List of Tables
Table 1. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Market Value by Type, (US$ Million) & (2024 VS 2031)
Table 2. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Market Value by Application, (US$ Million) & (2024 VS 2031)
Table 3. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production Capacity (K Sqm) by Manufacturers in 2024
Table 4. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (K Sqm)
Table 5. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 6. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production Value by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 7. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production Value Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 8. Global Key Players of Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel, Industry Ranking, 2023 VS 2024
Table 9. Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Production Value in Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel as of 2024)
Table 10. Global Market Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Average Price by Manufacturers (US$/Sqm) & (2020-2025)
Table 11. Global Key Manufacturers of Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel, Manufacturing Base Distribution and Headquarters
Table 12. Global Key Manufacturers of Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel, Product Offered and Application
Table 13. Global Key Manufacturers of Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel, Date of Enter into This Industry
Table 14. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 15. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table 16. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production Value by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 17. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production Value (US$ Million) by Region (2020-2025)
Table 18. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production Value Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
Table 19. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production Value (US$ Million) Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
Table 20. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production Value Market Share Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
Table 21. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production Comparison by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Sqm)
Table 22. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production (K Sqm) by Region (2020-2025)
Table 23. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
Table 24. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production (K Sqm) Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
Table 25. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production Market Share Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
Table 26. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Market Average Price (US$/Sqm) by Region (2020-2025)
Table 27. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Market Average Price (US$/Sqm) by Region (2026-2031)
Table 28. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Sqm)
Table 29. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Consumption by Region (2020-2025) & (K Sqm)
Table 30. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Consumption Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
Table 31. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Forecasted Consumption by Region (2026-2031) & (K Sqm)
Table 32. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Forecasted Consumption Market Share by Region (2026-2031)
Table 33. North America Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Sqm)
Table 34. North America Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Consumption by Country (2020-2025) & (K Sqm)
Table 35. North America Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Consumption by Country (2026-2031) & (K Sqm)
Table 36. Europe Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Sqm)
Table 37. Europe Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Consumption by Country (2020-2025) & (K Sqm)
Table 38. Europe Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Consumption by Country (2026-2031) & (K Sqm)
Table 39. Asia Pacific Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Sqm)
Table 40. Asia Pacific Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Consumption by Region (2020-2025) & (K Sqm)
Table 41. Asia Pacific Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Consumption by Region (2026-2031) & (K Sqm)
Table 42. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Sqm)
Table 43. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Consumption by Country (2020-2025) & (K Sqm)
Table 44. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Consumption by Country (2026-2031) & (K Sqm)
Table 45. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production (K Sqm) by Type (2020-2025)
Table 46. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production (K Sqm) by Type (2026-2031)
Table 47. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production Market Share by Type (2020-2025)
Table 48. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production Market Share by Type (2026-2031)
Table 49. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production Value (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2025)
Table 50. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production Value (US$ Million) by Type (2026-2031)
Table 51. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production Value Market Share by Type (2020-2025)
Table 52. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production Value Market Share by Type (2026-2031)
Table 53. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Price (US$/Sqm) by Type (2020-2025)
Table 54. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Price (US$/Sqm) by Type (2026-2031)
Table 55. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production (K Sqm) by Application (2020-2025)
Table 56. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production (K Sqm) by Application (2026-2031)
Table 57. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production Market Share by Application (2020-2025)
Table 58. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production Market Share by Application (2026-2031)
Table 59. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production Value (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2025)
Table 60. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production Value (US$ Million) by Application (2026-2031)
Table 61. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production Value Market Share by Application (2020-2025)
Table 62. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production Value Market Share by Application (2026-2031)
Table 63. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Price (US$/Sqm) by Application (2020-2025)
Table 64. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Price (US$/Sqm) by Application (2026-2031)
Table 65. Jangho Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Company Information
Table 66. Jangho Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Specification and Application
Table 67. Jangho Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sqm) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 68. Jangho Main Business and Markets Served
Table 69. Jangho Recent Developments/Updates
Table 70. Grandland Group Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Company Information
Table 71. Grandland Group Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Specification and Application
Table 72. Grandland Group Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sqm) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 73. Grandland Group Main Business and Markets Served
Table 74. Grandland Group Recent Developments/Updates
Table 75. Schuco Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Company Information
Table 76. Schuco Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Specification and Application
Table 77. Schuco Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sqm) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 78. Schuco Main Business and Markets Served
Table 79. Schuco Recent Developments/Updates
Table 80. Yuanda Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Company Information
Table 81. Yuanda Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Specification and Application
Table 82. Yuanda Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sqm) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 83. Yuanda Main Business and Markets Served
Table 84. Yuanda Recent Developments/Updates
Table 85. Oldcastle BuildingEnvelope Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Company Information
Table 86. Oldcastle BuildingEnvelope Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Specification and Application
Table 87. Oldcastle BuildingEnvelope Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sqm) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 88. Oldcastle BuildingEnvelope Main Business and Markets Served
Table 89. Oldcastle BuildingEnvelope Recent Developments/Updates
Table 90. Apogee Enterprises Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Company Information
Table 91. Apogee Enterprises Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Specification and Application
Table 92. Apogee Enterprises Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sqm) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 93. Apogee Enterprises Main Business and Markets Served
Table 94. Apogee Enterprises Recent Developments/Updates
Table 95. AVIC SanXin Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Company Information
Table 96. AVIC SanXin Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Specification and Application
Table 97. AVIC SanXin Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sqm) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 98. AVIC SanXin Main Business and Markets Served
Table 99. AVIC SanXin Recent Developments/Updates
Table 100. Kawneer (Arconic) Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Company Information
Table 101. Kawneer (Arconic) Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Specification and Application
Table 102. Kawneer (Arconic) Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sqm) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 103. Kawneer (Arconic) Main Business and Markets Served
Table 104. Kawneer (Arconic) Recent Developments/Updates
Table 105. Fangda Group Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Company Information
Table 106. Fangda Group Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Specification and Application
Table 107. Fangda Group Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sqm) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 108. Fangda Group Main Business and Markets Served
Table 109. Fangda Group Recent Developments/Updates
Table 110. Zhongnan Curtain Wall Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Company Information
Table 111. Zhongnan Curtain Wall Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Specification and Application
Table 112. Zhongnan Curtain Wall Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sqm) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 113. Zhongnan Curtain Wall Main Business and Markets Served
Table 114. Zhongnan Curtain Wall Recent Developments/Updates
Table 115. Corialis Group Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Company Information
Table 116. Corialis Group Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Specification and Application
Table 117. Corialis Group Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sqm) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 118. Corialis Group Main Business and Markets Served
Table 119. Corialis Group Recent Developments/Updates
Table 120. Reynaers Aluminium Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Company Information
Table 121. Reynaers Aluminium Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Specification and Application
Table 122. Reynaers Aluminium Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sqm) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 123. Reynaers Aluminium Main Business and Markets Served
Table 124. Reynaers Aluminium Recent Developments/Updates
Table 125. Aluprof Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Company Information
Table 126. Aluprof Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Specification and Application
Table 127. Aluprof Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sqm) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 128. Aluprof Main Business and Markets Served
Table 129. Aluprof Recent Developments/Updates
Table 130. heroal Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Company Information
Table 131. heroal Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Specification and Application
Table 132. heroal Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sqm) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 133. heroal Main Business and Markets Served
Table 134. heroal Recent Developments/Updates
Table 135. Norsk Hydro Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Company Information
Table 136. Norsk Hydro Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Specification and Application
Table 137. Norsk Hydro Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sqm) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 138. Norsk Hydro Main Business and Markets Served
Table 139. Norsk Hydro Recent Developments/Updates
Table 140. Aluk Group (Valindus) Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Company Information
Table 141. Aluk Group (Valindus) Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Specification and Application
Table 142. Aluk Group (Valindus) Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sqm) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 143. Aluk Group (Valindus) Main Business and Markets Served
Table 144. Aluk Group (Valindus) Recent Developments/Updates
Table 145. ETEM (Viohalco) Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Company Information
Table 146. ETEM (Viohalco) Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Specification and Application
Table 147. ETEM (Viohalco) Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sqm) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 148. ETEM (Viohalco) Main Business and Markets Served
Table 149. ETEM (Viohalco) Recent Developments/Updates
Table 150. Alumil Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Company Information
Table 151. Alumil Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Specification and Application
Table 152. Alumil Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sqm) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 153. Alumil Main Business and Markets Served
Table 154. Alumil Recent Developments/Updates
Table 155. Raico Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Company Information
Table 156. Raico Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Specification and Application
Table 157. Raico Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sqm) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 158. Raico Main Business and Markets Served
Table 159. Raico Recent Developments/Updates
Table 160. YKK AP Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Company Information
Table 161. YKK AP Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Specification and Application
Table 162. YKK AP Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sqm) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 163. YKK AP Main Business and Markets Served
Table 164. YKK AP Recent Developments/Updates
Table 165. Shanghai Meite Curtain Wall Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Company Information
Table 166. Shanghai Meite Curtain Wall Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Specification and Application
Table 167. Shanghai Meite Curtain Wall Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sqm) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 168. Shanghai Meite Curtain Wall Main Business and Markets Served
Table 169. Shanghai Meite Curtain Wall Recent Developments/Updates
Table 170. Wuhan Lingyun Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Company Information
Table 171. Wuhan Lingyun Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Specification and Application
Table 172. Wuhan Lingyun Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sqm) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 173. Wuhan Lingyun Main Business and Markets Served
Table 174. Wuhan Lingyun Recent Developments/Updates
Table 175. Key Raw Materials Lists
Table 176. Raw Materials Key Suppliers Lists
Table 177. Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Distributors List
Table 178. Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Customers List
Table 179. Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Market Trends
Table 180. Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Market Drivers
Table 181. Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Market Challenges
Table 182. Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Market Restraints
Table 183. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 184. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 185. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
Table 186. Authors List of This Report
List of Figures
Figure 1. Product Picture of Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel
Figure 2. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Market Value by Type, (US$ Million) & (2020-2031)
Figure 3. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Market Share by Type: 2024 VS 2031
Figure 4. Unitized Type Product Picture
Figure 5. Stick Built Type Product Picture
Figure 6. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Market Value by Application, (US$ Million) & (2020-2031)
Figure 7. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Market Share by Application: 2024 VS 2031
Figure 8. Commercial Building
Figure 9. Public Building
Figure 10. Residential Building
Figure 11. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production Value (US$ Million), 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 12. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production Value (US$ Million) & (2020-2031)
Figure 13. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production Capacity (K Sqm) & (2020-2031)
Figure 14. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production (K Sqm) & (2020-2031)
Figure 15. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Average Price (US$/Sqm) & (2020-2031)
Figure 16. Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Report Years Considered
Figure 17. Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production Share by Manufacturers in 2024
Figure 18. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production Value Share by Manufacturers (2024)
Figure 19. Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3): 2020 VS 2024
Figure 20. The Global 5 and 10 Largest Players: Market Share by Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Revenue in 2024
Figure 21. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production Value by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 22. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production Value Market Share by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 23. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production Comparison by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Sqm)
Figure 24. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production Market Share by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 25. North America Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 26. Europe Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 27. China Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 28. Japan Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 29. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Consumption by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Sqm)
Figure 30. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Consumption Market Share by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 31. North America Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Sqm)
Figure 32. North America Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Consumption Market Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 33. U.S. Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Sqm)
Figure 34. Canada Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Sqm)
Figure 35. Europe Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Sqm)
Figure 36. Europe Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Consumption Market Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 37. Germany Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Sqm)
Figure 38. France Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Sqm)
Figure 39. U.K. Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Sqm)
Figure 40. Italy Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Sqm)
Figure 41. Russia Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Sqm)
Figure 42. Asia Pacific Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Sqm)
Figure 43. Asia Pacific Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Consumption Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 44. China Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Sqm)
Figure 45. Japan Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Sqm)
Figure 46. South Korea Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Sqm)
Figure 47. China Taiwan Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Sqm)
Figure 48. Southeast Asia Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Sqm)
Figure 49. India Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Sqm)
Figure 50. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Sqm)
Figure 51. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Consumption Market Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 52. Mexico Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Sqm)
Figure 53. Brazil Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Sqm)
Figure 54. Turkey Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Sqm)
Figure 55. GCC Countries Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Sqm)
Figure 56. Global Production Market Share of Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 57. Global Production Value Market Share of Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 58. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Price (US$/Sqm) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 59. Global Production Market Share of Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 60. Global Production Value Market Share of Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 61. Global Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Price (US$/Sqm) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 62. Aluminum Curtain Wall Panel Value Chain
Figure 63. Channels of Distribution (Direct Vs Distribution)
Figure 64. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 65. Data Triangulation