List of Tables
Table 1. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Market Value by Type, (US$ Million) & (2024 VS 2031)
Table 2. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Market Value by Application, (US$ Million) & (2024 VS 2031)
Table 3. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production Capacity (Kiloton) by Manufacturers in 2024
Table 4. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (Kiloton)
Table 5. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 6. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production Value by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 7. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production Value Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 8. Global Key Players of Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory, Industry Ranking, 2023 VS 2024
Table 9. Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Production Value in Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory as of 2024)
Table 10. Global Market Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Average Price by Manufacturers (US$/Ton) & (2020-2025)
Table 11. Global Key Manufacturers of Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory, Manufacturing Base Distribution and Headquarters
Table 12. Global Key Manufacturers of Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory, Product Offered and Application
Table 13. Global Key Manufacturers of Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory, Date of Enter into This Industry
Table 14. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 15. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table 16. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production Value by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 17. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production Value (US$ Million) by Region (2020-2025)
Table 18. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production Value Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
Table 19. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production Value (US$ Million) Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
Table 20. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production Value Market Share Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
Table 21. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production Comparison by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (Kiloton)
Table 22. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production (Kiloton) by Region (2020-2025)
Table 23. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
Table 24. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production (Kiloton) Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
Table 25. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production Market Share Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
Table 26. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Market Average Price (US$/Ton) by Region (2020-2025)
Table 27. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Market Average Price (US$/Ton) by Region (2026-2031)
Table 28. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (Kiloton)
Table 29. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Consumption by Region (2020-2025) & (Kiloton)
Table 30. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Consumption Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
Table 31. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Forecasted Consumption by Region (2026-2031) & (Kiloton)
Table 32. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Forecasted Consumption Market Share by Region (2026-2031)
Table 33. North America Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (Kiloton)
Table 34. North America Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Consumption by Country (2020-2025) & (Kiloton)
Table 35. North America Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Consumption by Country (2026-2031) & (Kiloton)
Table 36. Europe Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (Kiloton)
Table 37. Europe Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Consumption by Country (2020-2025) & (Kiloton)
Table 38. Europe Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Consumption by Country (2026-2031) & (Kiloton)
Table 39. Asia Pacific Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (Kiloton)
Table 40. Asia Pacific Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Consumption by Region (2020-2025) & (Kiloton)
Table 41. Asia Pacific Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Consumption by Region (2026-2031) & (Kiloton)
Table 42. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (Kiloton)
Table 43. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Consumption by Country (2020-2025) & (Kiloton)
Table 44. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Consumption by Country (2026-2031) & (Kiloton)
Table 45. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production (Kiloton) by Type (2020-2025)
Table 46. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production (Kiloton) by Type (2026-2031)
Table 47. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production Market Share by Type (2020-2025)
Table 48. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production Market Share by Type (2026-2031)
Table 49. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production Value (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2025)
Table 50. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production Value (US$ Million) by Type (2026-2031)
Table 51. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production Value Market Share by Type (2020-2025)
Table 52. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production Value Market Share by Type (2026-2031)
Table 53. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Price (US$/Ton) by Type (2020-2025)
Table 54. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Price (US$/Ton) by Type (2026-2031)
Table 55. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production (Kiloton) by Application (2020-2025)
Table 56. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production (Kiloton) by Application (2026-2031)
Table 57. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production Market Share by Application (2020-2025)
Table 58. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production Market Share by Application (2026-2031)
Table 59. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production Value (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2025)
Table 60. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production Value (US$ Million) by Application (2026-2031)
Table 61. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production Value Market Share by Application (2020-2025)
Table 62. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production Value Market Share by Application (2026-2031)
Table 63. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Price (US$/Ton) by Application (2020-2025)
Table 64. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Price (US$/Ton) by Application (2026-2031)
Table 65. Nasco Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Company Information
Table 66. Nasco Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Specification and Application
Table 67. Nasco Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production (Kiloton), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 68. Nasco Main Business and Markets Served
Table 69. Nasco Recent Developments/Updates
Table 70. Ward’s Science Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Company Information
Table 71. Ward’s Science Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Specification and Application
Table 72. Ward’s Science Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production (Kiloton), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 73. Ward’s Science Main Business and Markets Served
Table 74. Ward’s Science Recent Developments/Updates
Table 75. Uniflex Healthcare Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Company Information
Table 76. Uniflex Healthcare Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Specification and Application
Table 77. Uniflex Healthcare Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production (Kiloton), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 78. Uniflex Healthcare Main Business and Markets Served
Table 79. Uniflex Healthcare Recent Developments/Updates
Table 80. Thermo Fisher Scientific Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Company Information
Table 81. Thermo Fisher Scientific Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Specification and Application
Table 82. Thermo Fisher Scientific Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production (Kiloton), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 83. Thermo Fisher Scientific Main Business and Markets Served
Table 84. Thermo Fisher Scientific Recent Developments/Updates
Table 85. Labplas Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Company Information
Table 86. Labplas Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Specification and Application
Table 87. Labplas Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production (Kiloton), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 88. Labplas Main Business and Markets Served
Table 89. Labplas Recent Developments/Updates
Table 90. Inteplast Group Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Company Information
Table 91. Inteplast Group Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Specification and Application
Table 92. Inteplast Group Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production (Kiloton), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 93. Inteplast Group Main Business and Markets Served
Table 94. Inteplast Group Recent Developments/Updates
Table 95. Dinovagroup Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Company Information
Table 96. Dinovagroup Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Specification and Application
Table 97. Dinovagroup Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production (Kiloton), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 98. Dinovagroup Main Business and Markets Served
Table 99. Dinovagroup Recent Developments/Updates
Table 100. Corning Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Company Information
Table 101. Corning Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Specification and Application
Table 102. Corning Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production (Kiloton), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 103. Corning Main Business and Markets Served
Table 104. Corning Recent Developments/Updates
Table 105. Com-Pac International Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Company Information
Table 106. Com-Pac International Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Specification and Application
Table 107. Com-Pac International Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production (Kiloton), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 108. Com-Pac International Main Business and Markets Served
Table 109. Com-Pac International Recent Developments/Updates
Table 110. 3M Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Company Information
Table 111. 3M Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Specification and Application
Table 112. 3M Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production (Kiloton), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 113. 3M Main Business and Markets Served
Table 114. 3M Recent Developments/Updates
Table 115. AMPAC Holdings LLC Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Company Information
Table 116. AMPAC Holdings LLC Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Specification and Application
Table 117. AMPAC Holdings LLC Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production (Kiloton), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 118. AMPAC Holdings LLC Main Business and Markets Served
Table 119. AMPAC Holdings LLC Recent Developments/Updates
Table 120. American Precision Plastics Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Company Information
Table 121. American Precision Plastics Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Specification and Application
Table 122. American Precision Plastics Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production (Kiloton), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 123. American Precision Plastics Main Business and Markets Served
Table 124. American Precision Plastics Recent Developments/Updates
Table 125. Burkle GmbH Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Company Information
Table 126. Burkle GmbH Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Specification and Application
Table 127. Burkle GmbH Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production (Kiloton), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 128. Burkle GmbH Main Business and Markets Served
Table 129. Burkle GmbH Recent Developments/Updates
Table 130. MTC Bio Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Company Information
Table 131. MTC Bio Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Specification and Application
Table 132. MTC Bio Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production (Kiloton), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 133. MTC Bio Main Business and Markets Served
Table 134. MTC Bio Recent Developments/Updates
Table 135. Seward Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Company Information
Table 136. Seward Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Specification and Application
Table 137. Seward Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production (Kiloton), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 138. Seward Main Business and Markets Served
Table 139. Seward Recent Developments/Updates
Table 140. Key Raw Materials Lists
Table 141. Raw Materials Key Suppliers Lists
Table 142. Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Distributors List
Table 143. Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Customers List
Table 144. Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Market Trends
Table 145. Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Market Drivers
Table 146. Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Market Challenges
Table 147. Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Market Restraints
Table 148. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 149. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 150. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
Table 151. Authors List of This Report
List of Figures
Figure 1. Product Picture of Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory
Figure 2. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Market Value by Type, (US$ Million) & (2020-2031)
Figure 3. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Market Share by Type: 2024 VS 2031
Figure 4. Below 400 ml Product Picture
Figure 5. 400-1000 ml Product Picture
Figure 6. 1000-1500 ml Product Picture
Figure 7. Above 1500 ml Product Picture
Figure 8. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Market Value by Application, (US$ Million) & (2020-2031)
Figure 9. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Market Share by Application: 2024 VS 2031
Figure 10. Small and Medium Agricultural Laboratory
Figure 11. Large Agricultural Laboratory
Figure 12. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production Value (US$ Million), 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 13. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production Value (US$ Million) & (2020-2031)
Figure 14. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production Capacity (Kiloton) & (2020-2031)
Figure 15. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production (Kiloton) & (2020-2031)
Figure 16. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Average Price (US$/Ton) & (2020-2031)
Figure 17. Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Report Years Considered
Figure 18. Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production Share by Manufacturers in 2024
Figure 19. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production Value Share by Manufacturers (2024)
Figure 20. Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3): 2020 VS 2024
Figure 21. The Global 5 and 10 Largest Players: Market Share by Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Revenue in 2024
Figure 22. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production Value by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 23. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production Value Market Share by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 24. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production Comparison by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (Kiloton)
Figure 25. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production Market Share by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 26. North America Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 27. Europe Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 28. China Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 29. Japan Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 30. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Consumption by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (Kiloton)
Figure 31. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Consumption Market Share by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 32. North America Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Kiloton)
Figure 33. North America Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Consumption Market Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 34. U.S. Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Kiloton)
Figure 35. Canada Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Kiloton)
Figure 36. Europe Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Kiloton)
Figure 37. Europe Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Consumption Market Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 38. Germany Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Kiloton)
Figure 39. France Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Kiloton)
Figure 40. U.K. Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Kiloton)
Figure 41. Italy Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Kiloton)
Figure 42. Russia Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Kiloton)
Figure 43. Asia Pacific Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Kiloton)
Figure 44. Asia Pacific Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Consumption Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 45. China Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Kiloton)
Figure 46. Japan Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Kiloton)
Figure 47. South Korea Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Kiloton)
Figure 48. China Taiwan Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Kiloton)
Figure 49. Southeast Asia Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Kiloton)
Figure 50. India Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Kiloton)
Figure 51. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Kiloton)
Figure 52. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Consumption Market Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 53. Mexico Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Kiloton)
Figure 54. Brazil Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Kiloton)
Figure 55. Turkey Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Kiloton)
Figure 56. GCC Countries Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Kiloton)
Figure 57. Global Production Market Share of Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 58. Global Production Value Market Share of Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 59. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Price (US$/Ton) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 60. Global Production Market Share of Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 61. Global Production Value Market Share of Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 62. Global Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Price (US$/Ton) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 63. Aseptic Plastic Bag for Agricultural Laboratory Value Chain
Figure 64. Channels of Distribution (Direct Vs Distribution)
Figure 65. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 66. Data Triangulation
