List of Tables
Table 1. Global Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 2. Global Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 3. Global Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 4. Global Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Revenue by Region (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 5. Global Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Revenue by Region (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 6. Global Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Sales Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (Kilotons)
Table 7. Global Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Sales by Region (2020-2025) & (Kilotons)
Table 8. Global Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Sales by Region (2026-2031) & (Kilotons)
Table 9. Emerging Market Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) (US$ Million)
Table 10. Global Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Production Growth Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (Kilotons)
Table 11. Global Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Production by Region (2020-2025) & (Kilotons)
Table 12. Global Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Production by Region (2026-2031) & (Kilotons)
Table 13. Global Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Sales by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (Kilotons)
Table 14. Global Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Sales Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 15. Global Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Revenue by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 16. Global Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 17. Global Key Manufacturers’Ranking Shift (2023 vs. 2024) (Based on Revenue)
Table 18. Global Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil by Manufacturer Tier (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil as of 2024)
Table 19. Global Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Average Gross Margin (%) by Manufacturer (2020 VS 2024)
Table 20. Global Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Average Selling Price (ASP) by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (US$/Ton)
Table 21. Key Manufacturers Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Manufacturing Base and Headquarters
Table 22. Global Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 23. Key Market Entrant/Exit (2020-2024) – Drivers & Impact Analysis
Table 24. Key Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans, R&D Investment
Table 25. Global Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Sales by Type (2020-2025) & (Kilotons)
Table 26. Global Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Sales by Type (2026-2031) & (Kilotons)
Table 27. Global Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Revenue by Type (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 28. Global Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Revenue by Type (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 29. Global Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil ASP by Type (2020-2031) & (US$/Ton)
Table 30. Technical Specifications by Key Product Type
Table 31. Global Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Sales by Application (2020-2025) & (Kilotons)
Table 32. Global Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Sales by Application (2026-2031) & (Kilotons)
Table 33. Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil High-Growth Sectors Demand CAGR (2024-2031)
Table 34. Global Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Revenue by Application (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 35. Global Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Revenue by Application (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 36. Global Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil ASP by Application (2020-2031) & (US$/Ton)
Table 37. Top Customers by Region
Table 38. Top Customers by Application
Table 39. North America Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Growth Accelerators and Market Barriers
Table 40. North America Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) (US$ Million)
Table 41. North America Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Sales (Kilotons) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
Table 42. Europe Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Growth Accelerators and Market Barriers
Table 43. Europe Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 44. Europe Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Sales (Kilotons) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
Table 45. Asia-Pacific Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 46. Asia-Pacific Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Sales (Kilotons) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
Table 47. Asia-Pacific Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Growth Accelerators and Market Barriers
Table 48. Southeast Asia Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 49. Central and South America Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Investment Opportunities and Key Challenges
Table 50. Central and South America Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) (US$ Million)
Table 51. Middle East and Africa Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Investment Opportunities and Key Challenges
Table 52. Middle East and Africa Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) (US$ Million)
Table 53. UACJ Corporation Information
Table 54. UACJ Description and Major Businesses
Table 55. UACJ Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 56. UACJ Capacity, Sales (Kilotons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 57. UACJ Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 58. UACJ Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 59. UACJ Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 60. UACJ Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil SWOT Analysis
Table 61. UACJ Recent Developments
Table 62. Showa Denko Corporation Information
Table 63. Showa Denko Description and Major Businesses
Table 64. Showa Denko Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 65. Showa Denko Capacity, Sales (Kilotons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 66. Showa Denko Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 67. Showa Denko Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 68. Showa Denko Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 69. Showa Denko Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil SWOT Analysis
Table 70. Showa Denko Recent Developments
Table 71. NIPPON STEEL Corporation Information
Table 72. NIPPON STEEL Description and Major Businesses
Table 73. NIPPON STEEL Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 74. NIPPON STEEL Capacity, Sales (Kilotons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 75. NIPPON STEEL Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 76. NIPPON STEEL Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 77. NIPPON STEEL Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 78. NIPPON STEEL Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil SWOT Analysis
Table 79. NIPPON STEEL Recent Developments
Table 80. Toyo Aluminium Corporation Information
Table 81. Toyo Aluminium Description and Major Businesses
Table 82. Toyo Aluminium Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 83. Toyo Aluminium Capacity, Sales (Kilotons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 84. Toyo Aluminium Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 85. Toyo Aluminium Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 86. Toyo Aluminium Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 87. Toyo Aluminium Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil SWOT Analysis
Table 88. Toyo Aluminium Recent Developments
Table 89. LOTTE ALUMINIUM Corporation Information
Table 90. LOTTE ALUMINIUM Description and Major Businesses
Table 91. LOTTE ALUMINIUM Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 92. LOTTE ALUMINIUM Capacity, Sales (Kilotons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 93. LOTTE ALUMINIUM Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 94. LOTTE ALUMINIUM Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 95. LOTTE ALUMINIUM Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 96. LOTTE ALUMINIUM Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil SWOT Analysis
Table 97. LOTTE ALUMINIUM Recent Developments
Table 98. Dunmore Corporation Information
Table 99. Dunmore Description and Major Businesses
Table 100. Dunmore Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 101. Dunmore Capacity, Sales (Kilotons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 102. Dunmore Recent Developments
Table 103. Jiangsu Dingsheng new energy materials Corporation Information
Table 104. Jiangsu Dingsheng new energy materials Description and Major Businesses
Table 105. Jiangsu Dingsheng new energy materials Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 106. Jiangsu Dingsheng new energy materials Capacity, Sales (Kilotons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 107. Jiangsu Dingsheng new energy materials Recent Developments
Table 108. Guangdong Hec Technology Holding Corporation Information
Table 109. Guangdong Hec Technology Holding Description and Major Businesses
Table 110. Guangdong Hec Technology Holding Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 111. Guangdong Hec Technology Holding Capacity, Sales (Kilotons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 112. Guangdong Hec Technology Holding Recent Developments
Table 113. Yunnan Aluminium Corporation Information
Table 114. Yunnan Aluminium Description and Major Businesses
Table 115. Yunnan Aluminium Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 116. Yunnan Aluminium Capacity, Sales (Kilotons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 117. Yunnan Aluminium Recent Developments
Table 118. Xiamen Xiashun Aluminium Foil Corporation Information
Table 119. Xiamen Xiashun Aluminium Foil Description and Major Businesses
Table 120. Xiamen Xiashun Aluminium Foil Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 121. Xiamen Xiashun Aluminium Foil Capacity, Sales (Kilotons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 122. Xiamen Xiashun Aluminium Foil Recent Developments
Table 123. North China Aluminium Corporation Information
Table 124. North China Aluminium Description and Major Businesses
Table 125. North China Aluminium Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 126. North China Aluminium Capacity, Sales (Kilotons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 127. North China Aluminium Recent Developments
Table 128. Shandong Nanshan Aluminium Corporation Information
Table 129. Shandong Nanshan Aluminium Description and Major Businesses
Table 130. Shandong Nanshan Aluminium Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 131. Shandong Nanshan Aluminium Capacity, Sales (Kilotons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 132. Shandong Nanshan Aluminium Recent Developments
Table 133. Key Raw Materials Distribution
Table 134. Raw Materials Key Suppliers
Table 135. Critical Raw Material Supplier Concentration (2024) & Risk Index
Table 136. Milestones in Production Technology Evolution
Table 137. Distributors List
Table 138. Market Trends and Market Evolution
Table 139. Market Drivers and Opportunities
Table 140. Market Challenges, Risks, and Restraints
Table 141. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 142. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 143. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
List of Figures
Figure 1. Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Product Picture
Figure 2. Global Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 3. Below 10 um Product Picture
Figure 4. 10-12 um Product Picture
Figure 5. Above 12 um Product Picture
Figure 6. Global Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 7. Ternary Lithium Battery
Figure 8. Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery
Figure 9. Sodium Battery
Figure 10. Others
Figure 11. Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Report Years Considered
Figure 12. Global Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Revenue, (US$ Million), 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 13. Global Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 14. Global Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Revenue (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 15. Global Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Revenue Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 16. Global Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Sales (2020-2031) & (Kilotons)
Figure 17. Global Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Sales (CAGR) by Region (2020-2031) (Kilotons)
Figure 18. Global Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Sales Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 19. Global Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Capacity, Production and Utilization (2020-2031) & (Kilotons)
Figure 20. Global Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Production Trend by Region (2020-2031) (Kilotons)
Figure 21. Global Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Production Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 22. Production Capacity Enablers & Constraints
Figure 23. Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Production Growth Rate in North America (2020-2031) & (Kilotons)
Figure 24. Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Production Growth Rate in Europe (2020-2031) & (Kilotons)
Figure 25. Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Production Growth Rate in China (2020-2031) & (Kilotons)
Figure 26. Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Production Growth Rate in Japan (2020-2031) & (Kilotons)
Figure 27. Top 5 and Top 10 Manufacturers Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Sales Volume Market Share in 2024
Figure 28. Global Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Revenue Market Share Ranking (2024)
Figure 29. Tier Distribution by Revenue Contribution (2020 VS 2024)
Figure 30. Below 10 um Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 31. 10-12 um Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 32. Above 12 um Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 33. Type Eight Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 34. Type Nine Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 35. Global Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Sales Market Share by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 36. Global Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Revenue Market Share by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 37. Global Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Sales Market Share by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 38. Global Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Revenue Market Share by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 39. North America Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (Kilotons)
Figure 40. North America Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 41. North America Top 5 Manufacturers Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 42. North America Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Sales Volume (Kilotons) by Type (2020- 2031)
Figure 43. North America Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020 - 2031)
Figure 44. North America Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Sales Volume (Kilotons) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 45. North America Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 46. US Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 47. Canada Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 48. Mexico Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 49. Europe Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (Kilotons)
Figure 50. Europe Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 51. Europe Top 5 Manufacturers Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 52. Europe Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Sales Volume (Kilotons) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 53. Europe Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 54. Europe Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Sales Volume (Kilotons) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 55. Europe Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 56. Germany Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 57. France Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 58. U.K. Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 59. Italy Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 60. Russia Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 61. Asia-Pacific Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (Kilotons)
Figure 62. Asia-Pacific Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 63. Asia-Pacific Top 8 Manufacturers Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 64. Asia-Pacific Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Sales Volume (Kilotons) by Type (2020- 2031)
Figure 65. Asia-Pacific Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020- 2031)
Figure 66. Asia-Pacific Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Sales Volume (Kilotons) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 67. Asia-Pacific Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 68. Indonesia Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 69. Japan Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 70. South Korea Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 71. China Taiwan Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 72. India Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 73. Central and South America Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (Kilotons)
Figure 74. Central and South America Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 75. Central and South America Top 5 Manufacturers Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 76. Central and South America Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Sales Volume (Kilotons) by Type (2021-2031)
Figure 77. Central and South America Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 78. Central and South America Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Sales Volume (Kilotons) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 79. Central and South America Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 80. Brazil Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 81. Argentina Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 82. Middle East, and Africa Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (Kilotons)
Figure 83. Middle East and Africa Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 84. Middle East and Africa Top 5 Manufacturers Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 85. Middle East and Africa Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Sales Volume (Kilotons) by Type (2021-2031)
Figure 86. South America Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 87. Middle East and Africa Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Sales Volume (Kilotons) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 88. Middle East and Africa Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 89. GCC Countries Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 90. Turkey Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 91. Egypt Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 92. South Africa Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 93. Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Industry Chain Mapping
Figure 94. Regional Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Manufacturing Base Distribution (%)
Figure 95. Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Production Process
Figure 96. Regional Lithium Battery Cathode Aluminum Foil Production Cost Structure
Figure 97. Channels of Distribution (Direct Vs Distribution)
Figure 98. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 99. Data Triangulation
Figure 100. Key Executives Interviewed