List of Tables
Table 1. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Market Value by Type, (US$ Million) & (2024 VS 2031)
Table 2. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Market Value by Application, (US$ Million) & (2024 VS 2031)
Table 3. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production Capacity (Units) by Manufacturers in 2024
Table 4. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (Units)
Table 5. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 6. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production Value by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 7. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production Value Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 8. Global Key Players of Semi-automatic NDT Scanner, Industry Ranking, 2023 VS 2024
Table 9. Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Production Value in Semi-automatic NDT Scanner as of 2024)
Table 10. Global Market Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Average Price by Manufacturers (US$/Unit) & (2020-2025)
Table 11. Global Key Manufacturers of Semi-automatic NDT Scanner, Manufacturing Base Distribution and Headquarters
Table 12. Global Key Manufacturers of Semi-automatic NDT Scanner, Product Offered and Application
Table 13. Global Key Manufacturers of Semi-automatic NDT Scanner, Date of Enter into This Industry
Table 14. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 15. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table 16. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production Value by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 17. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production Value (US$ Million) by Region (2020-2025)
Table 18. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production Value Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
Table 19. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production Value (US$ Million) Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
Table 20. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production Value Market Share Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
Table 21. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production Comparison by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (Units)
Table 22. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production (Units) by Region (2020-2025)
Table 23. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
Table 24. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production (Units) Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
Table 25. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production Market Share Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
Table 26. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Market Average Price (US$/Unit) by Region (2020-2025)
Table 27. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Market Average Price (US$/Unit) by Region (2026-2031)
Table 28. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (Units)
Table 29. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Consumption by Region (2020-2025) & (Units)
Table 30. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Consumption Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
Table 31. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Forecasted Consumption by Region (2026-2031) & (Units)
Table 32. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Forecasted Consumption Market Share by Region (2026-2031)
Table 33. North America Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (Units)
Table 34. North America Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Consumption by Country (2020-2025) & (Units)
Table 35. North America Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Consumption by Country (2026-2031) & (Units)
Table 36. Europe Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (Units)
Table 37. Europe Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Consumption by Country (2020-2025) & (Units)
Table 38. Europe Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Consumption by Country (2026-2031) & (Units)
Table 39. Asia Pacific Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (Units)
Table 40. Asia Pacific Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Consumption by Region (2020-2025) & (Units)
Table 41. Asia Pacific Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Consumption by Region (2026-2031) & (Units)
Table 42. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (Units)
Table 43. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Consumption by Country (2020-2025) & (Units)
Table 44. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Consumption by Country (2026-2031) & (Units)
Table 45. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production (Units) by Type (2020-2025)
Table 46. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production (Units) by Type (2026-2031)
Table 47. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production Market Share by Type (2020-2025)
Table 48. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production Market Share by Type (2026-2031)
Table 49. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production Value (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2025)
Table 50. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production Value (US$ Million) by Type (2026-2031)
Table 51. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production Value Market Share by Type (2020-2025)
Table 52. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production Value Market Share by Type (2026-2031)
Table 53. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Price (US$/Unit) by Type (2020-2025)
Table 54. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Price (US$/Unit) by Type (2026-2031)
Table 55. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production (Units) by Application (2020-2025)
Table 56. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production (Units) by Application (2026-2031)
Table 57. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production Market Share by Application (2020-2025)
Table 58. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production Market Share by Application (2026-2031)
Table 59. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production Value (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2025)
Table 60. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production Value (US$ Million) by Application (2026-2031)
Table 61. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production Value Market Share by Application (2020-2025)
Table 62. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production Value Market Share by Application (2026-2031)
Table 63. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Price (US$/Unit) by Application (2020-2025)
Table 64. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Price (US$/Unit) by Application (2026-2031)
Table 65. Olympus Corporation Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Company Information
Table 66. Olympus Corporation Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Specification and Application
Table 67. Olympus Corporation Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production (Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 68. Olympus Corporation Main Business and Markets Served
Table 69. Olympus Corporation Recent Developments/Updates
Table 70. Baker Hughes Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Company Information
Table 71. Baker Hughes Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Specification and Application
Table 72. Baker Hughes Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production (Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 73. Baker Hughes Main Business and Markets Served
Table 74. Baker Hughes Recent Developments/Updates
Table 75. Sonatest Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Company Information
Table 76. Sonatest Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Specification and Application
Table 77. Sonatest Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production (Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 78. Sonatest Main Business and Markets Served
Table 79. Sonatest Recent Developments/Updates
Table 80. Zetec Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Company Information
Table 81. Zetec Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Specification and Application
Table 82. Zetec Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production (Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 83. Zetec Main Business and Markets Served
Table 84. Zetec Recent Developments/Updates
Table 85. Eddyfi Technologies Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Company Information
Table 86. Eddyfi Technologies Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Specification and Application
Table 87. Eddyfi Technologies Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production (Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 88. Eddyfi Technologies Main Business and Markets Served
Table 89. Eddyfi Technologies Recent Developments/Updates
Table 90. NDT Systems Inc. Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Company Information
Table 91. NDT Systems Inc. Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Specification and Application
Table 92. NDT Systems Inc. Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production (Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 93. NDT Systems Inc. Main Business and Markets Served
Table 94. NDT Systems Inc. Recent Developments/Updates
Table 95. AUT Solutions Group Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Company Information
Table 96. AUT Solutions Group Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Specification and Application
Table 97. AUT Solutions Group Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production (Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 98. AUT Solutions Group Main Business and Markets Served
Table 99. AUT Solutions Group Recent Developments/Updates
Table 100. JIREH Industries Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Company Information
Table 101. JIREH Industries Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Specification and Application
Table 102. JIREH Industries Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production (Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 103. JIREH Industries Main Business and Markets Served
Table 104. JIREH Industries Recent Developments/Updates
Table 105. TecScan Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Company Information
Table 106. TecScan Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Specification and Application
Table 107. TecScan Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production (Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 108. TecScan Main Business and Markets Served
Table 109. TecScan Recent Developments/Updates
Table 110. Phoenix Inspection Systems Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Company Information
Table 111. Phoenix Inspection Systems Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Specification and Application
Table 112. Phoenix Inspection Systems Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production (Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 113. Phoenix Inspection Systems Main Business and Markets Served
Table 114. Phoenix Inspection Systems Recent Developments/Updates
Table 115. Kropus Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Company Information
Table 116. Kropus Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Specification and Application
Table 117. Kropus Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production (Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 118. Kropus Main Business and Markets Served
Table 119. Kropus Recent Developments/Updates
Table 120. Siui Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Company Information
Table 121. Siui Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Specification and Application
Table 122. Siui Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production (Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 123. Siui Main Business and Markets Served
Table 124. Siui Recent Developments/Updates
Table 125. Nantong YouLian Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Company Information
Table 126. Nantong YouLian Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Specification and Application
Table 127. Nantong YouLian Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production (Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 128. Nantong YouLian Main Business and Markets Served
Table 129. Nantong YouLian Recent Developments/Updates
Table 130. Doppler Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Company Information
Table 131. Doppler Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Specification and Application
Table 132. Doppler Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production (Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 133. Doppler Main Business and Markets Served
Table 134. Doppler Recent Developments/Updates
Table 135. Sonotron NDT Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Company Information
Table 136. Sonotron NDT Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Specification and Application
Table 137. Sonotron NDT Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production (Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 138. Sonotron NDT Main Business and Markets Served
Table 139. Sonotron NDT Recent Developments/Updates
Table 140. Karldeutsch Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Company Information
Table 141. Karldeutsch Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Specification and Application
Table 142. Karldeutsch Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production (Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 143. Karldeutsch Main Business and Markets Served
Table 144. Karldeutsch Recent Developments/Updates
Table 145. Proceq Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Company Information
Table 146. Proceq Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Specification and Application
Table 147. Proceq Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production (Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 148. Proceq Main Business and Markets Served
Table 149. Proceq Recent Developments/Updates
Table 150. Ryoden Shonan Electronics Corp. Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Company Information
Table 151. Ryoden Shonan Electronics Corp. Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Specification and Application
Table 152. Ryoden Shonan Electronics Corp. Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production (Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 153. Ryoden Shonan Electronics Corp. Main Business and Markets Served
Table 154. Ryoden Shonan Electronics Corp. Recent Developments/Updates
Table 155. Novotest Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Company Information
Table 156. Novotest Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Specification and Application
Table 157. Novotest Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production (Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 158. Novotest Main Business and Markets Served
Table 159. Novotest Recent Developments/Updates
Table 160. Dakota Ultrasonics Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Company Information
Table 161. Dakota Ultrasonics Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Specification and Application
Table 162. Dakota Ultrasonics Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production (Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 163. Dakota Ultrasonics Main Business and Markets Served
Table 164. Dakota Ultrasonics Recent Developments/Updates
Table 165. Mitech Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Company Information
Table 166. Mitech Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Specification and Application
Table 167. Mitech Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production (Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 168. Mitech Main Business and Markets Served
Table 169. Mitech Recent Developments/Updates
Table 170. Suzhou Fuerte Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Company Information
Table 171. Suzhou Fuerte Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Specification and Application
Table 172. Suzhou Fuerte Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production (Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 173. Suzhou Fuerte Main Business and Markets Served
Table 174. Suzhou Fuerte Recent Developments/Updates
Table 175. RDM Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Company Information
Table 176. RDM Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Specification and Application
Table 177. RDM Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production (Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 178. RDM Main Business and Markets Served
Table 179. RDM Recent Developments/Updates
Table 180. Zhongke Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Company Information
Table 181. Zhongke Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Specification and Application
Table 182. Zhongke Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production (Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 183. Zhongke Main Business and Markets Served
Table 184. Zhongke Recent Developments/Updates
Table 185. Goworld Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Company Information
Table 186. Goworld Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Specification and Application
Table 187. Goworld Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production (Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 188. Goworld Main Business and Markets Served
Table 189. Goworld Recent Developments/Updates
Table 190. Key Raw Materials Lists
Table 191. Raw Materials Key Suppliers Lists
Table 192. Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Distributors List
Table 193. Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Customers List
Table 194. Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Market Trends
Table 195. Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Market Drivers
Table 196. Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Market Challenges
Table 197. Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Market Restraints
Table 198. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 199. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 200. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
Table 201. Authors List of This Report
List of Figures
Figure 1. Product Picture of Semi-automatic NDT Scanner
Figure 2. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Market Value by Type, (US$ Million) & (2020-2031)
Figure 3. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Market Share by Type: 2024 VS 2031
Figure 4. Phased Array NDT Scanner Product Picture
Figure 5. TOFD NDT Scanner Product Picture
Figure 6. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Market Value by Application, (US$ Million) & (2020-2031)
Figure 7. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Market Share by Application: 2024 VS 2031
Figure 8. Metal
Figure 9. Aerospace
Figure 10. Industrial
Figure 11. Others
Figure 12. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production Value (US$ Million), 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 13. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production Value (US$ Million) & (2020-2031)
Figure 14. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production Capacity (Units) & (2020-2031)
Figure 15. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production (Units) & (2020-2031)
Figure 16. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Average Price (US$/Unit) & (2020-2031)
Figure 17. Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Report Years Considered
Figure 18. Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production Share by Manufacturers in 2024
Figure 19. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production Value Share by Manufacturers (2024)
Figure 20. Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3): 2020 VS 2024
Figure 21. The Global 5 and 10 Largest Players: Market Share by Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Revenue in 2024
Figure 22. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production Value by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 23. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production Value Market Share by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 24. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production Comparison by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (Units)
Figure 25. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production Market Share by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 26. North America Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 27. Europe Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 28. China Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 29. Japan Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 30. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Consumption by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (Units)
Figure 31. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Consumption Market Share by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 32. North America Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 33. North America Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Consumption Market Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 34. U.S. Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 35. Canada Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 36. Europe Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 37. Europe Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Consumption Market Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 38. Germany Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 39. France Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 40. U.K. Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 41. Italy Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 42. Netherlands Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 43. Asia Pacific Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 44. Asia Pacific Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Consumption Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 45. China Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 46. Japan Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 47. South Korea Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 48. China Taiwan Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 49. Southeast Asia Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 50. India Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 51. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 52. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Consumption Market Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 53. Mexico Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 54. Brazil Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 55. Turkey Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 56. GCC Countries Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 57. Global Production Market Share of Semi-automatic NDT Scanner by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 58. Global Production Value Market Share of Semi-automatic NDT Scanner by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 59. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Price (US$/Unit) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 60. Global Production Market Share of Semi-automatic NDT Scanner by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 61. Global Production Value Market Share of Semi-automatic NDT Scanner by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 62. Global Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Price (US$/Unit) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 63. Semi-automatic NDT Scanner Value Chain
Figure 64. Channels of Distribution (Direct Vs Distribution)
Figure 65. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 66. Data Triangulation
