List of Tables
Table 1. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Market Value by Type (US$ Million), 2025 vs 2032
Table 2. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Market Value by Application (US$ Million), 2025 vs 2032
Table 3. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production Capacity (K Units) by Manufacturers in 2025
Table 4. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production by Manufacturers (K Units), 2021–2026
Table 5. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2021–2026)
Table 6. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production Value by Manufacturers (US$ Million), 2021–2026
Table 7. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production Value Share by Manufacturers (2021–2026)
Table 8. Global Key Players of Intelligent Autonomous Vessel, Industry Ranking, 2024 vs 2025
Table 9. Classification of Companies by Tier (Tier 1, Tier 2, Tier 3), based on Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production Value, 2025
Table 10. Global Market Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Average Price by Manufacturers (US$/Unit), 2021–2026
Table 11. Global Key Manufacturers of Intelligent Autonomous Vessel, Manufacturing Footprints and Headquarters
Table 12. Global Key Manufacturers of Intelligent Autonomous Vessel, Product Offerings and Applications
Table 13. Global Key Manufacturers of Intelligent Autonomous Vessel, Date of Entry into the Industry
Table 14. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 15. Mergers & Acquisitions and Expansion Plans
Table 16. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production Value by Region: 2021 vs 2025 vs 2032 (US$ Million)
Table 17. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production Value (US$ Million) by Region (2021–2026)
Table 18. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production Value Market Share by Region (2021–2026)
Table 19. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production Value (US$ Million) Forecast by Region (2027–2032)
Table 20. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production Value Market Share Forecast by Region (2027–2032)
Table 21. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production Comparison by Region: 2021 vs 2025 vs 2032 (K Units)
Table 22. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production (K Units) by Region (2021–2026)
Table 23. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production Market Share by Region (2021–2026)
Table 24. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production (K Units) Forecast by Region (2027–2032)
Table 25. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production Market Share Forecast by Region (2027–2032)
Table 26. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Market Average Price (US$/Unit) by Region (2021–2026)
Table 27. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Market Average Price (US$/Unit) by Region (2027–2032)
Table 28. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2021 vs 2025 vs 2032 (K Units)
Table 29. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Consumption by Region (K Units), 2021–2026
Table 30. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Consumption Market Share by Region (2021–2026)
Table 31. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Forecasted Consumption by Region (K Units), 2027–2032
Table 32. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Forecasted Consumption Market Share by Region (2027–2032)
Table 33. North America Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2021 vs 2025 vs 2032 (K Units)
Table 34. North America Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Consumption by Country (K Units), 2021–2026
Table 35. North America Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Consumption by Country (K Units), 2027–2032
Table 36. Europe Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2021 vs 2025 vs 2032 (K Units)
Table 37. Europe Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Consumption by Country (K Units), 2021–2026
Table 38. Europe Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Consumption by Country (K Units), 2027–2032
Table 39. Asia Pacific Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2021 vs 2025 vs 2032 (K Units)
Table 40. Asia Pacific Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Consumption by Region (K Units), 2021–2026
Table 41. Asia Pacific Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Consumption by Region (K Units), 2027–2032
Table 42. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2021 vs 2025 vs 2032 (K Units)
Table 43. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Consumption by Country (K Units), 2021–2026
Table 44. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Consumption by Country (K Units), 2027–2032
Table 45. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production (K Units) by Type (2021–2026)
Table 46. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production (K Units) by Type (2027–2032)
Table 47. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production Market Share by Type (2021–2026)
Table 48. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production Market Share by Type (2027–2032)
Table 49. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production Value (US$ Million) by Type (2021–2026)
Table 50. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production Value (US$ Million) by Type (2027–2032)
Table 51. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production Value Market Share by Type (2021–2026)
Table 52. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production Value Market Share by Type (2027–2032)
Table 53. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Price (US$/Unit) by Type (2021–2026)
Table 54. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Price (US$/Unit) by Type (2027–2032)
Table 55. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production (K Units) by Application (2021–2026)
Table 56. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production (K Units) by Application (2027–2032)
Table 57. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production Market Share by Application (2021–2026)
Table 58. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production Market Share by Application (2027–2032)
Table 59. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production Value (US$ Million) by Application (2021–2026)
Table 60. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production Value (US$ Million) by Application (2027–2032)
Table 61. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production Value Market Share by Application (2021–2026)
Table 62. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production Value Market Share by Application (2027–2032)
Table 63. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Price (US$/Unit) by Application (2021–2026)
Table 64. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Price (US$/Unit) by Application (2027–2032)
Table 65. Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd. Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Company Information
Table 66. Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd. Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Specification and Application
Table 67. Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd. Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021–2026)
Table 68. Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd. Main Business and Markets Served
Table 69. Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd. Recent Developments/Updates
Table 70. Elbit Systems Ltd Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Company Information
Table 71. Elbit Systems Ltd Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Specification and Application
Table 72. Elbit Systems Ltd Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021–2026)
Table 73. Elbit Systems Ltd Main Business and Markets Served
Table 74. Elbit Systems Ltd Recent Developments/Updates
Table 75. Effebi Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Company Information
Table 76. Effebi Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Specification and Application
Table 77. Effebi Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021–2026)
Table 78. Effebi Main Business and Markets Served
Table 79. Effebi Recent Developments/Updates
Table 80. ASV Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Company Information
Table 81. ASV Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Specification and Application
Table 82. ASV Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021–2026)
Table 83. ASV Global Main Business and Markets Served
Table 84. ASV Global Recent Developments/Updates
Table 85. Eca Group Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Company Information
Table 86. Eca Group Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Specification and Application
Table 87. Eca Group Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021–2026)
Table 88. Eca Group Main Business and Markets Served
Table 89. Eca Group Recent Developments/Updates
Table 90. Oceanalpha Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Company Information
Table 91. Oceanalpha Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Specification and Application
Table 92. Oceanalpha Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021–2026)
Table 93. Oceanalpha Main Business and Markets Served
Table 94. Oceanalpha Recent Developments/Updates
Table 95. Northrop Grumman Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Company Information
Table 96. Northrop Grumman Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Specification and Application
Table 97. Northrop Grumman Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021–2026)
Table 98. Northrop Grumman Main Business and Markets Served
Table 99. Northrop Grumman Recent Developments/Updates
Table 100. AURORA (DALIAN) Yachts Co., Ltd. Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Company Information
Table 101. AURORA (DALIAN) Yachts Co., Ltd. Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Specification and Application
Table 102. AURORA (DALIAN) Yachts Co., Ltd. Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021–2026)
Table 103. AURORA (DALIAN) Yachts Co., Ltd. Main Business and Markets Served
Table 104. AURORA (DALIAN) Yachts Co., Ltd. Recent Developments/Updates
Table 105. Liquid Robotics Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Company Information
Table 106. Liquid Robotics Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Specification and Application
Table 107. Liquid Robotics Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021–2026)
Table 108. Liquid Robotics Main Business and Markets Served
Table 109. Liquid Robotics Recent Developments/Updates
Table 110. Zhuhai Yunzhou Intelligence Technology Co. Ltd. Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Company Information
Table 111. Zhuhai Yunzhou Intelligence Technology Co. Ltd. Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Specification and Application
Table 112. Zhuhai Yunzhou Intelligence Technology Co. Ltd. Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021–2026)
Table 113. Zhuhai Yunzhou Intelligence Technology Co. Ltd. Main Business and Markets Served
Table 114. Zhuhai Yunzhou Intelligence Technology Co. Ltd. Recent Developments/Updates
Table 115. Taizhou Jinhaiyun Vessel Facility Co., Ltd. Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Company Information
Table 116. Taizhou Jinhaiyun Vessel Facility Co., Ltd. Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Specification and Application
Table 117. Taizhou Jinhaiyun Vessel Facility Co., Ltd. Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021–2026)
Table 118. Taizhou Jinhaiyun Vessel Facility Co., Ltd. Main Business and Markets Served
Table 119. Taizhou Jinhaiyun Vessel Facility Co., Ltd. Recent Developments/Updates
Table 120. Shanghai Huace Navigation Technology Ltd Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Company Information
Table 121. Shanghai Huace Navigation Technology Ltd Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Specification and Application
Table 122. Shanghai Huace Navigation Technology Ltd Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021–2026)
Table 123. Shanghai Huace Navigation Technology Ltd Main Business and Markets Served
Table 124. Shanghai Huace Navigation Technology Ltd Recent Developments/Updates
Table 125. Beijing Highlander Digital Technology Co., Ltd. Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Company Information
Table 126. Beijing Highlander Digital Technology Co., Ltd. Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Specification and Application
Table 127. Beijing Highlander Digital Technology Co., Ltd. Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021–2026)
Table 128. Beijing Highlander Digital Technology Co., Ltd. Main Business and Markets Served
Table 129. Beijing Highlander Digital Technology Co., Ltd. Recent Developments/Updates
Table 130. Anhui COWIS Intelligence Technology Co., Ltd. Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Company Information
Table 131. Anhui COWIS Intelligence Technology Co., Ltd. Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Specification and Application
Table 132. Anhui COWIS Intelligence Technology Co., Ltd. Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021–2026)
Table 133. Anhui COWIS Intelligence Technology Co., Ltd. Main Business and Markets Served
Table 134. Anhui COWIS Intelligence Technology Co., Ltd. Recent Developments/Updates
Table 135. Shaanxi ORCA Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Company Information
Table 136. Shaanxi ORCA Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Specification and Application
Table 137. Shaanxi ORCA Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021–2026)
Table 138. Shaanxi ORCA Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. Main Business and Markets Served
Table 139. Shaanxi ORCA Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. Recent Developments/Updates
Table 140. Wuhan Laoleilvwan Marine Technology Co., Ltd. Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Company Information
Table 141. Wuhan Laoleilvwan Marine Technology Co., Ltd. Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Specification and Application
Table 142. Wuhan Laoleilvwan Marine Technology Co., Ltd. Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021–2026)
Table 143. Wuhan Laoleilvwan Marine Technology Co., Ltd. Main Business and Markets Served
Table 144. Wuhan Laoleilvwan Marine Technology Co., Ltd. Recent Developments/Updates
Table 145. Anhui Xinsichuang Technology Co., Ltd. Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Company Information
Table 146. Anhui Xinsichuang Technology Co., Ltd. Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Specification and Application
Table 147. Anhui Xinsichuang Technology Co., Ltd. Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021–2026)
Table 148. Anhui Xinsichuang Technology Co., Ltd. Main Business and Markets Served
Table 149. Anhui Xinsichuang Technology Co., Ltd. Recent Developments/Updates
Table 150. Guangzhou Star Shipping Technology Co., Ltd. Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Company Information
Table 151. Guangzhou Star Shipping Technology Co., Ltd. Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Specification and Application
Table 152. Guangzhou Star Shipping Technology Co., Ltd. Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021–2026)
Table 153. Guangzhou Star Shipping Technology Co., Ltd. Main Business and Markets Served
Table 154. Guangzhou Star Shipping Technology Co., Ltd. Recent Developments/Updates
Table 155. Guangzhou Tuolang Intelligent Emergency Technology Co., Ltd. Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Company Information
Table 156. Guangzhou Tuolang Intelligent Emergency Technology Co., Ltd. Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Specification and Application
Table 157. Guangzhou Tuolang Intelligent Emergency Technology Co., Ltd. Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021–2026)
Table 158. Guangzhou Tuolang Intelligent Emergency Technology Co., Ltd. Main Business and Markets Served
Table 159. Guangzhou Tuolang Intelligent Emergency Technology Co., Ltd. Recent Developments/Updates
Table 160. Key Raw Materials Lists
Table 161. Raw Materials Key Suppliers Lists
Table 162. Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Distributors List
Table 163. Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Customers List
Table 164. Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Market Trends
Table 165. Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Market Drivers
Table 166. Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Market Challenges
Table 167. Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Market Restraints
Table 168. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 169. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 170. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
Table 171. Authors List of This Report
List of Figures
Figure 1. Product Picture of Intelligent Autonomous Vessel
Figure 2. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Market Value by Type (US$ Million), 2021–2032
Figure 3. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Market Share by Type: 2025 vs 2032
Figure 4. Armed Attack Product Picture
Figure 5. Scout Patrol Product Picture
Figure 6. Transport Rescue Product Picture
Figure 7. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Market Value by Application (US$ Million), 2021–2032
Figure 8. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Market Share by Application: 2025 vs 2032
Figure 9. Marine Science and Research
Figure 10. Marine Exploration and Resource Development
Figure 11. Maritime Safety and Rescue
Figure 12. Others
Figure 13. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production Value (US$ Million), 2021 vs 2025 vs 2032
Figure 14. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production Value (US$ Million), 2021–2032
Figure 15. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production Capacity (K Units), 2021–2032
Figure 16. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production (K Units), 2021–2032
Figure 17. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Average Price (US$/Unit), 2021–2032
Figure 18. Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Report Years Considered
Figure 19. Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production Share by Manufacturers in 2025
Figure 20. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production Value Share by Manufacturers (2025)
Figure 21. Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3): 2021 vs 2025
Figure 22. Top 5 and Top 10 Global Players: Market Share by Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Revenue in 2025
Figure 23. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production Value by Region: 2021 vs 2025 vs 2032 (US$ Million)
Figure 24. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production Value Market Share by Region: 2021 vs 2025 vs 2032
Figure 25. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production Comparison by Region: 2021 vs 2025 vs 2032 (K Units)
Figure 26. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production Market Share by Region: 2021 vs 2025 vs 2032
Figure 27. North America Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2021–2032)
Figure 28. Europe Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2021–2032)
Figure 29. China Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2021–2032)
Figure 30. Japan Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2021–2032)
Figure 31. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Consumption by Region: 2021 vs 2025 vs 2032 (K Units)
Figure 32. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Consumption Market Share by Region: 2021 vs 2025 vs 2032
Figure 33. North America Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Consumption and Growth Rate (K Units), 2021–2032
Figure 34. North America Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Consumption Market Share by Country (2021–2032)
Figure 35. U.S. Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Consumption and Growth Rate (K Units), 2021–2032
Figure 36. Canada Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Consumption and Growth Rate (K Units), 2021–2032
Figure 37. Europe Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Consumption and Growth Rate (K Units), 2021–2032
Figure 38. Europe Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Consumption Market Share by Country (2021–2032)
Figure 39. Germany Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Consumption and Growth Rate (K Units), 2021–2032
Figure 40. France Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Consumption and Growth Rate (K Units), 2021–2032
Figure 41. U.K. Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Consumption and Growth Rate (K Units), 2021–2032
Figure 42. Italy Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Consumption and Growth Rate (K Units), 2021–2032
Figure 43. Russia Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Consumption and Growth Rate (K Units), 2021–2032
Figure 44. Asia Pacific Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Consumption and Growth Rate (K Units), 2021–2032
Figure 45. Asia Pacific Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Consumption Market Share by Region (2021–2032)
Figure 46. China Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Consumption and Growth Rate (K Units), 2021–2032
Figure 47. Japan Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Consumption and Growth Rate (K Units), 2021–2032
Figure 48. South Korea Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Consumption and Growth Rate (K Units), 2021–2032
Figure 49. China Taiwan Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Consumption and Growth Rate (K Units), 2021–2032
Figure 50. Southeast Asia Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Consumption and Growth Rate (K Units), 2021–2032
Figure 51. India Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Consumption and Growth Rate (K Units), 2021–2032
Figure 52. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Consumption and Growth Rate (K Units), 2021–2032
Figure 53. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Consumption Market Share by Country (2021–2032)
Figure 54. Mexico Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Consumption and Growth Rate (K Units), 2021–2032
Figure 55. Brazil Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Consumption and Growth Rate (K Units), 2021–2032
Figure 56. Turkey Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Consumption and Growth Rate (K Units), 2021–2032
Figure 57. GCC Countries Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Consumption and Growth Rate (K Units), 2021–2032
Figure 58. Global Production Market Share of Intelligent Autonomous Vessel by Type (2021–2032)
Figure 59. Global Production Value Market Share of Intelligent Autonomous Vessel by Type (2021–2032)
Figure 60. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Price (US$/Unit) by Type (2021–2032)
Figure 61. Global Production Market Share of Intelligent Autonomous Vessel by Application (2021–2032)
Figure 62. Global Production Value Market Share of Intelligent Autonomous Vessel by Application (2021–2032)
Figure 63. Global Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Price (US$/Unit) by Application (2021–2032)
Figure 64. Intelligent Autonomous Vessel Value Chain
Figure 65. Channels of Distribution (Direct Vs Distribution)
Figure 66. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 67. Data Triangulation
