industries Revenue Growth Rate in Active Network Management System Business (2018-2023)

    Figure 56. Camlin Revenue Growth Rate in Active Network Management System Business (2018-2023)

    Figure 57. Smarter Grid Solutions Revenue Growth Rate in Active Network Management System Business (2018-2023)

    Figure 58. ZIV Revenue Growth Rate in Active Network Management System Business (2018-2023)

    Figure 59. Argand Solutions Revenue Growth Rate in Active Network Management System Business (2018-2023)

    Figure 60. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report

    Figure 61. Data Triangulation

    Figure 62. Key Executives Interviewed