List of Tables
Table 1. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Market Value by Type, (US$ Million) & (2023 VS 2030)
Table 2. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Market Value by Application, (US$ Million) & (2023 VS 2030)
Table 3. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production by Manufacturers (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 4. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
Table 5. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production Value by Manufacturers (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 6. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production Value Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
Table 7. Global Key Players of Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine, Industry Ranking, 2022 VS 2023
Table 8. Global Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Production Value in Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine as of 2023)
Table 9. Global Market Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Average Price by Manufacturers (US$/Unit) & (2019-2024)
Table 10. Global Key Manufacturers of Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine, Manufacturing Sites & Headquarters
Table 11. Global Key Manufacturers of Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine, Product Type & Application
Table 12. Global Key Manufacturers of Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine, Date of Enter into This Industry
Table 13. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 14. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table 15. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production Value Growth Rate by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Table 16. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production Value (US$ Million) by Region (2019-2024)
Table 17. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production Value Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table 18. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production Value (US$ Million) Forecast by Region (2025-2030)
Table 19. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production Value Market Share Forecast by Region (2025-2030)
Table 20. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production Comparison by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (K Units)
Table 21. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production (K Units) by Region (2019-2024)
Table 22. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table 23. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production (K Units) Forecast by Region (2025-2030)
Table 24. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production Market Share Forecast by Region (2025-2030)
Table 25. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Market Average Price (US$/Unit) by Region (2019-2024)
Table 26. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Market Average Price (US$/Unit) by Region (2025-2030)
Table 27. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (K Units)
Table 28. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Consumption by Region (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 29. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Consumption Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table 30. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Forecasted Consumption by Region (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 31. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Forecasted Consumption Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table 32. North America Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (K Units)
Table 33. North America Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Consumption by Country (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 34. North America Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Consumption by Country (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 35. Europe Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (K Units)
Table 36. Europe Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Consumption by Country (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 37. Europe Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Consumption by Country (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 38. Asia Pacific Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (K Units)
Table 39. Asia Pacific Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Consumption by Region (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 40. Asia Pacific Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Consumption by Region (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 41. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (K Units)
Table 42. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Consumption by Country (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 43. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Consumption by Country (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 44. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production (K Units) by Type (2019-2024)
Table 45. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production (K Units) by Type (2025-2030)
Table 46. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production Market Share by Type (2019-2024)
Table 47. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production Market Share by Type (2025-2030)
Table 48. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production Value (US$ Million) by Type (2019-2024)
Table 49. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production Value (US$ Million) by Type (2025-2030)
Table 50. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production Value Market Share by Type (2019-2024)
Table 51. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production Value Market Share by Type (2025-2030)
Table 52. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Price (US$/Unit) by Type (2019-2024)
Table 53. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Price (US$/Unit) by Type (2025-2030)
Table 54. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production (K Units) by Application (2019-2024)
Table 55. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production (K Units) by Application (2025-2030)
Table 56. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production Market Share by Application (2019-2024)
Table 57. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production Market Share by Application (2025-2030)
Table 58. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production Value (US$ Million) by Application (2019-2024)
Table 59. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production Value (US$ Million) by Application (2025-2030)
Table 60. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production Value Market Share by Application (2019-2024)
Table 61. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production Value Market Share by Application (2025-2030)
Table 62. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Price (US$/Unit) by Application (2019-2024)
Table 63. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Price (US$/Unit) by Application (2025-2030)
Table 64. Graham Engineering Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Company Information
Table 65. Graham Engineering Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Specification and Application
Table 66. Graham Engineering Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 67. Graham Engineering Main Business and Markets Served
Table 68. Graham Engineering Recent Developments/Updates
Table 69. Krones Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Company Information
Table 70. Krones Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Specification and Application
Table 71. Krones Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 72. Krones Main Business and Markets Served
Table 73. Krones Recent Developments/Updates
Table 74. Bekum Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Company Information
Table 75. Bekum Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Specification and Application
Table 76. Bekum Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 77. Bekum Main Business and Markets Served
Table 78. Bekum Recent Developments/Updates
Table 79. Sidel (Tetra Laval) Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Company Information
Table 80. Sidel (Tetra Laval) Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Specification and Application
Table 81. Sidel (Tetra Laval) Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 82. Sidel (Tetra Laval) Main Business and Markets Served
Table 83. Sidel (Tetra Laval) Recent Developments/Updates
Table 84. SMF Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Company Information
Table 85. SMF Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Specification and Application
Table 86. SMF Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 87. SMF Main Business and Markets Served
Table 88. SMF Recent Developments/Updates
Table 89. Techne Graham Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Company Information
Table 90. Techne Graham Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Specification and Application
Table 91. Techne Graham Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 92. Techne Graham Main Business and Markets Served
Table 93. Techne Graham Recent Developments/Updates
Table 94. Uniloy Milacron (Milacron) Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Company Information
Table 95. Uniloy Milacron (Milacron) Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Specification and Application
Table 96. Uniloy Milacron (Milacron) Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 97. Uniloy Milacron (Milacron) Main Business and Markets Served
Table 98. Uniloy Milacron (Milacron) Recent Developments/Updates
Table 99. Mauser Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Company Information
Table 100. Mauser Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Specification and Application
Table 101. Mauser Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 102. Mauser Main Business and Markets Served
Table 103. Mauser Recent Developments/Updates
Table 104. Jomar Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Company Information
Table 105. Jomar Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Specification and Application
Table 106. Jomar Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 107. Jomar Main Business and Markets Served
Table 108. Jomar Recent Developments/Updates
Table 109. Chia Ming Machinery Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Company Information
Table 110. Chia Ming Machinery Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Specification and Application
Table 111. Chia Ming Machinery Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 112. Chia Ming Machinery Main Business and Markets Served
Table 113. Chia Ming Machinery Recent Developments/Updates
Table 114. Fong Kee Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Company Information
Table 115. Fong Kee Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Specification and Application
Table 116. Fong Kee Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 117. Fong Kee Main Business and Markets Served
Table 118. Fong Kee Recent Developments/Updates
Table 119. ZQ Machinery Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Company Information
Table 120. ZQ Machinery Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Specification and Application
Table 121. ZQ Machinery Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 122. ZQ Machinery Main Business and Markets Served
Table 123. ZQ Machinery Recent Developments/Updates
Table 124. Akei Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Company Information
Table 125. Akei Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Specification and Application
Table 126. Akei Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 127. Akei Main Business and Markets Served
Table 128. Akei Recent Developments/Updates
Table 129. JASU Group Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Company Information
Table 130. JASU Group Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Specification and Application
Table 131. JASU Group Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 132. JASU Group Main Business and Markets Served
Table 133. JASU Group Recent Developments/Updates
Table 134. Parker Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Company Information
Table 135. Parker Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Specification and Application
Table 136. Parker Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 137. Parker Main Business and Markets Served
Table 138. Parker Recent Developments/Updates
Table 139. Magic Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Company Information
Table 140. Magic Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Specification and Application
Table 141. Magic Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 142. Magic Main Business and Markets Served
Table 143. Magic Recent Developments/Updates
Table 144. Kautex (Textron) Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Company Information
Table 145. Kautex (Textron) Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Specification and Application
Table 146. Kautex (Textron) Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 147. Kautex (Textron) Main Business and Markets Served
Table 148. Kautex (Textron) Recent Developments/Updates
Table 149. BBM Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Company Information
Table 150. BBM Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Specification and Application
Table 151. BBM Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 152. BBM Main Business and Markets Served
Table 153. BBM Recent Developments/Updates
Table 154. Meccanoplastica Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Company Information
Table 155. Meccanoplastica Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Specification and Application
Table 156. Meccanoplastica Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 157. Meccanoplastica Main Business and Markets Served
Table 158. Meccanoplastica Recent Developments/Updates
Table 159. Plastiblow Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Company Information
Table 160. Plastiblow Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Specification and Application
Table 161. Plastiblow Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 162. Plastiblow Main Business and Markets Served
Table 163. Plastiblow Recent Developments/Updates
Table 164. Wilmington Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Company Information
Table 165. Wilmington Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Specification and Application
Table 166. Wilmington Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 167. Wilmington Main Business and Markets Served
Table 168. Wilmington Recent Developments/Updates
Table 169. Key Raw Materials Lists
Table 170. Raw Materials Key Suppliers Lists
Table 171. Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Distributors List
Table 172. Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Customers List
Table 173. Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Market Trends
Table 174. Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Market Drivers
Table 175. Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Market Challenges
Table 176. Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Market Restraints
Table 177. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 178. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 179. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
Table 180. Authors List of This Report
List of Figures
Figure 1. Product Picture of Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine
Figure 2. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Market Value by Type, (US$ Million) & (2023 VS 2030)
Figure 3. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Market Share by Type: 2023 VS 2030
Figure 4. Two-station Machine Product Picture
Figure 5. Continuous Machine Product Picture
Figure 6. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Market Value by Application, (US$ Million) & (2023 VS 2030)
Figure 7. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Market Share by Application: 2023 VS 2030
Figure 8. Food and Beverage
Figure 9. Pharmaceutical Industry
Figure 10. Beauty Industry
Figure 11. Others
Figure 12. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production Value (US$ Million), 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
Figure 13. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production Value (US$ Million) & (2019-2030)
Figure 14. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production Capacity (K Units) & (2019-2030)
Figure 15. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production (K Units) & (2019-2030)
Figure 16. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Average Price (US$/Unit) & (2019-2030)
Figure 17. Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Report Years Considered
Figure 18. Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production Share by Manufacturers in 2023
Figure 19. Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3): 2019 VS 2023
Figure 20. The Global 5 and 10 Largest Players: Market Share by Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Revenue in 2023
Figure 21. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production Value Comparison by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Figure 22. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production Value Market Share by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
Figure 23. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production Comparison by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (K Units)
Figure 24. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production Market Share by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
Figure 25. North America Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2019-2030)
Figure 26. Europe Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2019-2030)
Figure 27. China Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2019-2030)
Figure 28. Japan Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2019-2030)
Figure 29. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Consumption by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (K Units)
Figure 30. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Consumption Market Share by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
Figure 31. North America Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2030) & (K Units)
Figure 32. North America Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Consumption Market Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure 33. U.S. Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2030) & (K Units)
Figure 34. Canada Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2030) & (K Units)
Figure 35. Europe Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2030) & (K Units)
Figure 36. Europe Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Consumption Market Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure 37. Germany Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2030) & (K Units)
Figure 38. France Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2030) & (K Units)
Figure 39. U.K. Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2030) & (K Units)
Figure 40. Italy Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2030) & (K Units)
Figure 41. Netherlands Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2030) & (K Units)
Figure 42. Asia Pacific Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2030) & (K Units)
Figure 43. Asia Pacific Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Consumption Market Share by Region (2025-2030)
Figure 44. China Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2030) & (K Units)
Figure 45. Japan Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2030) & (K Units)
Figure 46. South Korea Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2030) & (K Units)
Figure 47. China Taiwan Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2030) & (K Units)
Figure 48. Southeast Asia Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2030) & (K Units)
Figure 49. India Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2030) & (K Units)
Figure 50. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2030) & (K Units)
Figure 51. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Consumption Market Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure 52. Mexico Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2030) & (K Units)
Figure 53. Brazil Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2030) & (K Units)
Figure 54. Turkey Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2030) & (K Units)
Figure 55. GCC Countries Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2030) & (K Units)
Figure 56. Global Production Market Share of Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 57. Global Production Value Market Share of Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 58. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Price (US$/Unit) by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 59. Global Production Market Share of Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 60. Global Production Value Market Share of Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 61. Global Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Price (US$/Unit) by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 62. Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Value Chain
Figure 63. Extrusion Hollow Blow Molding Machine Production Process
Figure 64. Channels of Distribution (Direct Vs Distribution)
Figure 65. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 66. Data Triangulation
