List of Tables
Table 1. Global Inorganic Filler Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Table 2. Major Manufacturers of Calcium Carbonate Filler
Table 3. Major Manufacturers of Silica Filler
Table 4. Major Manufacturers of Kaolin Filler
Table 5. Major Manufacturers of Talc Filler
Table 6. Major Manufacturers of Alumina Trihydrate Filler
Table 7. Major Manufacturers of Others
Table 8. Global Inorganic Filler Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Table 9. Global Inorganic Filler Production by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (K MT)
Table 10. Global Inorganic Filler Production by Region (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Table 11. Global Inorganic Filler Production by Region (2025-2030) & (K MT)
Table 12. Global Inorganic Filler Production Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table 13. Global Inorganic Filler Production Market Share by Region (2025-2030)
Table 14. Global Inorganic Filler Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Table 15. Global Inorganic Filler Revenue by Region (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 16. Global Inorganic Filler Revenue by Region (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 17. Global Inorganic Filler Revenue Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table 18. Global Inorganic Filler Revenue Market Share by Region (2025-2030)
Table 19. Global Inorganic Filler Sales Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Table 20. Global Inorganic Filler Sales by Region (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Table 21. Global Inorganic Filler Sales by Region (2025-2030) & (K MT)
Table 22. Global Inorganic Filler Sales Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table 23. Global Inorganic Filler Sales Market Share by Region (2025-2030)
Table 24. Global Inorganic Filler Sales by Manufacturers (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Table 25. Global Inorganic Filler Sales Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
Table 26. Global Inorganic Filler Revenue by Manufacturers (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 27. Global Inorganic Filler Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
Table 28. Inorganic Filler Price by Manufacturers 2019-2024 (USD/MT)
Table 29. Global Key Players of Inorganic Filler, Industry Ranking, 2022 VS 2023 VS 2024
Table 30. Global Inorganic Filler Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 31. Global Inorganic Filler by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Inorganic Filler as of 2023)
Table 32. Global Key Manufacturers of Inorganic Filler, Manufacturing Base Distribution and Headquarters
Table 33. Global Key Manufacturers of Inorganic Filler, Product Offered and Application
Table 34. Global Key Manufacturers of Inorganic Filler, Date of Enter into This Industry
Table 35. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table 36. Global Inorganic Filler Sales by Type (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Table 37. Global Inorganic Filler Sales by Type (2025-2030) & (K MT)
Table 38. Global Inorganic Filler Sales Share by Type (2019-2024)
Table 39. Global Inorganic Filler Sales Share by Type (2025-2030)
Table 40. Global Inorganic Filler Revenue by Type (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 41. Global Inorganic Filler Revenue by Type (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 42. Global Inorganic Filler Revenue Share by Type (2019-2024)
Table 43. Global Inorganic Filler Revenue Share by Type (2025-2030)
Table 44. Inorganic Filler Price by Type (2019-2024) & (USD/MT)
Table 45. Global Inorganic Filler Price Forecast by Type (2025-2030) & (USD/MT)
Table 46. Global Inorganic Filler Sales by Application (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Table 47. Global Inorganic Filler Sales by Application (2025-2030) & (K MT)
Table 48. Global Inorganic Filler Sales Share by Application (2019-2024)
Table 49. Global Inorganic Filler Sales Share by Application (2025-2030)
Table 50. Global Inorganic Filler Revenue by Application (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 51. Global Inorganic Filler Revenue by Application (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 52. Global Inorganic Filler Revenue Share by Application (2019-2024)
Table 53. Global Inorganic Filler Revenue Share by Application (2025-2030)
Table 54. Inorganic Filler Price by Application (2019-2024) & (USD/MT)
Table 55. Global Inorganic Filler Price Forecast by Application (2025-2030) & (USD/MT)
Table 56. US & Canada Inorganic Filler Sales by Type (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Table 57. US & Canada Inorganic Filler Sales by Type (2025-2030) & (K MT)
Table 58. US & Canada Inorganic Filler Revenue by Type (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 59. US & Canada Inorganic Filler Revenue by Type (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 60. US & Canada Inorganic Filler Sales by Application (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Table 61. US & Canada Inorganic Filler Sales by Application (2025-2030) & (K MT)
Table 62. US & Canada Inorganic Filler Revenue by Application (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 63. US & Canada Inorganic Filler Revenue by Application (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 64. US & Canada Inorganic Filler Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Table 65. US & Canada Inorganic Filler Revenue by Country (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 66. US & Canada Inorganic Filler Revenue by Country (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 67. US & Canada Inorganic Filler Sales by Country (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Table 68. US & Canada Inorganic Filler Sales by Country (2025-2030) & (K MT)
Table 69. Europe Inorganic Filler Sales by Type (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Table 70. Europe Inorganic Filler Sales by Type (2025-2030) & (K MT)
Table 71. Europe Inorganic Filler Revenue by Type (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 72. Europe Inorganic Filler Revenue by Type (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 73. Europe Inorganic Filler Sales by Application (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Table 74. Europe Inorganic Filler Sales by Application (2025-2030) & (K MT)
Table 75. Europe Inorganic Filler Revenue by Application (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 76. Europe Inorganic Filler Revenue by Application (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 77. Europe Inorganic Filler Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Table 78. Europe Inorganic Filler Revenue by Country (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 79. Europe Inorganic Filler Revenue by Country (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 80. Europe Inorganic Filler Sales by Country (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Table 81. Europe Inorganic Filler Sales by Country (2025-2030) & (K MT)
Table 82. China Inorganic Filler Sales by Type (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Table 83. China Inorganic Filler Sales by Type (2025-2030) & (K MT)
Table 84. China Inorganic Filler Revenue by Type (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 85. China Inorganic Filler Revenue by Type (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 86. China Inorganic Filler Sales by Application (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Table 87. China Inorganic Filler Sales by Application (2025-2030) & (K MT)
Table 88. China Inorganic Filler Revenue by Application (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 89. China Inorganic Filler Revenue by Application (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 90. Asia Inorganic Filler Sales by Type (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Table 91. Asia Inorganic Filler Sales by Type (2025-2030) & (K MT)
Table 92. Asia Inorganic Filler Revenue by Type (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 93. Asia Inorganic Filler Revenue by Type (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 94. Asia Inorganic Filler Sales by Application (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Table 95. Asia Inorganic Filler Sales by Application (2025-2030) & (K MT)
Table 96. Asia Inorganic Filler Revenue by Application (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 97. Asia Inorganic Filler Revenue by Application (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 98. Asia Inorganic Filler Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Table 99. Asia Inorganic Filler Revenue by Region (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 100. Asia Inorganic Filler Revenue by Region (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 101. Asia Inorganic Filler Sales by Region (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Table 102. Asia Inorganic Filler Sales by Region (2025-2030) & (K MT)
Table 103. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Inorganic Filler Sales by Type (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Table 104. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Inorganic Filler Sales by Type (2025-2030) & (K MT)
Table 105. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Inorganic Filler Revenue by Type (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 106. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Inorganic Filler Revenue by Type (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 107. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Inorganic Filler Sales by Application (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Table 108. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Inorganic Filler Sales by Application (2025-2030) & (K MT)
Table 109. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Inorganic Filler Revenue by Application (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 110. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Inorganic Filler Revenue by Application (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 111. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Inorganic Filler Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Table 112. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Inorganic Filler Revenue by Country (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 113. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Inorganic Filler Revenue by Country (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 114. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Inorganic Filler Sales by Country (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Table 115. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Inorganic Filler Sales by Country (2025-2030) & (K MT)
Table 116. OMYA AG Company Information
Table 117. OMYA AG Description and Major Businesses
Table 118. OMYA AG Inorganic Filler Capacity Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 119. OMYA AG Inorganic Filler Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 120. OMYA AG Recent Development
Table 121. Owens Corning Company Information
Table 122. Owens Corning Description and Major Businesses
Table 123. Owens Corning Inorganic Filler Capacity Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 124. Owens Corning Inorganic Filler Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 125. Owens Corning Recent Development
Table 126. Cabot Corporation Company Information
Table 127. Cabot Corporation Description and Major Businesses
Table 128. Cabot Corporation Inorganic Filler Capacity Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 129. Cabot Corporation Inorganic Filler Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 130. Cabot Corporation Recent Development
Table 131. Imerys Company Information
Table 132. Imerys Description and Major Businesses
Table 133. Imerys Inorganic Filler Capacity Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 134. Imerys Inorganic Filler Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 135. Imerys Recent Development
Table 136. Albemarle Corporation Company Information
Table 137. Albemarle Corporation Description and Major Businesses
Table 138. Albemarle Corporation Inorganic Filler Capacity Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 139. Albemarle Corporation Inorganic Filler Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 140. Albemarle Corporation Recent Development
Table 141. Nippon Chemical Industrial Company Information
Table 142. Nippon Chemical Industrial Description and Major Businesses
Table 143. Nippon Chemical Industrial Inorganic Filler Capacity Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 144. Nippon Chemical Industrial Inorganic Filler Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 145. Nippon Chemical Industrial Recent Development
Table 146. CHALCO Shandong Advanced Material Company Information
Table 147. CHALCO Shandong Advanced Material Description and Major Businesses
Table 148. CHALCO Shandong Advanced Material Inorganic Filler Capacity Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 149. CHALCO Shandong Advanced Material Inorganic Filler Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 150. CHALCO Shandong Advanced Material Recent Development
Table 151. Marubeni Europe Company Information
Table 152. Marubeni Europe Description and Major Businesses
Table 153. Marubeni Europe Inorganic Filler Capacity Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 154. Marubeni Europe Inorganic Filler Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 155. Marubeni Europe Recent Development
Table 156. Novista Group Company Information
Table 157. Novista Group Description and Major Businesses
Table 158. Novista Group Inorganic Filler Capacity Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 159. Novista Group Inorganic Filler Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 160. Novista Group Recent Development
Table 161. KISCO Ltd. Company Information
Table 162. KISCO Ltd. Description and Major Businesses
Table 163. KISCO Ltd. Inorganic Filler Capacity Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 164. KISCO Ltd. Inorganic Filler Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 165. KISCO Ltd. Recent Development
Table 166. Harmony Additive Pvt. Ltd Company Information
Table 167. Harmony Additive Pvt. Ltd Description and Major Businesses
Table 168. Harmony Additive Pvt. Ltd Inorganic Filler Capacity Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 169. Harmony Additive Pvt. Ltd Inorganic Filler Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 170. Harmony Additive Pvt. Ltd Recent Development
Table 171. Key Raw Materials Lists
Table 172. Raw Materials Key Suppliers Lists
Table 173. Inorganic Filler Distributors List
Table 174. Inorganic Filler Customers List
Table 175. Inorganic Filler Market Trends
Table 176. Inorganic Filler Market Drivers
Table 177. Inorganic Filler Market Challenges
Table 178. Inorganic Filler Market Restraints
Table 179. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 180. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 181. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
List of Figures
Figure 1. Inorganic Filler Product Picture
Figure 2. Global Inorganic Filler Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Figure 3. Global Inorganic Filler Market Share by Type in 2023 & 2030
Figure 4. Calcium Carbonate Filler Product Picture
Figure 5. Silica Filler Product Picture
Figure 6. Kaolin Filler Product Picture
Figure 7. Talc Filler Product Picture
Figure 8. Alumina Trihydrate Filler Product Picture
Figure 9. Others Product Picture
Figure 10. Global Inorganic Filler Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Figure 11. Global Inorganic Filler Market Share by Application in 2023 & 2030
Figure 12. Paper
Figure 13. Thermoplastics & Thermosets
Figure 14. Paints & coatings
Figure 15. Rubber
Figure 16. Adhesives & Sealants
Figure 17. Others
Figure 18. Inorganic Filler Report Years Considered
Figure 19. Global Inorganic Filler Capacity, Production and Utilization (2019-2030) & (K MT)
Figure 20. Global Inorganic Filler Production Market Share by Region in Percentage: 2023 Versus 2030
Figure 21. Global Inorganic Filler Production Market Share by Region (2019-2030)
Figure 22. Inorganic Filler Production Growth Rate in North America (2019-2030) & (K MT)
Figure 23. Inorganic Filler Production Growth Rate in Europe (2019-2030) & (K MT)
Figure 24. Inorganic Filler Production Growth Rate in China (2019-2030) & (K MT)
Figure 25. Inorganic Filler Production Growth Rate in Japan (2019-2030) & (K MT)
Figure 26. Inorganic Filler Production Growth Rate in India (2019-2030) & (K MT)
Figure 27. Global Inorganic Filler Revenue, (US$ Million), 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
Figure 28. Global Inorganic Filler Revenue 2019-2030 (US$ Million)
Figure 29. Global Inorganic Filler Revenue (CAGR) by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Figure 30. Global Inorganic Filler Revenue Market Share by Region in Percentage: 2023 Versus 2030
Figure 31. Global Inorganic Filler Revenue Market Share by Region (2019-2030)
Figure 32. Global Inorganic Filler Sales 2019-2030 ((K MT)
Figure 33. Global Inorganic Filler Sales (CAGR) by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (K MT)
Figure 34. Global Inorganic Filler Sales Market Share by Region (2019-2030)
Figure 35. US & Canada Inorganic Filler Sales YoY (2019-2030) & (K MT)
Figure 36. US & Canada Inorganic Filler Revenue YoY (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 37. Europe Inorganic Filler Sales YoY (2019-2030) & (K MT)
Figure 38. Europe Inorganic Filler Revenue YoY (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 39. China Inorganic Filler Sales YoY (2019-2030) & (K MT)
Figure 40. China Inorganic Filler Revenue YoY (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 41. Asia (excluding China) Inorganic Filler Sales YoY (2019-2030) & (K MT)
Figure 42. Asia (excluding China) Inorganic Filler Revenue YoY (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 43. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Inorganic Filler Sales YoY (2019-2030) & (K MT)
Figure 44. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Inorganic Filler Revenue YoY (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 45. The Inorganic Filler Market Share of Top 10 and Top 5 Largest Manufacturers Around the World in 2023
Figure 46. The Top 5 and 10 Largest Manufacturers of Inorganic Filler in the World: Market Share by Inorganic Filler Revenue in 2023
Figure 47. Global Inorganic Filler Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3): 2019 VS 2023
Figure 48. Global Inorganic Filler Sales Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 49. Global Inorganic Filler Revenue Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 50. Global Inorganic Filler Sales Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 51. Global Inorganic Filler Revenue Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 52. US & Canada Inorganic Filler Sales Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 53. US & Canada Inorganic Filler Revenue Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 54. US & Canada Inorganic Filler Sales Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 55. US & Canada Inorganic Filler Revenue Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 56. US & Canada Inorganic Filler Revenue Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure 57. US & Canada Inorganic Filler Sales Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure 58. U.S. Inorganic Filler Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 59. Canada Inorganic Filler Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 60. Europe Inorganic Filler Sales Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 61. Europe Inorganic Filler Revenue Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 62. Europe Inorganic Filler Sales Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 63. Europe Inorganic Filler Revenue Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 64. Europe Inorganic Filler Revenue Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure 65. Europe Inorganic Filler Sales Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure 66. Germany Inorganic Filler Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 67. France Inorganic Filler Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 68. U.K. Inorganic Filler Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 69. Italy Inorganic Filler Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 70. Russia Inorganic Filler Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 71. China Inorganic Filler Sales Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 72. China Inorganic Filler Revenue Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 73. China Inorganic Filler Sales Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 74. China Inorganic Filler Revenue Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 75. Asia Inorganic Filler Sales Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 76. Asia Inorganic Filler Revenue Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 77. Asia Inorganic Filler Sales Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 78. Asia Inorganic Filler Revenue Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 79. Asia Inorganic Filler Revenue Share by Region (2019-2030)
Figure 80. Asia Inorganic Filler Sales Share by Region (2019-2030)
Figure 81. Japan Inorganic Filler Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 82. South Korea Inorganic Filler Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 83. China Taiwan Inorganic Filler Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 84. Southeast Asia Inorganic Filler Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 85. India Inorganic Filler Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 86. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Inorganic Filler Sales Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 87. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Inorganic Filler Revenue Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 88. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Inorganic Filler Sales Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 89. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Inorganic Filler Revenue Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 90. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Inorganic Filler Revenue Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure 91. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Inorganic Filler Sales Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure 92. Brazil Inorganic Filler Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 93. Mexico Inorganic Filler Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 94. Turkey Inorganic Filler Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 95. Israel Inorganic Filler Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 96. GCC Countries Inorganic Filler Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 97. Inorganic Filler Value Chain
Figure 98. Inorganic Filler Production Process
Figure 99. Channels of Distribution
Figure 100. Distributors Profiles
Figure 101. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 102. Data Triangulation
Figure 103. Key Executives Interviewed