aluates Reports

$ 0.0

Automative

Global Epistaxis Sponges Market Outlook, In‑Depth Analysis & Forecast to 2031

Published Date: November 2025

Report Code: QYRE-Auto-17L17081

Global Epistaxis Sponges Market Research Report 2024

BUY CHAPTERS

Global Epistaxis Sponges Market Outlook, In‑Depth Analysis & Forecast to 2031

Code: QYRE-Auto-17L17081

Report

November 2025

Pages:160

QYResearch

Buy Now with 15% Discount

DESCRIPTION

TABLE OF CONTENT

TABLES & FIGURES

FEATURED COMPANIES

SPIGGLE＆THEIS Medizintechnik GmbH

Invotec

Stryker

Aegis Lifesciences

BenQ Materials Corporation

Olympus

SDP

Meril Life Sciences

Network Medical Products Ltd.,

Innovia Medical

First Aid Bandage Company

Huizhou Foryou MEDICAL Devices

ArthroCare (Rapid Rhino)

Neo Modulus

Epistaxis Sponges Market

The global Epistaxis Sponges market is projected to grow from US$ million in 2024 to US$ million by 2031, at a CAGR of %(2025-2031), driven by critical product segments and diverse end‑use applications, while evolving U.S. tariff policies introduce trade‑cost volatility and supply‑chain uncertainty.

Epistaxis sponge is a medical device used to stop bleeding from nose bleeding and nasal surgery. It is made of sponge material and has high water absorption and softness. Epistaxis sponge can quickly absorb blood and form blood clots, thereby effectively stopping bleeding.

From a downstream perspective, Nasal Surgery accounted for % of 2024 revenue, surging to US$ million by 2031 (CAGR: % from 2025–2031).

Epistaxis Sponges leading manufacturers including ArthroCare (Rapid Rhino), SPIGGLE & THEIS Medizintechnik GmbH, Invotec, Medtronic, Stryker, Aegis Lifesciences, BenQ Materials Corporation, Olympus, SDP Inc., Meril Life Sciences, etc., dominate supply; the top five capture approximately % of global revenue, with ArthroCare (Rapid Rhino) leading 2024 sales at US$ million.

Regional Outlook:

North America rose from US$ million in 2024 to a forecast US$ million by 2031 (CAGR %).

Asia‑Pacific will expand from US$ million to US$ million (CAGR  %), led by China (US$ million in 2024, % share rising to % by 2031), Japan (CAGR %), South Korea (CAGR %), and Southeast Asia (CAGR %).

Europe is set to grow from US$ million to US$ million (CAGR %), with Germany projected to hit US$ million by 2031 (CAGR %).

Report Includes:

This definitive report equips CEOs, marketing directors, and investors with a 360° view of the global Epistaxis Sponges market, seamlessly integrating production and sales performance across the value chain. It analyzes historical sales volume and revenue sales data (2020–2024) and delivers forecasts through 2031, illuminating demand trends and growth drivers.

By segmenting the market by Type and by Application, the study quantifies volume and value, growth rates, technical innovations, niche opportunities, and substitution risks, and analyzes downstream customers distribution pattern.

Granular regional insights cover five major markets—North America, Europe, APAC, South America, and MEA—with in‑depth analysis of 20+ countries. Each region’s dominant products, competitive landscape, and downstream demand trends are clearly detailed.

Critical competitive intelligence profiles manufacturers—sales volume, revenue, margins, pricing strategies, and major customers—and dissects the top-player positioning across product lines, applications, and regions to reveal strategic strengths.

A concise supply‑chain overview maps upstream suppliers, manufacturing technologies, cost structures, and distribution dynamics to identify strategic gaps and unmet demand.

Market Segmentation

Scope of Epistaxis Sponges Market Report

Report Metric	Details
Report Name	Epistaxis Sponges Market
Segment by Type	PVA Sponges Gelatin Sponges Others
Segment by Application	Nasal Surgery Personal Use
Sales by Region	North America (United States, Canada) Europe (Germany, France, UK, Italy, Russia) Rest of Europe Nordic Countries Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, South Korea) Southeast Asia (India, Australia) Rest of Asia Latin America (Mexico, Brazil) Rest of Latin America Middle East & Africa (Turkey, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Rest of MEA)
By Company	ArthroCare (Rapid Rhino), SPIGGLE & THEIS Medizintechnik GmbH, Invotec, Medtronic, Stryker, Aegis Lifesciences, BenQ Materials Corporation, Olympus, SDP Inc., Meril Life Sciences, Network Medical Products Ltd., Innovia Medical, First Aid Bandage Company, Neo Modulus, Huizhou Foryou Medical Devices
Forecast units	USD million in value
Report coverage	Revenue and volume forecast, company share, competitive landscape, growth factors and trends

Chapter Outline

Chapter 1: Defines the Epistaxis Sponges study scope, segments the market by Type and by Application, etc, highlights segment size and growth potential.
Chapter 2: Offers current market state, projects global revenue and sales to 2031, pinpointing high consumption regions and emerging market catalysts
Chapter 3: Dissects the manufacturer landscape—ranks by volume and revenue, analyzes profitability and pricing, maps production bases, details manufacturer performance by product type and evaluates concentration alongside M&A moves.
Chapter 4: Unlocks high margin product segments—compares sales, revenue, ASP, and technology differentiators, highlighting growth niches and substitution risks
Chapter 5: Targets downstream market opportunities—evaluates sales, revenue, and pricing by Application, identifies emerging use cases, and profiles leading customers by region and by Application.
Chapter 6: North America—breaks down sales and revenue by Type, by Application and country, profiles key manufacturers and assesses growth drivers and barriers.
Chapter 7: Europe—analyses regional sales, revenue and market by Type, by Application and manufacturers, flagging drivers and barriers.
Chapter 8: Asia Pacific—quantifies sales and revenue by Type, by Application, and region/country, profiles top manufacturers, and uncovers high potential expansion areas.
Chapter 9: Central & South America—measures sales and revenue by Type, by Application, and country, profiles top manufacturers, and identifies investment opportunities and challenges.
Chapter 10: Middle East and Africa—evaluates sales and revenue by Type, by Application, and country, profiles key manufacturers, and outlines investment prospects and market hurdles
Chapter 11: Profiles manufacturers in depth—details product specs, sales, revenue, margins; Top manufactures 2024 sales breakdowns by Product type, by Application, by sales region SWOT analysis, and recent strategic developments.
Chapter 12: Supply chain—analyses upstream raw materials and suppliers, manufacturing footprint, regional production and cost, regulatory and technology, plus downstream channels and distributor roles.
Chapter 13: Market dynamics—explores drivers, restraints, regulatory impacts, and risk mitigation strategies.
Chapter 15: Actionable conclusions and strategic recommendations.
Why This Report:
Beyond standard market data, this analysis provides a clear profitability roadmap—empowering you to:
Allocate capital strategically to high growth regions (Chapters 6–10) and margin rich segments (Chapter 5).
Negotiate from strength with suppliers (Chapter 12) and customers (Chapter5) using cost and demand intelligence.
Outmaneuver competitors with granular insights into their operations, margins, and strategies (Chapters 3 and 11).
Secure your supply chain against disruptions through upstream and downstream visibility (Chapters 12 and 13).
Leverage this 360° intelligence to turn market complexity into actionable competitive advantage.

FAQ for this report

Who are the main players in the Epistaxis Sponges Market report?

Ans: The main players in the Epistaxis Sponges Market are ArthroCare (Rapid Rhino), SPIGGLE & THEIS Medizintechnik GmbH, Invotec, Medtronic, Stryker, Aegis Lifesciences, BenQ Materials Corporation, Olympus, SDP Inc., Meril Life Sciences, Network Medical Products Ltd., Innovia Medical, First Aid Bandage Company, Neo Modulus, Huizhou Foryou Medical Devices

What are the Application segmentation covered in the Epistaxis Sponges Market report?

Ans: The Applications covered in the Epistaxis Sponges Market report are Nasal Surgery, Personal Use

What are the Type segmentation covered in the Epistaxis Sponges Market report?

Ans: The Types covered in the Epistaxis Sponges Market report are PVA Sponges, Gelatin Sponges, Others

1 Study Coverage

1.1 Introduction to Epistaxis Sponges: Definition, Properties, and Key Attributes

1.2 Market Segmentation by Type

1.2.1 Global Epistaxis Sponges Market Size by Type, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031

1.2.2 PVA Sponges

1.2.3 Gelatin Sponges

1.2.4 Others

1.3 Market Segmentation by Application

1.3.1 Global Epistaxis Sponges Market Size by Application, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031

1.3.2 Nasal Surgery

1.3.3 Personal Use

1.4 Assumptions and Limitations

1.5 Study Objectives

1.6 Years Considered

2 Executive Summary

2.1 Global Epistaxis Sponges Revenue Estimates and Forecasts 2020-2031

2.2 Global Epistaxis Sponges Revenue by Region

2.2.1 Revenue Comparison: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031

2.2.2 Historical and Forecasted Revenue by Region (2020--2031)

2.2.3 Global Revenue Market Share by Region (2020-2031)

2.3 Global Epistaxis Sponges Sales Estimates and Forecasts 2020-2031

2.4 Global Epistaxis Sponges Sales by Region

2.4.1 Sales Comparison: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031

2.4.2 Historical and Forecasted Sales by Region (2020-2031)

2.4.3 Emerging Market Focus: Growth Drivers & Investment Trends

2.4.4 Global Sales Market Share by Region (2020-2031)

3 Competition by Manufacturers

3.1 Global Epistaxis Sponges Sales by Manufacturers

3.1.1 Global Sales Volume by Manufacturers (2020-2025)

3.1.2 Global Top 5 and Top 10 Manufacturers’Market Share by Sales Volume (2024)

3.2 Global Epistaxis Sponges Manufacturer Revenue Rankings and Tiers

3.2.1 Global Revenue (Value) by Manufacturers (2020-2025)

3.2.2 Global Key Manufacturer Revenue Ranking (2023 vs. 2024)

3.2.3 Revenue-Based Tier Segmentation (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3)

3.3 Manufacturer Profitability Profiles and Pricing Strategies

3.3.1 Gross Margin by Top Manufacturer (2020 VS 2024)

3.3.2 Manufacturer-Level Price Trends (2020-2025)

3.4 Key Manufacturers Manufacturing Base and Headquarters

3.5 Main Product Type Market Size by Manufacturers

3.5.1 PVA Sponges Market Size by Manufacturers

3.5.2 Gelatin Sponges Market Size by Manufacturers

3.5.3 Others Market Size by Manufacturers

3.6 Global Epistaxis Sponges Market Concentration and Dynamics

3.6.1 Global Market Concentration (CR5 and HHI)

3.6.2 Entrant/Exit Impact Analysis

3.6.3 Strategic Moves: M&A, Capacity Expansion, R&D Investment

4 Global Product Segmentation Analysis

4.1 Global Epistaxis Sponges Sales Performance by Type

4.1.1 Global Historical and Forecasted Sales by Type (2020-2031)

4.1.2 Global Sales Market Share by Type (2020-2031)

4.2 Global Epistaxis Sponges Revenue Trends by Type

4.2.1 Global Historical and Forecasted Revenue by Type (2020-2031)

4.2.2 Global Revenue Market Share by Type (2020-2031)

4.3 Global Average Selling Price (ASP) Trends by Type (2020-2031)

4.4 Product Technology Differentiation

4.5 Subtype Dynamics: Growth Leaders, Profitability and Risk

4.5.1 High-Growth Niches and Adoption Drivers

4.5.2 Profitability Hotspots and Cost Drivers

4.5.3 Substitution Threats

5 Global Downstream Application Analysis

5.1 Global Epistaxis Sponges Sales by Application

5.1.1 Global Historical and Forecasted Sales by Application (2020-2031)

5.1.2 Global Sales Market Share by Application (2020-2031)

5.1.3 High-Growth Application Identification

5.1.4 Emerging Application Case Studies

5.2 Global Epistaxis Sponges Revenue by Application

5.2.1 Global Historical and Forecasted Revenue by Application (2020-2031)

5.2.2 Revenue Market Share by Application (2020-2031)

5.3 Global Pricing Dynamics by Application (2020-2031)

5.4 Downstream Customer Analysis

5.4.1 Top Customers by Region

5.4.2 Top Customers by Application

6 North America

6.1 North America Sales Volume and Revenue (2020-2031)

6.2 North America Key Manufacturers Sales Revenue in 2024

6.3 North America Epistaxis Sponges Sales and Revenue by Type (2020-2031)

6.4 North America Epistaxis Sponges Sales and Revenue by Application (2020-2031)

6.5 North America Growth Accelerators and Market Barriers

6.6 North America Epistaxis Sponges Market Size by Country

6.6.1 North America Revenue by Country

6.6.2 North America Sales Trends by Country

6.6.3 US

6.6.4 Canada

6.6.5 Mexico

7 Europe

7.1 Europe Sales Volume and Revenue (2020-2031)

7.2 Europe Key Manufacturers Sales Revenue in 2024

7.3 Europe Epistaxis Sponges Sales and Revenue by Type (2020-2031)

7.4 Europe Epistaxis Sponges Sales and Revenue by Application (2020-2031)

7.5 Europe Growth Accelerators and Market Barriers

7.6 Europe Epistaxis Sponges Market Size by Country

7.6.1 Europe Revenue by Country

7.6.2 Europe Sales Trends by Country

7.6.3 Germany

7.6.4 France

7.6.5 U.K.

7.6.6 Italy

7.6.7 Russia

8 Asia-Pacific

8.1 Asia-Pacific Sales Volume and Revenue (2020-2031)

8.2 Asia-Pacific Key Manufacturers Sales Revenue in 2024

8.3 Asia-Pacific Epistaxis Sponges Sales and Revenue by Type (2020-2031)

8.4 Asia-Pacific Epistaxis Sponges Sales and Revenue by Application (2020-2031)

8.5 Asia-Pacific Epistaxis Sponges Market Size by Region

8.5.1 Asia-Pacific Revenue by Region

8.5.2 Asia-Pacific Sales Trends by Region

8.6 Asia-Pacific Growth Accelerators and Market Barriers

8.7 Southeast Asia

8.7.1 Southeast Asia Revenue by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)

8.7.2 Key Country Analysis: Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines

8.8 China

8.9 Japan

8.10 South Korea

8.11 China Taiwan

8.12 India

9 Central and South America

9.1 Central and South America Sales Volume and Revenue (2020-2031)

9.2 Central and South America Key Manufacturers Sales Revenue in 2024

9.3 Central and South America Epistaxis Sponges Sales and Revenue by Type (2020-2031)

9.4 Central and South America Epistaxis Sponges Sales and Revenue by Application (2020-2031)

9.5 Central and South America Investment Opportunities and Key Challenges

9.6 Central and South America Epistaxis Sponges Market Size by Country

9.6.1 Central and South America Revenue Trends by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)

9.6.2 Brazil

9.6.3 Argentina

10 Middle East and Africa

10.1 Middle East and Africa Sales Volume and Revenue (2020-2031)

10.2 Middle East and Africa Key Manufacturers Sales Revenue in 2024

10.3 Middle East and Africa Epistaxis Sponges Sales and Revenue by Type (2020-2031)

10.4 Middle East and Africa Epistaxis Sponges Sales and Revenue by Application (2020-2031)

10.5 Middle East and Africa Investment Opportunities and Key Challenges

10.6 Middle East and Africa Epistaxis Sponges Market Size by Country

10.6.1 Middle East and Africa Revenue Trends by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)

10.6.2 GCC Countries

10.6.3 Turkey

10.6.4 Egypt

10.6.5 South Africa

11 Corporate Profile

11.1 ArthroCare (Rapid Rhino)

11.1.1 ArthroCare (Rapid Rhino) Corporation Information

11.1.2 ArthroCare (Rapid Rhino) Business Overview

11.1.3 ArthroCare (Rapid Rhino) Epistaxis Sponges Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications

11.1.4 ArthroCare (Rapid Rhino) Epistaxis Sponges Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

11.1.5 ArthroCare (Rapid Rhino) Epistaxis Sponges Sales by Product in 2024

11.1.6 ArthroCare (Rapid Rhino) Epistaxis Sponges Sales by Application in 2024

11.1.7 ArthroCare (Rapid Rhino) Epistaxis Sponges Sales by Geographic Area in 2024

11.1.8 ArthroCare (Rapid Rhino) Epistaxis Sponges SWOT Analysis

11.1.9 ArthroCare (Rapid Rhino) Recent Developments

11.2 SPIGGLE & THEIS Medizintechnik GmbH

11.2.1 SPIGGLE & THEIS Medizintechnik GmbH Corporation Information

11.2.2 SPIGGLE & THEIS Medizintechnik GmbH Business Overview

11.2.3 SPIGGLE & THEIS Medizintechnik GmbH Epistaxis Sponges Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications

11.2.4 SPIGGLE & THEIS Medizintechnik GmbH Epistaxis Sponges Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

11.2.5 SPIGGLE & THEIS Medizintechnik GmbH Epistaxis Sponges Sales by Product in 2024

11.2.6 SPIGGLE & THEIS Medizintechnik GmbH Epistaxis Sponges Sales by Application in 2024

11.2.7 SPIGGLE & THEIS Medizintechnik GmbH Epistaxis Sponges Sales by Geographic Area in 2024

11.2.8 SPIGGLE & THEIS Medizintechnik GmbH Epistaxis Sponges SWOT Analysis

11.2.9 SPIGGLE & THEIS Medizintechnik GmbH Recent Developments

11.3 Invotec

11.3.1 Invotec Corporation Information

11.3.2 Invotec Business Overview

11.3.3 Invotec Epistaxis Sponges Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications

11.3.4 Invotec Epistaxis Sponges Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

11.3.5 Invotec Epistaxis Sponges Sales by Product in 2024

11.3.6 Invotec Epistaxis Sponges Sales by Application in 2024

11.3.7 Invotec Epistaxis Sponges Sales by Geographic Area in 2024

11.3.8 Invotec Epistaxis Sponges SWOT Analysis

11.3.9 Invotec Recent Developments

11.4 Medtronic

11.4.1 Medtronic Corporation Information

11.4.2 Medtronic Business Overview

11.4.3 Medtronic Epistaxis Sponges Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications

11.4.4 Medtronic Epistaxis Sponges Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

11.4.5 Medtronic Epistaxis Sponges Sales by Product in 2024

11.4.6 Medtronic Epistaxis Sponges Sales by Application in 2024

11.4.7 Medtronic Epistaxis Sponges Sales by Geographic Area in 2024

11.4.8 Medtronic Epistaxis Sponges SWOT Analysis

11.4.9 Medtronic Recent Developments

11.5 Stryker

11.5.1 Stryker Corporation Information

11.5.2 Stryker Business Overview

11.5.3 Stryker Epistaxis Sponges Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications

11.5.4 Stryker Epistaxis Sponges Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

11.5.5 Stryker Epistaxis Sponges Sales by Product in 2024

11.5.6 Stryker Epistaxis Sponges Sales by Application in 2024

11.5.7 Stryker Epistaxis Sponges Sales by Geographic Area in 2024

11.5.8 Stryker Epistaxis Sponges SWOT Analysis

11.5.9 Stryker Recent Developments

11.6 Aegis Lifesciences

11.6.1 Aegis Lifesciences Corporation Information

11.6.2 Aegis Lifesciences Business Overview

11.6.3 Aegis Lifesciences Epistaxis Sponges Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications

11.6.4 Aegis Lifesciences Epistaxis Sponges Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

11.6.5 Aegis Lifesciences Recent Developments

11.7 BenQ Materials Corporation

11.7.1 BenQ Materials Corporation Corporation Information

11.7.2 BenQ Materials Corporation Business Overview

11.7.3 BenQ Materials Corporation Epistaxis Sponges Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications

11.7.4 BenQ Materials Corporation Epistaxis Sponges Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

11.7.5 BenQ Materials Corporation Recent Developments

11.8 Olympus

11.8.1 Olympus Corporation Information

11.8.2 Olympus Business Overview

11.8.3 Olympus Epistaxis Sponges Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications

11.8.4 Olympus Epistaxis Sponges Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

11.8.5 Olympus Recent Developments

11.9 SDP Inc.

11.9.1 SDP Inc. Corporation Information

11.9.2 SDP Inc. Business Overview

11.9.3 SDP Inc. Epistaxis Sponges Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications

11.9.4 SDP Inc. Epistaxis Sponges Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

11.9.5 SDP Inc. Recent Developments

11.10 Meril Life Sciences

11.10.1 Meril Life Sciences Corporation Information

11.10.2 Meril Life Sciences Business Overview

11.10.3 Meril Life Sciences Epistaxis Sponges Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications

11.10.4 Meril Life Sciences Epistaxis Sponges Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

11.10.5 Meril Life Sciences Recent Developments

11.11 Network Medical Products Ltd.

11.11.1 Network Medical Products Ltd. Corporation Information

11.11.2 Network Medical Products Ltd. Business Overview

11.11.3 Network Medical Products Ltd. Epistaxis Sponges Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications

11.11.4 Network Medical Products Ltd. Epistaxis Sponges Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

11.11.5 Network Medical Products Ltd. Recent Developments

11.12 Innovia Medical

11.12.1 Innovia Medical Corporation Information

11.12.2 Innovia Medical Business Overview

11.12.3 Innovia Medical Epistaxis Sponges Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications

11.12.4 Innovia Medical Epistaxis Sponges Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

11.12.5 Innovia Medical Recent Developments

11.13 First Aid Bandage Company

11.13.1 First Aid Bandage Company Corporation Information

11.13.2 First Aid Bandage Company Business Overview

11.13.3 First Aid Bandage Company Epistaxis Sponges Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications

11.13.4 First Aid Bandage Company Epistaxis Sponges Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

11.13.5 First Aid Bandage Company Recent Developments

11.14 Neo Modulus

11.14.1 Neo Modulus Corporation Information

11.14.2 Neo Modulus Business Overview

11.14.3 Neo Modulus Epistaxis Sponges Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications

11.14.4 Neo Modulus Epistaxis Sponges Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

11.14.5 Neo Modulus Recent Developments

11.15 Huizhou Foryou Medical Devices

11.15.1 Huizhou Foryou Medical Devices Corporation Information

11.15.2 Huizhou Foryou Medical Devices Business Overview

11.15.3 Huizhou Foryou Medical Devices Epistaxis Sponges Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications

11.15.4 Huizhou Foryou Medical Devices Epistaxis Sponges Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

11.15.5 Huizhou Foryou Medical Devices Recent Developments

12 Value Chain and Supply-Chain Analysis

12.1 Epistaxis Sponges Industry Chain

12.2 Epistaxis Sponges Upstream Materials Analysis

12.2.1 Raw Materials

12.2.2 Key Suppliers Market Share & Risk Assessment

12.3 Epistaxis Sponges Integrated Production Analysis

12.3.1 Manufacturing Footprint Analysis

12.3.2 Regional Production Market Share (2020-2031)

12.3.3 Regulatory and Trade Policy Impact on Production

12.3.4 Production Technology Overview

12.3.5 Regional Cost Drivers

12.4 Epistaxis Sponges Sales Channels and Distribution Networks

12.4.1 Sales Channels

12.4.2 Distributors

13 Epistaxis Sponges Market Dynamics

13.1 Industry Trends and Evolution

13.2 Market Growth Drivers and Emerging Opportunities

13.3 Market Challenges, Risks, and Restraints

14 Key Findings in the Global Epistaxis Sponges Study

15 Appendix

15.1 Research Methodology

15.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach

15.1.1.1 Research Programs/Design

15.1.1.2 Market Size Estimation

15.1.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation

15.1.2 Data Source

15.1.2.1 Secondary Sources

15.1.2.2 Primary Sources

15.2 Author Details

FEATURED COMPANIES

SPIGGLE＆THEIS Medizintechnik GmbH

Invotec

Stryker

Aegis Lifesciences

BenQ Materials Corporation

Olympus

SDP

Meril Life Sciences

Network Medical Products Ltd.,

Innovia Medical

First Aid Bandage Company

Huizhou Foryou MEDICAL Devices

ArthroCare (Rapid Rhino)

Neo Modulus

List of Tables

Table 1. Global Epistaxis Sponges Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)

Table 2. Global Epistaxis Sponges Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)

Table 3. Global Epistaxis Sponges Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)

Table 4. Global Epistaxis Sponges Revenue by Region (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)

Table 5. Global Epistaxis Sponges Revenue by Region (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)

Table 6. Global Epistaxis Sponges Sales Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)

Table 7. Global Epistaxis Sponges Sales by Region (2020-2025) & (K Units)

Table 8. Global Epistaxis Sponges Sales by Region (2026-2031) & (K Units)

Table 9. Emerging Market Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) (US$ Million)

Table 10. Global Epistaxis Sponges Sales by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (K Units)

Table 11. Global Epistaxis Sponges Sales Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)

Table 12. Global Epistaxis Sponges Revenue by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)

Table 13. Global Epistaxis Sponges Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)

Table 14. Global Key Manufacturers’Ranking Shift (2023 vs. 2024) (Based on Revenue)

Table 15. Global Epistaxis Sponges by Manufacturer Tier (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Epistaxis Sponges as of 2024)

Table 16. Global Epistaxis Sponges Average Gross Margin (%) by Manufacturer (2020 VS 2024)

Table 17. Global Epistaxis Sponges Average Selling Price (ASP) by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (US$/Unit)

Table 18. Key Manufacturers Epistaxis Sponges Manufacturing Base and Headquarters

Table 19. Global Epistaxis Sponges Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)

Table 20. Key Market Entrant/Exit (2020-2024) – Drivers & Impact Analysis

Table 21. Key Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans, R&D Investment

Table 22. Global Epistaxis Sponges Sales by Type (2020-2025) & (K Units)

Table 23. Global Epistaxis Sponges Sales by Type (2026-2031) & (K Units)

Table 24. Global Epistaxis Sponges Revenue by Type (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)

Table 25. Global Epistaxis Sponges Revenue by Type (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)

Table 26. Global Epistaxis Sponges ASP by Type (2020-2031) & (US$/Unit)

Table 27. Technical Specifications by Key Product Type

Table 28. Global Epistaxis Sponges Sales by Application (2020-2025) & (K Units)

Table 29. Global Epistaxis Sponges Sales by Application (2026-2031) & (K Units)

Table 30. Epistaxis Sponges High-Growth Sectors Demand CAGR (2024-2031)

Table 31. Global Epistaxis Sponges Revenue by Application (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)

Table 32. Global Epistaxis Sponges Revenue by Application (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)

Table 33. Global Epistaxis Sponges ASP by Application (2020-2031) & (US$/Unit)

Table 34. Top Customers by Region

Table 35. Top Customers by Application

Table 36. North America Epistaxis Sponges Growth Accelerators and Market Barriers

Table 37. North America Epistaxis Sponges Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) (US$ Million)

Table 38. North America Epistaxis Sponges Sales (K Units) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)

Table 39. Europe Epistaxis Sponges Growth Accelerators and Market Barriers

Table 40. Europe Epistaxis Sponges Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)

Table 41. Europe Epistaxis Sponges Sales (K Units) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)

Table 42. Asia-Pacific Epistaxis Sponges Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)

Table 43. Asia-Pacific Epistaxis Sponges Sales (K Units) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)

Table 44. Asia-Pacific Epistaxis Sponges Growth Accelerators and Market Barriers

Table 45. Southeast Asia Epistaxis Sponges Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)

Table 46. Central and South America Epistaxis Sponges Investment Opportunities and Key Challenges

Table 47. Central and South America Epistaxis Sponges Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) (US$ Million)

Table 48. Middle East and Africa Epistaxis Sponges Investment Opportunities and Key Challenges

Table 49. Middle East and Africa Epistaxis Sponges Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) (US$ Million)

Table 50. ArthroCare (Rapid Rhino) Corporation Information

Table 51. ArthroCare (Rapid Rhino) Description and Major Businesses

Table 52. ArthroCare (Rapid Rhino) Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications

Table 53. ArthroCare (Rapid Rhino) Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

Table 54. ArthroCare (Rapid Rhino) Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024

Table 55. ArthroCare (Rapid Rhino) Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024

Table 56. ArthroCare (Rapid Rhino) Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024

Table 57. ArthroCare (Rapid Rhino) Epistaxis Sponges SWOT Analysis

Table 58. ArthroCare (Rapid Rhino) Recent Developments

Table 59. SPIGGLE & THEIS Medizintechnik GmbH Corporation Information

Table 60. SPIGGLE & THEIS Medizintechnik GmbH Description and Major Businesses

Table 61. SPIGGLE & THEIS Medizintechnik GmbH Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications

Table 62. SPIGGLE & THEIS Medizintechnik GmbH Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

Table 63. SPIGGLE & THEIS Medizintechnik GmbH Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024

Table 64. SPIGGLE & THEIS Medizintechnik GmbH Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024

Table 65. SPIGGLE & THEIS Medizintechnik GmbH Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024

Table 66. SPIGGLE & THEIS Medizintechnik GmbH Epistaxis Sponges SWOT Analysis

Table 67. SPIGGLE & THEIS Medizintechnik GmbH Recent Developments

Table 68. Invotec Corporation Information

Table 69. Invotec Description and Major Businesses

Table 70. Invotec Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications

Table 71. Invotec Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

Table 72. Invotec Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024

Table 73. Invotec Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024

Table 74. Invotec Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024

Table 75. Invotec Epistaxis Sponges SWOT Analysis

Table 76. Invotec Recent Developments

Table 77. Medtronic Corporation Information

Table 78. Medtronic Description and Major Businesses

Table 79. Medtronic Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications

Table 80. Medtronic Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

Table 81. Medtronic Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024

Table 82. Medtronic Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024

Table 83. Medtronic Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024

Table 84. Medtronic Epistaxis Sponges SWOT Analysis

Table 85. Medtronic Recent Developments

Table 86. Stryker Corporation Information

Table 87. Stryker Description and Major Businesses

Table 88. Stryker Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications

Table 89. Stryker Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

Table 90. Stryker Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024

Table 91. Stryker Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024

Table 92. Stryker Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024

Table 93. Stryker Epistaxis Sponges SWOT Analysis

Table 94. Stryker Recent Developments

Table 95. Aegis Lifesciences Corporation Information

Table 96. Aegis Lifesciences Description and Major Businesses

Table 97. Aegis Lifesciences Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications

Table 98. Aegis Lifesciences Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

Table 99. Aegis Lifesciences Recent Developments

Table 100. BenQ Materials Corporation Corporation Information

Table 101. BenQ Materials Corporation Description and Major Businesses

Table 102. BenQ Materials Corporation Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications

Table 103. BenQ Materials Corporation Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

Table 104. BenQ Materials Corporation Recent Developments

Table 105. Olympus Corporation Information

Table 106. Olympus Description and Major Businesses

Table 107. Olympus Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications

Table 108. Olympus Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

Table 109. Olympus Recent Developments

Table 110. SDP Inc. Corporation Information

Table 111. SDP Inc. Description and Major Businesses

Table 112. SDP Inc. Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications

Table 113. SDP Inc. Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

Table 114. SDP Inc. Recent Developments

Table 115. Meril Life Sciences Corporation Information

Table 116. Meril Life Sciences Description and Major Businesses

Table 117. Meril Life Sciences Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications

Table 118. Meril Life Sciences Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

Table 119. Meril Life Sciences Recent Developments

Table 120. Network Medical Products Ltd. Corporation Information

Table 121. Network Medical Products Ltd. Description and Major Businesses

Table 122. Network Medical Products Ltd. Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications

Table 123. Network Medical Products Ltd. Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

Table 124. Network Medical Products Ltd. Recent Developments

Table 125. Innovia Medical Corporation Information

Table 126. Innovia Medical Description and Major Businesses

Table 127. Innovia Medical Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications

Table 128. Innovia Medical Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

Table 129. Innovia Medical Recent Developments

Table 130. First Aid Bandage Company Corporation Information

Table 131. First Aid Bandage Company Description and Major Businesses

Table 132. First Aid Bandage Company Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications

Table 133. First Aid Bandage Company Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

Table 134. First Aid Bandage Company Recent Developments

Table 135. Neo Modulus Corporation Information

Table 136. Neo Modulus Description and Major Businesses

Table 137. Neo Modulus Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications

Table 138. Neo Modulus Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

Table 139. Neo Modulus Recent Developments

Table 140. Huizhou Foryou Medical Devices Corporation Information

Table 141. Huizhou Foryou Medical Devices Description and Major Businesses

Table 142. Huizhou Foryou Medical Devices Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications

Table 143. Huizhou Foryou Medical Devices Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

Table 144. Huizhou Foryou Medical Devices Recent Developments

Table 145. Key Raw Materials Distribution

Table 146. Raw Materials Key Suppliers

Table 147. Critical Raw Material Supplier Concentration (2024) & Risk Index

Table 148. Milestones in Production Technology Evolution

Table 149. Distributors List

Table 150. Market Trends and Market Evolution

Table 151. Market Drivers and Opportunities

Table 152. Market Challenges, Risks, and Restraints

Table 153. Research Programs/Design for This Report

Table 154. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources

Table 155. Key Data Information from Primary Sources

List of Figures

Figure 1. Epistaxis Sponges Product Picture

Figure 2. Global Epistaxis Sponges Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)

Figure 3. PVA Sponges Product Picture

Figure 4. Gelatin Sponges Product Picture

Figure 5. Others Product Picture

Figure 6. Global Epistaxis Sponges Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)

Figure 7. Nasal Surgery

Figure 8. Personal Use

Figure 9. Epistaxis Sponges Report Years Considered

Figure 10. Global Epistaxis Sponges Revenue, (US$ Million), 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031

Figure 11. Global Epistaxis Sponges Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Figure 12. Global Epistaxis Sponges Revenue (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)

Figure 13. Global Epistaxis Sponges Revenue Market Share by Region (2020-2031)

Figure 14. Global Epistaxis Sponges Sales (2020-2031) & (K Units)

Figure 15. Global Epistaxis Sponges Sales (CAGR) by Region (2020-2031) (K Units)

Figure 16. Global Epistaxis Sponges Sales Market Share by Region (2020-2031)

Figure 17. Top 5 and Top 10 Manufacturers Epistaxis Sponges Sales Volume Market Share in 2024

Figure 18. Global Epistaxis Sponges Revenue Market Share Ranking (2024)

Figure 19. Tier Distribution by Revenue Contribution (2020 VS 2024)

Figure 20. PVA Sponges Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024

Figure 21. Gelatin Sponges Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024

Figure 22. Others Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024

Figure 23. Global Epistaxis Sponges Sales Market Share by Type (2020-2031)

Figure 24. Global Epistaxis Sponges Revenue Market Share by Type (2020-2031)

Figure 25. Global Epistaxis Sponges Sales Market Share by Application (2020-2031)

Figure 26. Global Epistaxis Sponges Revenue Market Share by Application (2020-2031)

Figure 27. North America Epistaxis Sponges Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (K Units)

Figure 28. North America Epistaxis Sponges Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Figure 29. North America Top 5 Manufacturers Epistaxis Sponges Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024

Figure 30. North America Epistaxis Sponges Sales Volume (K Units) by Type (2020- 2031)

Figure 31. North America Epistaxis Sponges Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020 - 2031)

Figure 32. North America Epistaxis Sponges Sales Volume (K Units) by Application (2020-2031)

Figure 33. North America Epistaxis Sponges Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)

Figure 34. US Epistaxis Sponges Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Figure 35. Canada Epistaxis Sponges Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Figure 36. Mexico Epistaxis Sponges Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Figure 37. Europe Epistaxis Sponges Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (K Units)

Figure 38. Europe Epistaxis Sponges Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Figure 39. Europe Top 5 Manufacturers Epistaxis Sponges Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024

Figure 40. Europe Epistaxis Sponges Sales Volume (K Units) by Type (2020-2031)

Figure 41. Europe Epistaxis Sponges Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2031)

Figure 42. Europe Epistaxis Sponges Sales Volume (K Units) by Application (2020-2031)

Figure 43. Europe Epistaxis Sponges Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)

Figure 44. Germany Epistaxis Sponges Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Figure 45. France Epistaxis Sponges Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Figure 46. U.K. Epistaxis Sponges Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Figure 47. Italy Epistaxis Sponges Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Figure 48. Russia Epistaxis Sponges Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Figure 49. Asia-Pacific Epistaxis Sponges Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (K Units)

Figure 50. Asia-Pacific Epistaxis Sponges Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Figure 51. Asia-Pacific Top 8 Manufacturers Epistaxis Sponges Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024

Figure 52. Asia-Pacific Epistaxis Sponges Sales Volume (K Units) by Type (2020- 2031)

Figure 53. Asia-Pacific Epistaxis Sponges Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020- 2031)

Figure 54. Asia-Pacific Epistaxis Sponges Sales Volume (K Units) by Application (2020-2031)

Figure 55. Asia-Pacific Epistaxis Sponges Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)

Figure 56. Indonesia Epistaxis Sponges Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Figure 57. Japan Epistaxis Sponges Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Figure 58. South Korea Epistaxis Sponges Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Figure 59. China Taiwan Epistaxis Sponges Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Figure 60. India Epistaxis Sponges Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Figure 61. Central and South America Epistaxis Sponges Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (K Units)

Figure 62. Central and South America Epistaxis Sponges Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Figure 63. Central and South America Top 5 Manufacturers Epistaxis Sponges Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024

Figure 64. Central and South America Epistaxis Sponges Sales Volume (K Units) by Type (2021-2031)

Figure 65. Central and South America Epistaxis Sponges Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2031)

Figure 66. Central and South America Epistaxis Sponges Sales Volume (K Units) by Application (2020-2031)

Figure 67. Central and South America Epistaxis Sponges Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)

Figure 68. Brazil Epistaxis Sponges Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)

Figure 69. Argentina Epistaxis Sponges Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)

Figure 70. Middle East, and Africa Epistaxis Sponges Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (K Units)

Figure 71. Middle East and Africa Epistaxis Sponges Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)

Figure 72. Middle East and Africa Top 5 Manufacturers Epistaxis Sponges Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024

Figure 73. Middle East and Africa Epistaxis Sponges Sales Volume (K Units) by Type (2021-2031)

Figure 74. South America Epistaxis Sponges Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2031)

Figure 75. Middle East and Africa Epistaxis Sponges Sales Volume (K Units) by Application (2020-2031)

Figure 76. Middle East and Africa Epistaxis Sponges Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)

Figure 77. GCC Countries Epistaxis Sponges Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)

Figure 78. Turkey Epistaxis Sponges Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)

Figure 79. Egypt Epistaxis Sponges Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)

Figure 80. South Africa Epistaxis Sponges Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)

Figure 81. Epistaxis Sponges Industry Chain Mapping

Figure 82. Regional Epistaxis Sponges Manufacturing Base Distribution (%)

Figure 83. Global Epistaxis Sponges Production Market Share by Region (2020-2031)

Figure 84. Epistaxis Sponges Production Process

Figure 85. Regional Epistaxis Sponges Production Cost Structure

Figure 86. Channels of Distribution (Direct Vs Distribution)

Figure 87. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report

Figure 88. Data Triangulation

Figure 89. Key Executives Interviewed

SELECT A FORMAT

Added to Cart

Single User

Electronic (PDF)

$4900

This license allows only one user to access the PDF.

Multi User

Electronic (PDF)

$7350

This license allows 1 - 5 user to access the PDF, license is suitable for small groups of 5 users working together

Enterprise User

Electronic (PDF)

$9800

This license allows users/teams in a same Enterprise to use this report, various departments within an enterpise can use this report

Add to Cart

Buy Now (15% Discount)

HAVE A QUERY?

INQUIRE ABOUT REPORT EMAIL US

OUR CUSTOMER

Global Epistaxis Drugs Market Research Report 2024

Global Dissector Sponge Market Research Report 2024

Global Absorbable Collagen Hemostatic Sponge Market Research Report 2024

Global Biodegradable Expandable Hemostatic Sponge Market Research Report 2024

Global Blood Staunching Sponges Market Research Report 2025

Absorbable Hemostat Gelatin Sponge Global Market Share and Ranking Overall Sales and Demand Forecast 2024 2030

Global Rapid Rhino Epistaxis Device Market Research Report 2024

Gelatin Haemostatic Sponge Global Market Share and Ranking Overall Sales and Demand Forecast 2024 2030

Global Epistaxis Device Market Research Report 2024

Global Medical Surgical Sponge Market Research Report 2025

Global Disposable Surgical Sponge Market Research Report 2025

Global Absorbable Gelatin Sponge Market Insights Forecast to 2030

Surgical Hemostatic Sponge Global Market Share and Ranking Overall Sales and Demand Forecast 2024 2030

Global Sterile Surgical Sponge Market Research Report 2025

Epistaxis Global Market Share and Ranking Overall Sales and Demand Forecast 2024 2030

Clinical Hemostatic Material Global Market Share and Ranking Overall Sales and Demand Forecast 2024 2030

Epistaxis Packings Global Market Share and Ranking Overall Sales and Demand Forecast 2024 2030

Global Bioresorbable Nasal Packing Market Research Report 2025

Global Tonsil and Adenoid Sponges Market Research Report 2024

aluates Reports

Support Contacts

U.S. (TOLL FREE)

+1 (425) 388-2538

sales@valuates.com

THE COMPANY

OUR PRODUCTS

CUSTOMER SUPPORT

CONTACT
FAQ

POLICES

THE COMPANY

ABOUT US

CUSTOMER SUPPORT

CONTACT
FAQ

OUR PRODUCTS

POLICES

Sitemap - Privacy Policy - Terms & Conditions