List of Tables
Table 1. Global Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 2. Global Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 3. Global Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 4. Global Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Revenue by Region (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 5. Global Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Revenue by Region (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 6. Global Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Sales Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (Tons)
Table 7. Global Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Sales by Region (2020-2025) & (Tons)
Table 8. Global Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Sales by Region (2026-2031) & (Tons)
Table 9. Emerging Market Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) (US$ Million)
Table 10. Global Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Production Growth Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (Tons)
Table 11. Global Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Production by Region (2020-2025) & (Tons)
Table 12. Global Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Production by Region (2026-2031) & (Tons)
Table 13. Global Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Sales by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (Tons)
Table 14. Global Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Sales Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 15. Global Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Revenue by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 16. Global Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 17. Global Key Manufacturers’Ranking Shift (2023 vs. 2024) (Based on Revenue)
Table 18. Global Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil by Manufacturer Tier (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil as of 2024)
Table 19. Global Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Average Gross Margin (%) by Manufacturer (2020 VS 2024)
Table 20. Global Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Average Selling Price (ASP) by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (US$/Ton)
Table 21. Key Manufacturers Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Manufacturing Base and Headquarters
Table 22. Global Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 23. Key Market Entrant/Exit (2020-2024) – Drivers & Impact Analysis
Table 24. Key Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans, R&D Investment
Table 25. Global Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Sales by Type (2020-2025) & (Tons)
Table 26. Global Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Sales by Type (2026-2031) & (Tons)
Table 27. Global Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Revenue by Type (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 28. Global Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Revenue by Type (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 29. Global Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil ASP by Type (2020-2031) & (US$/Ton)
Table 30. Technical Specifications by Key Product Type
Table 31. Global Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Sales by Application (2020-2025) & (Tons)
Table 32. Global Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Sales by Application (2026-2031) & (Tons)
Table 33. Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil High-Growth Sectors Demand CAGR (2024-2031)
Table 34. Global Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Revenue by Application (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 35. Global Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Revenue by Application (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 36. Global Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil ASP by Application (2020-2031) & (US$/Ton)
Table 37. Top Customers by Region
Table 38. Top Customers by Application
Table 39. North America Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Growth Accelerators and Market Barriers
Table 40. North America Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) (US$ Million)
Table 41. North America Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Sales (Tons) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
Table 42. Europe Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Growth Accelerators and Market Barriers
Table 43. Europe Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 44. Europe Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Sales (Tons) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
Table 45. Asia-Pacific Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 46. Asia-Pacific Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Sales (Tons) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
Table 47. Asia-Pacific Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Growth Accelerators and Market Barriers
Table 48. Southeast Asia Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 49. Central and South America Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Investment Opportunities and Key Challenges
Table 50. Central and South America Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) (US$ Million)
Table 51. Middle East and Africa Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Investment Opportunities and Key Challenges
Table 52. Middle East and Africa Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) (US$ Million)
Table 53. Sasol Corporation Information
Table 54. Sasol Description and Major Businesses
Table 55. Sasol Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 56. Sasol Capacity, Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 57. Sasol Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 58. Sasol Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 59. Sasol Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 60. Sasol Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil SWOT Analysis
Table 61. Sasol Recent Developments
Table 62. Shell Corporation Information
Table 63. Shell Description and Major Businesses
Table 64. Shell Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 65. Shell Capacity, Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 66. Shell Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 67. Shell Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 68. Shell Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 69. Shell Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil SWOT Analysis
Table 70. Shell Recent Developments
Table 71. Exxon Mobil Corporation Information
Table 72. Exxon Mobil Description and Major Businesses
Table 73. Exxon Mobil Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 74. Exxon Mobil Capacity, Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 75. Exxon Mobil Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 76. Exxon Mobil Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 77. Exxon Mobil Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 78. Exxon Mobil Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil SWOT Analysis
Table 79. Exxon Mobil Recent Developments
Table 80. Savita Corporation Information
Table 81. Savita Description and Major Businesses
Table 82. Savita Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 83. Savita Capacity, Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 84. Savita Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 85. Savita Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 86. Savita Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 87. Savita Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil SWOT Analysis
Table 88. Savita Recent Developments
Table 89. ENEOS Corporation Information
Table 90. ENEOS Description and Major Businesses
Table 91. ENEOS Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 92. ENEOS Capacity, Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 93. ENEOS Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 94. ENEOS Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 95. ENEOS Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 96. ENEOS Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil SWOT Analysis
Table 97. ENEOS Recent Developments
Table 98. CEPSA Corporation Information
Table 99. CEPSA Description and Major Businesses
Table 100. CEPSA Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 101. CEPSA Capacity, Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 102. CEPSA Recent Developments
Table 103. Eni Corporation Information
Table 104. Eni Description and Major Businesses
Table 105. Eni Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 106. Eni Capacity, Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 107. Eni Recent Developments
Table 108. H&R Group Corporation Information
Table 109. H&R Group Description and Major Businesses
Table 110. H&R Group Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 111. H&R Group Capacity, Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 112. H&R Group Recent Developments
Table 113. SEOJIN CHEM Corporation Information
Table 114. SEOJIN CHEM Description and Major Businesses
Table 115. SEOJIN CHEM Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 116. SEOJIN CHEM Capacity, Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 117. SEOJIN CHEM Recent Developments
Table 118. Sonneborn Corporation Information
Table 119. Sonneborn Description and Major Businesses
Table 120. Sonneborn Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 121. Sonneborn Capacity, Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 122. Sonneborn Recent Developments
Table 123. MORESCO Corporation Information
Table 124. MORESCO Description and Major Businesses
Table 125. MORESCO Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 126. MORESCO Capacity, Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 127. MORESCO Recent Developments
Table 128. Gandhar Oil Corporation Information
Table 129. Gandhar Oil Description and Major Businesses
Table 130. Gandhar Oil Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 131. Gandhar Oil Capacity, Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 132. Gandhar Oil Recent Developments
Table 133. FPCC Corporation Information
Table 134. FPCC Description and Major Businesses
Table 135. FPCC Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 136. FPCC Capacity, Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 137. FPCC Recent Developments
Table 138. CNPC Corporation Information
Table 139. CNPC Description and Major Businesses
Table 140. CNPC Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 141. CNPC Capacity, Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 142. CNPC Recent Developments
Table 143. Sinopec Corporation Information
Table 144. Sinopec Description and Major Businesses
Table 145. Sinopec Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 146. Sinopec Capacity, Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 147. Sinopec Recent Developments
Table 148. CNOOC Taizhou Petrochemical Corporation Information
Table 149. CNOOC Taizhou Petrochemical Description and Major Businesses
Table 150. CNOOC Taizhou Petrochemical Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 151. CNOOC Taizhou Petrochemical Capacity, Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 152. CNOOC Taizhou Petrochemical Recent Developments
Table 153. Key Raw Materials Distribution
Table 154. Raw Materials Key Suppliers
Table 155. Critical Raw Material Supplier Concentration (2024) & Risk Index
Table 156. Milestones in Production Technology Evolution
Table 157. Distributors List
Table 158. Market Trends and Market Evolution
Table 159. Market Drivers and Opportunities
Table 160. Market Challenges, Risks, and Restraints
Table 161. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 162. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 163. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
List of Figures
Figure 1. Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Product Picture
Figure 2. Global Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 3. Food Grade White Oil Product Picture
Figure 4. Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Product Picture
Figure 5. Global Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 6. Food Industry
Figure 7. Pharmaceutical Industry
Figure 8. Medical Devices
Figure 9. Others
Figure 10. Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Report Years Considered
Figure 11. Global Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Revenue, (US$ Million), 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 12. Global Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 13. Global Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Revenue (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 14. Global Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Revenue Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 15. Global Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Sales (2020-2031) & (Tons)
Figure 16. Global Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Sales (CAGR) by Region (2020-2031) (Tons)
Figure 17. Global Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Sales Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 18. Global Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Capacity, Production and Utilization (2020-2031) & (Tons)
Figure 19. Global Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Production Trend by Region (2020-2031) (Tons)
Figure 20. Global Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Production Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 21. Production Capacity Enablers & Constraints
Figure 22. Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Production Growth Rate in North America (2020-2031) & (Tons)
Figure 23. Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Production Growth Rate in Europe (2020-2031) & (Tons)
Figure 24. Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Production Growth Rate in China (2020-2031) & (Tons)
Figure 25. Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Production Growth Rate in Japan (2020-2031) & (Tons)
Figure 26. Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Production Growth Rate in South Korea (2020-2031) & (Tons)
Figure 27. Top 5 and Top 10 Manufacturers Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Sales Volume Market Share in 2024
Figure 28. Global Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Revenue Market Share Ranking (2024)
Figure 29. Tier Distribution by Revenue Contribution (2020 VS 2024)
Figure 30. Food Grade White Oil Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 31. Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 32. Type Eight Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 33. Type Nine Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 34. Global Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Sales Market Share by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 35. Global Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Revenue Market Share by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 36. Global Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Sales Market Share by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 37. Global Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Revenue Market Share by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 38. North America Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (Tons)
Figure 39. North America Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 40. North America Top 5 Manufacturers Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 41. North America Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Sales Volume (Tons) by Type (2020- 2031)
Figure 42. North America Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020 - 2031)
Figure 43. North America Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Sales Volume (Tons) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 44. North America Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 45. US Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 46. Canada Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 47. Mexico Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 48. Europe Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (Tons)
Figure 49. Europe Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 50. Europe Top 5 Manufacturers Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 51. Europe Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Sales Volume (Tons) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 52. Europe Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 53. Europe Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Sales Volume (Tons) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 54. Europe Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 55. Germany Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 56. France Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 57. U.K. Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 58. Italy Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 59. Russia Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 60. Asia-Pacific Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (Tons)
Figure 61. Asia-Pacific Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 62. Asia-Pacific Top 8 Manufacturers Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 63. Asia-Pacific Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Sales Volume (Tons) by Type (2020- 2031)
Figure 64. Asia-Pacific Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020- 2031)
Figure 65. Asia-Pacific Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Sales Volume (Tons) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 66. Asia-Pacific Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 67. Indonesia Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 68. Japan Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 69. South Korea Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 70. China Taiwan Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 71. India Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 72. Central and South America Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (Tons)
Figure 73. Central and South America Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 74. Central and South America Top 5 Manufacturers Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 75. Central and South America Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Sales Volume (Tons) by Type (2021-2031)
Figure 76. Central and South America Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 77. Central and South America Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Sales Volume (Tons) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 78. Central and South America Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 79. Brazil Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 80. Argentina Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 81. Middle East, and Africa Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (Tons)
Figure 82. Middle East and Africa Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 83. Middle East and Africa Top 5 Manufacturers Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 84. Middle East and Africa Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Sales Volume (Tons) by Type (2021-2031)
Figure 85. South America Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 86. Middle East and Africa Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Sales Volume (Tons) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 87. Middle East and Africa Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 88. GCC Countries Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 89. Turkey Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 90. Egypt Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 91. South Africa Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 92. Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Industry Chain Mapping
Figure 93. Regional Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Manufacturing Base Distribution (%)
Figure 94. Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Production Process
Figure 95. Regional Food and Pharmaceutical Grade White Oil Production Cost Structure
Figure 96. Channels of Distribution (Direct Vs Distribution)
Figure 97. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 98. Data Triangulation
Figure 99. Key Executives Interviewed