Global Recovered Paper Market Research Report 2023

Paper has established itself as one of the indispensable materials in the packaging industry. 

The global Recovered Paper market was valued at US$ million in 2022 and is anticipated to reach US$ million by 2029, witnessing a CAGR of % during the forecast period 2023-2029. The influence of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War were considered while estimating market sizes.

Paper recycling is a key raw material for the papermaking process, representing a significant portion of the fiber used. However, because of the degradation of the fibers through the papermaking and recycling process, the limit to the amount of paper being recycled is slowly being approached. In addition, there are a number of grades of paper that are currently not recycled and will not be in the foreseeable future. This is particularly true for such personal care products such as toweling and tissue. Future improvements in recycling will need to deal mainly with the fiber quality issues

This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for Recovered Paper, with both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding Recovered Paper.

The Recovered Paper market size, estimations, and forecasts are provided in terms of output/shipments (K MT) and revenue ($ millions), considering 2022 as the base year, with history and forecast data for the period from 2018 to 2029. This report segments the global Recovered Paper market comprehensively. Regional market sizes, concerning products by type, by application and by players, are also provided.

For a more in-depth understanding of the market, the report provides profiles of the competitive landscape, key competitors, and their respective market ranks. The report also discusses technological trends and new product developments.

The report will help the Recovered Paper manufacturers, new entrants, and industry chain related companies in this market with information on the revenues, production, and average price for the overall market and the sub-segments across the different segments, by company, by type, by application, and by regions.

1.1 Product Definition

1.2 Recovered Paper Segment by Type

1.2.1 Global Recovered Paper Market Value Growth Rate Analysis by Type 2022 VS 2029

1.2.2 Low grade paper

1.2.3 High grade paper

1.2.4 White paper

1.2.5 Brown paper

1.3 Recovered Paper Segment by Application

1.3.1 Global Recovered Paper Market Value Growth Rate Analysis by Application: 2022 VS 2029

1.3.2 Food & beverage industry

1.3.3 Electrical and electronics industry

1.3.4 Automobile industry

1.3.5 Pharmaceuticals industry

1.3.6 Others

1.4 Global Market Growth Prospects

1.4.1 Global Recovered Paper Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2018-2029)

1.4.2 Global Recovered Paper Production Capacity Estimates and Forecasts (2018-2029)

1.4.3 Global Recovered Paper Production Estimates and Forecasts (2018-2029)

1.4.4 Global Recovered Paper Market Average Price Estimates and Forecasts (2018-2029)

1.5 Assumptions and Limitations

2.1 Global Recovered Paper Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2018-2023)

2.2 Global Recovered Paper Production Value Market Share by Manufacturers (2018-2023)

2.3 Global Key Players of Recovered Paper, Industry Ranking, 2021 VS 2022 VS 2023

2.4 Global Recovered Paper Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3)

2.5 Global Recovered Paper Average Price by Manufacturers (2018-2023)

2.6 Global Key Manufacturers of Recovered Paper, Manufacturing Base Distribution and Headquarters

2.7 Global Key Manufacturers of Recovered Paper, Product Offered and Application

2.8 Global Key Manufacturers of Recovered Paper, Date of Enter into This Industry

2.9 Recovered Paper Market Competitive Situation and Trends

2.9.1 Recovered Paper Market Concentration Rate

2.9.2 Global 5 and 10 Largest Recovered Paper Players Market Share by Revenue

2.10 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion

3.1 Global Recovered Paper Production Value Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029

3.2 Global Recovered Paper Production Value by Region (2018-2029)

3.2.1 Global Recovered Paper Production Value Market Share by Region (2018-2023)

3.2.2 Global Forecasted Production Value of Recovered Paper by Region (2024-2029)

3.3 Global Recovered Paper Production Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029

3.4 Global Recovered Paper Production by Region (2018-2029)

3.4.1 Global Recovered Paper Production Market Share by Region (2018-2023)

3.4.2 Global Forecasted Production of Recovered Paper by Region (2024-2029)

3.5 Global Recovered Paper Market Price Analysis by Region (2018-2023)

3.6 Global Recovered Paper Production and Value, Year-over-Year Growth

3.6.1 North America Recovered Paper Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2018-2029)

3.6.2 Europe Recovered Paper Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2018-2029)

3.6.3 China Recovered Paper Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2018-2029)

3.6.4 Japan Recovered Paper Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2018-2029)

4.1 Global Recovered Paper Consumption Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029

4.2 Global Recovered Paper Consumption by Region (2018-2029)

4.2.1 Global Recovered Paper Consumption by Region (2018-2023)

4.2.2 Global Recovered Paper Forecasted Consumption by Region (2024-2029)

4.3 North America

4.3.1 North America Recovered Paper Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029

4.3.2 North America Recovered Paper Consumption by Country (2018-2029)

4.3.3 U.S.

4.3.4 Canada

4.4 Europe

4.4.1 Europe Recovered Paper Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029

4.4.2 Europe Recovered Paper Consumption by Country (2018-2029)

4.4.3 Germany

4.4.4 France

4.4.5 U.K.

4.4.6 Italy

4.4.7 Russia

4.5 Asia Pacific

4.5.1 Asia Pacific Recovered Paper Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029

4.5.2 Asia Pacific Recovered Paper Consumption by Region (2018-2029)

4.5.3 China

4.5.4 Japan

4.5.5 South Korea

4.5.6 China Taiwan

4.5.7 Southeast Asia

4.5.8 India

4.6 Latin America, Middle East & Africa

4.6.1 Latin America, Middle East & Africa Recovered Paper Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029

4.6.2 Latin America, Middle East & Africa Recovered Paper Consumption by Country (2018-2029)

4.6.3 Mexico

4.6.4 Brazil

4.6.5 Turkey

5.1 Global Recovered Paper Production by Type (2018-2029)

5.1.1 Global Recovered Paper Production by Type (2018-2023)

5.1.2 Global Recovered Paper Production by Type (2024-2029)

5.1.3 Global Recovered Paper Production Market Share by Type (2018-2029)

5.2 Global Recovered Paper Production Value by Type (2018-2029)

5.2.1 Global Recovered Paper Production Value by Type (2018-2023)

5.2.2 Global Recovered Paper Production Value by Type (2024-2029)

5.2.3 Global Recovered Paper Production Value Market Share by Type (2018-2029)

5.3 Global Recovered Paper Price by Type (2018-2029)

6.1 Global Recovered Paper Production by Application (2018-2029)

6.1.1 Global Recovered Paper Production by Application (2018-2023)

6.1.2 Global Recovered Paper Production by Application (2024-2029)

6.1.3 Global Recovered Paper Production Market Share by Application (2018-2029)

6.2 Global Recovered Paper Production Value by Application (2018-2029)

6.2.1 Global Recovered Paper Production Value by Application (2018-2023)

6.2.2 Global Recovered Paper Production Value by Application (2024-2029)

6.2.3 Global Recovered Paper Production Value Market Share by Application (2018-2029)

6.3 Global Recovered Paper Price by Application (2018-2029)

7.1 Smurfit Kappa

7.1.1 Smurfit Kappa Recovered Paper Corporation Information

7.1.2 Smurfit Kappa Recovered Paper Product Portfolio

7.1.3 Smurfit Kappa Recovered Paper Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)

7.1.4 Smurfit Kappa Main Business and Markets Served

7.1.5 Smurfit Kappa Recent Developments/Updates

7.2 International Paper

7.2.1 International Paper Recovered Paper Corporation Information

7.2.2 International Paper Recovered Paper Product Portfolio

7.2.3 International Paper Recovered Paper Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)

7.2.4 International Paper Main Business and Markets Served

7.2.5 International Paper Recent Developments/Updates

7.3 American Eagle Paper Mills

7.3.1 American Eagle Paper Mills Recovered Paper Corporation Information

7.3.2 American Eagle Paper Mills Recovered Paper Product Portfolio

7.3.3 American Eagle Paper Mills Recovered Paper Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)

7.3.4 American Eagle Paper Mills Main Business and Markets Served

7.3.5 American Eagle Paper Mills Recent Developments/Updates

7.4 Stora Enso

7.4.1 Stora Enso Recovered Paper Corporation Information

7.4.2 Stora Enso Recovered Paper Product Portfolio

7.4.3 Stora Enso Recovered Paper Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)

7.4.4 Stora Enso Main Business and Markets Served

7.4.5 Stora Enso Recent Developments/Updates

7.5 Mondi Group

7.5.1 Mondi Group Recovered Paper Corporation Information

7.5.2 Mondi Group Recovered Paper Product Portfolio

7.5.3 Mondi Group Recovered Paper Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)

7.5.4 Mondi Group Main Business and Markets Served

7.5.5 Mondi Group Recent Developments/Updates

8.1 Recovered Paper Industry Chain Analysis

8.2 Recovered Paper Key Raw Materials

8.2.1 Key Raw Materials

8.2.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers

8.3 Recovered Paper Production Mode & Process

8.4 Recovered Paper Sales and Marketing

8.4.1 Recovered Paper Sales Channels

8.4.2 Recovered Paper Distributors

8.5 Recovered Paper Customers

9.1 Recovered Paper Industry Trends

9.2 Recovered Paper Market Drivers

9.3 Recovered Paper Market Challenges

9.4 Recovered Paper Market Restraints

11.1 Methodology/Research Approach

11.1.1 Research Programs/Design

11.1.2 Market Size Estimation

11.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation

11.2 Data Source

11.2.1 Secondary Sources

11.2.2 Primary Sources

11.3 Author List

11.4 Disclaimer

List of Tables

    Table 1. Global Recovered Paper Market Value by Type, (US$ Million) & (2022 VS 2029)

    Table 2. Global Recovered Paper Market Value by Application, (US$ Million) & (2022 VS 2029)

    Table 3. Global Recovered Paper Production Capacity (K MT) by Manufacturers in 2022

    Table 4. Global Recovered Paper Production by Manufacturers (2018-2023) & (K MT)

    Table 5. Global Recovered Paper Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2018-2023)

    Table 6. Global Recovered Paper Production Value by Manufacturers (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)

    Table 7. Global Recovered Paper Production Value Share by Manufacturers (2018-2023)

    Table 8. Global Recovered Paper Industry Ranking 2021 VS 2022 VS 2023

    Table 9. Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Recovered Paper as of 2022)

    Table 10. Global Market Recovered Paper Average Price by Manufacturers (USD/MT) & (2018-2023)

    Table 11. Manufacturers Recovered Paper Production Sites and Area Served

    Table 12. Manufacturers Recovered Paper Product Types

    Table 13. Global Recovered Paper Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)

    Table 14. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion

    Table 15. Global Recovered Paper Production Value by Region: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029 (US$ Million)

    Table 16. Global Recovered Paper Production Value (US$ Million) by Region (2018-2023)

    Table 17. Global Recovered Paper Production Value Market Share by Region (2018-2023)

    Table 18. Global Recovered Paper Production Value (US$ Million) Forecast by Region (2024-2029)

    Table 19. Global Recovered Paper Production Value Market Share Forecast by Region (2024-2029)

    Table 20. Global Recovered Paper Production Comparison by Region: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029 (K MT)

    Table 21. Global Recovered Paper Production (K MT) by Region (2018-2023)

    Table 22. Global Recovered Paper Production Market Share by Region (2018-2023)

    Table 23. Global Recovered Paper Production (K MT) Forecast by Region (2024-2029)

    Table 24. Global Recovered Paper Production Market Share Forecast by Region (2024-2029)

    Table 25. Global Recovered Paper Market Average Price (USD/MT) by Region (2018-2023)

    Table 26. Global Recovered Paper Market Average Price (USD/MT) by Region (2024-2029)

    Table 27. Global Recovered Paper Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029 (K MT)

    Table 28. Global Recovered Paper Consumption by Region (2018-2023) & (K MT)

    Table 29. Global Recovered Paper Consumption Market Share by Region (2018-2023)

    Table 30. Global Recovered Paper Forecasted Consumption by Region (2024-2029) & (K MT)

    Table 31. Global Recovered Paper Forecasted Consumption Market Share by Region (2018-2023)

    Table 32. North America Recovered Paper Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029 (K MT)

    Table 33. North America Recovered Paper Consumption by Country (2018-2023) & (K MT)

    Table 34. North America Recovered Paper Consumption by Country (2024-2029) & (K MT)

    Table 35. Europe Recovered Paper Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029 (K MT)

    Table 36. Europe Recovered Paper Consumption by Country (2018-2023) & (K MT)

    Table 37. Europe Recovered Paper Consumption by Country (2024-2029) & (K MT)

    Table 38. Asia Pacific Recovered Paper Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029 (K MT)

    Table 39. Asia Pacific Recovered Paper Consumption by Region (2018-2023) & (K MT)

    Table 40. Asia Pacific Recovered Paper Consumption by Region (2024-2029) & (K MT)

    Table 41. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Recovered Paper Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029 (K MT)

    Table 42. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Recovered Paper Consumption by Country (2018-2023) & (K MT)

    Table 43. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Recovered Paper Consumption by Country (2024-2029) & (K MT)

    Table 44. Global Recovered Paper Production (K MT) by Type (2018-2023)

    Table 45. Global Recovered Paper Production (K MT) by Type (2024-2029)

    Table 46. Global Recovered Paper Production Market Share by Type (2018-2023)

    Table 47. Global Recovered Paper Production Market Share by Type (2024-2029)

    Table 48. Global Recovered Paper Production Value (US$ Million) by Type (2018-2023)

    Table 49. Global Recovered Paper Production Value (US$ Million) by Type (2024-2029)

    Table 50. Global Recovered Paper Production Value Share by Type (2018-2023)

    Table 51. Global Recovered Paper Production Value Share by Type (2024-2029)

    Table 52. Global Recovered Paper Price (USD/MT) by Type (2018-2023)

    Table 53. Global Recovered Paper Price (USD/MT) by Type (2024-2029)

    Table 54. Global Recovered Paper Production (K MT) by Application (2018-2023)

    Table 55. Global Recovered Paper Production (K MT) by Application (2024-2029)

    Table 56. Global Recovered Paper Production Market Share by Application (2018-2023)

    Table 57. Global Recovered Paper Production Market Share by Application (2024-2029)

    Table 58. Global Recovered Paper Production Value (US$ Million) by Application (2018-2023)

    Table 59. Global Recovered Paper Production Value (US$ Million) by Application (2024-2029)

    Table 60. Global Recovered Paper Production Value Share by Application (2018-2023)

    Table 61. Global Recovered Paper Production Value Share by Application (2024-2029)

    Table 62. Global Recovered Paper Price (USD/MT) by Application (2018-2023)

    Table 63. Global Recovered Paper Price (USD/MT) by Application (2024-2029)

    Table 64. Smurfit Kappa Recovered Paper Corporation Information

    Table 65. Smurfit Kappa Specification and Application

    Table 66. Smurfit Kappa Recovered Paper Production (K MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2018-2023)

    Table 67. Smurfit Kappa Main Business and Markets Served

    Table 68. Smurfit Kappa Recent Developments/Updates

    Table 69. International Paper Recovered Paper Corporation Information

    Table 70. International Paper Specification and Application

    Table 71. International Paper Recovered Paper Production (K MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2018-2023)

    Table 72. International Paper Main Business and Markets Served

    Table 73. International Paper Recent Developments/Updates

    Table 74. American Eagle Paper Mills Recovered Paper Corporation Information

    Table 75. American Eagle Paper Mills Specification and Application

    Table 76. American Eagle Paper Mills Recovered Paper Production (K MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2018-2023)

    Table 77. American Eagle Paper Mills Main Business and Markets Served

    Table 78. American Eagle Paper Mills Recent Developments/Updates

    Table 79. Stora Enso Recovered Paper Corporation Information

    Table 80. Stora Enso Specification and Application

    Table 81. Stora Enso Recovered Paper Production (K MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2018-2023)

    Table 82. Stora Enso Main Business and Markets Served

    Table 83. Stora Enso Recent Developments/Updates

    Table 84. Mondi Group Recovered Paper Corporation Information

    Table 85. Mondi Group Specification and Application

    Table 86. Mondi Group Recovered Paper Production (K MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2018-2023)

    Table 87. Mondi Group Main Business and Markets Served

    Table 88. Mondi Group Recent Developments/Updates

    Table 89. Key Raw Materials Lists

    Table 90. Raw Materials Key Suppliers Lists

    Table 91. Recovered Paper Distributors List

    Table 92. Recovered Paper Customers List

    Table 93. Recovered Paper Market Trends

    Table 94. Recovered Paper Market Drivers

    Table 95. Recovered Paper Market Challenges

    Table 96. Recovered Paper Market Restraints

    Table 97. Research Programs/Design for This Report

    Table 98. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources

    Table 99. Key Data Information from Primary Sources

List of Figures

    Figure 1. Product Picture of Recovered Paper

    Figure 2. Global Recovered Paper Market Value by Type, (US$ Million) & (2022 VS 2029)

    Figure 3. Global Recovered Paper Market Share by Type: 2022 VS 2029

    Figure 4. Low grade paper Product Picture

    Figure 5. High grade paper Product Picture

    Figure 6. White paper Product Picture

    Figure 7. Brown paper Product Picture

    Figure 8. Global Recovered Paper Market Value by Application, (US$ Million) & (2022 VS 2029)

    Figure 9. Global Recovered Paper Market Share by Application: 2022 VS 2029

    Figure 10. Food & beverage industry

    Figure 11. Electrical and electronics industry

    Figure 12. Automobile industry

    Figure 13. Pharmaceuticals industry

    Figure 14. Others

    Figure 15. Global Recovered Paper Production Value (US$ Million), 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029

    Figure 16. Global Recovered Paper Production Value (US$ Million) & (2018-2029)

    Figure 17. Global Recovered Paper Production Capacity (K MT) & (2018-2029)

    Figure 18. Global Recovered Paper Production (K MT) & (2018-2029)

    Figure 19. Global Recovered Paper Average Price (USD/MT) & (2018-2029)

    Figure 20. Recovered Paper Report Years Considered

    Figure 21. Recovered Paper Production Share by Manufacturers in 2022

    Figure 22. Recovered Paper Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3): 2018 VS 2022

    Figure 23. The Global 5 and 10 Largest Players: Market Share by Recovered Paper Revenue in 2022

    Figure 24. Global Recovered Paper Production Value by Region: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029 (US$ Million)

    Figure 25. Global Recovered Paper Production Value Market Share by Region: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029

    Figure 26. Global Recovered Paper Production Comparison by Region: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029 (K MT)

    Figure 27. Global Recovered Paper Production Market Share by Region: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029

    Figure 28. North America Recovered Paper Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2018-2029)

    Figure 29. Europe Recovered Paper Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2018-2029)

    Figure 30. China Recovered Paper Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2018-2029)

    Figure 31. Japan Recovered Paper Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2018-2029)

    Figure 32. Global Recovered Paper Consumption by Region: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029 (K MT)

    Figure 33. Global Recovered Paper Consumption Market Share by Region: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029

    Figure 34. North America Recovered Paper Consumption and Growth Rate (2018-2023) & (K MT)

    Figure 35. North America Recovered Paper Consumption Market Share by Country (2018-2029)

    Figure 36. Canada Recovered Paper Consumption and Growth Rate (2018-2023) & (K MT)

    Figure 37. U.S. Recovered Paper Consumption and Growth Rate (2018-2023) & (K MT)

    Figure 38. Europe Recovered Paper Consumption and Growth Rate (2018-2023) & (K MT)

    Figure 39. Europe Recovered Paper Consumption Market Share by Country (2018-2029)

    Figure 40. Germany Recovered Paper Consumption and Growth Rate (2018-2023) & (K MT)

    Figure 41. France Recovered Paper Consumption and Growth Rate (2018-2023) & (K MT)

    Figure 42. U.K. Recovered Paper Consumption and Growth Rate (2018-2023) & (K MT)

    Figure 43. Italy Recovered Paper Consumption and Growth Rate (2018-2023) & (K MT)

    Figure 44. Russia Recovered Paper Consumption and Growth Rate (2018-2023) & (K MT)

    Figure 45. Asia Pacific Recovered Paper Consumption and Growth Rate (2018-2023) & (K MT)

    Figure 46. Asia Pacific Recovered Paper Consumption Market Share by Regions (2018-2029)

    Figure 47. China Recovered Paper Consumption and Growth Rate (2018-2023) & (K MT)

    Figure 48. Japan Recovered Paper Consumption and Growth Rate (2018-2023) & (K MT)

    Figure 49. South Korea Recovered Paper Consumption and Growth Rate (2018-2023) & (K MT)

    Figure 50. China Taiwan Recovered Paper Consumption and Growth Rate (2018-2023) & (K MT)

    Figure 51. Southeast Asia Recovered Paper Consumption and Growth Rate (2018-2023) & (K MT)

    Figure 52. India Recovered Paper Consumption and Growth Rate (2018-2023) & (K MT)

    Figure 53. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Recovered Paper Consumption and Growth Rate (2018-2023) & (K MT)

    Figure 54. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Recovered Paper Consumption Market Share by Country (2018-2029)

    Figure 55. Mexico Recovered Paper Consumption and Growth Rate (2018-2023) & (K MT)

    Figure 56. Brazil Recovered Paper Consumption and Growth Rate (2018-2023) & (K MT)

    Figure 57. Turkey Recovered Paper Consumption and Growth Rate (2018-2023) & (K MT)

    Figure 58. GCC Countries Recovered Paper Consumption and Growth Rate (2018-2023) & (K MT)

    Figure 59. Global Production Market Share of Recovered Paper by Type (2018-2029)

    Figure 60. Global Production Value Market Share of Recovered Paper by Type (2018-2029)

    Figure 61. Global Recovered Paper Price (USD/MT) by Type (2018-2029)

    Figure 62. Global Production Market Share of Recovered Paper by Application (2018-2029)

    Figure 63. Global Production Value Market Share of Recovered Paper by Application (2018-2029)

    Figure 64. Global Recovered Paper Price (USD/MT) by Application (2018-2029)

    Figure 65. Recovered Paper Value Chain

    Figure 66. Recovered Paper Production Process

    Figure 67. Channels of Distribution (Direct Vs Distribution)

    Figure 68. Distributors Profiles

    Figure 69. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report

    Figure 70. Data Triangulation