List of Tables
Table 1. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Market Value by Type, (US$ Million) & (2024 VS 2031)
Table 2. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Market Value by Application, (US$ Million) & (2024 VS 2031)
Table 3. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Production Capacity (K Units) by Manufacturers in 2024
Table 4. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Production by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 5. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 6. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Production Value by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 7. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Production Value Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 8. Global Key Players of Thermal Spray Equipment, Industry Ranking, 2023 VS 2024
Table 9. Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Production Value in Thermal Spray Equipment as of 2024)
Table 10. Global Market Thermal Spray Equipment Average Price by Manufacturers (USD/Unit) & (2020-2025)
Table 11. Global Key Manufacturers of Thermal Spray Equipment, Manufacturing Base Distribution and Headquarters
Table 12. Global Key Manufacturers of Thermal Spray Equipment, Product Offered and Application
Table 13. Global Key Manufacturers of Thermal Spray Equipment, Date of Enter into This Industry
Table 14. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 15. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table 16. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Production Value by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 17. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Production Value (US$ Million) by Region (2020-2025)
Table 18. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Production Value Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
Table 19. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Production Value (US$ Million) Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
Table 20. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Production Value Market Share Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
Table 21. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Production Comparison by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Table 22. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Production (K Units) by Region (2020-2025)
Table 23. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Production Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
Table 24. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Production (K Units) Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
Table 25. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Production Market Share Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
Table 26. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Market Average Price (USD/Unit) by Region (2020-2025)
Table 27. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Market Average Price (USD/Unit) by Region (2026-2031)
Table 28. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Table 29. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Consumption by Region (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 30. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Consumption Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
Table 31. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Forecasted Consumption by Region (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 32. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Forecasted Consumption Market Share by Region (2026-2031)
Table 33. North America Thermal Spray Equipment Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Table 34. North America Thermal Spray Equipment Consumption by Country (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 35. North America Thermal Spray Equipment Consumption by Country (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 36. Europe Thermal Spray Equipment Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Table 37. Europe Thermal Spray Equipment Consumption by Country (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 38. Europe Thermal Spray Equipment Consumption by Country (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 39. Asia Pacific Thermal Spray Equipment Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Table 40. Asia Pacific Thermal Spray Equipment Consumption by Region (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 41. Asia Pacific Thermal Spray Equipment Consumption by Region (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 42. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Thermal Spray Equipment Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Table 43. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Thermal Spray Equipment Consumption by Country (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 44. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Thermal Spray Equipment Consumption by Country (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 45. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Production (K Units) by Type (2020-2025)
Table 46. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Production (K Units) by Type (2026-2031)
Table 47. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Production Market Share by Type (2020-2025)
Table 48. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Production Market Share by Type (2026-2031)
Table 49. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Production Value (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2025)
Table 50. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Production Value (US$ Million) by Type (2026-2031)
Table 51. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Production Value Market Share by Type (2020-2025)
Table 52. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Production Value Market Share by Type (2026-2031)
Table 53. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Price (USD/Unit) by Type (2020-2025)
Table 54. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Price (USD/Unit) by Type (2026-2031)
Table 55. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Production (K Units) by Application (2020-2025)
Table 56. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Production (K Units) by Application (2026-2031)
Table 57. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Production Market Share by Application (2020-2025)
Table 58. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Production Market Share by Application (2026-2031)
Table 59. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Production Value (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2025)
Table 60. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Production Value (US$ Million) by Application (2026-2031)
Table 61. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Production Value Market Share by Application (2020-2025)
Table 62. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Production Value Market Share by Application (2026-2031)
Table 63. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Price (USD/Unit) by Application (2020-2025)
Table 64. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Price (USD/Unit) by Application (2026-2031)
Table 65. Air Products & Chemicals Thermal Spray Equipment Company Information
Table 66. Air Products & Chemicals Thermal Spray Equipment Specification and Application
Table 67. Air Products & Chemicals Thermal Spray Equipment Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 68. Air Products & Chemicals Main Business and Markets Served
Table 69. Air Products & Chemicals Recent Developments/Updates
Table 70. Arzell Thermal Spray Equipment Company Information
Table 71. Arzell Thermal Spray Equipment Specification and Application
Table 72. Arzell Thermal Spray Equipment Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 73. Arzell Main Business and Markets Served
Table 74. Arzell Recent Developments/Updates
Table 75. ASB Industries Thermal Spray Equipment Company Information
Table 76. ASB Industries Thermal Spray Equipment Specification and Application
Table 77. ASB Industries Thermal Spray Equipment Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 78. ASB Industries Main Business and Markets Served
Table 79. ASB Industries Recent Developments/Updates
Table 80. Bay State Surface Technologies Thermal Spray Equipment Company Information
Table 81. Bay State Surface Technologies Thermal Spray Equipment Specification and Application
Table 82. Bay State Surface Technologies Thermal Spray Equipment Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 83. Bay State Surface Technologies Main Business and Markets Served
Table 84. Bay State Surface Technologies Recent Developments/Updates
Table 85. Camfil Air Pollution Control Thermal Spray Equipment Company Information
Table 86. Camfil Air Pollution Control Thermal Spray Equipment Specification and Application
Table 87. Camfil Air Pollution Control Thermal Spray Equipment Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 88. Camfil Air Pollution Control Main Business and Markets Served
Table 89. Camfil Air Pollution Control Recent Developments/Updates
Table 90. Castolin Eutectic Thermal Spray Equipment Company Information
Table 91. Castolin Eutectic Thermal Spray Equipment Specification and Application
Table 92. Castolin Eutectic Thermal Spray Equipment Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 93. Castolin Eutectic Main Business and Markets Served
Table 94. Castolin Eutectic Recent Developments/Updates
Table 95. Donaldson Company Thermal Spray Equipment Company Information
Table 96. Donaldson Company Thermal Spray Equipment Specification and Application
Table 97. Donaldson Company Thermal Spray Equipment Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 98. Donaldson Company Main Business and Markets Served
Table 99. Donaldson Company Recent Developments/Updates
Table 100. Flame Spray Technologies Thermal Spray Equipment Company Information
Table 101. Flame Spray Technologies Thermal Spray Equipment Specification and Application
Table 102. Flame Spray Technologies Thermal Spray Equipment Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 103. Flame Spray Technologies Main Business and Markets Served
Table 104. Flame Spray Technologies Recent Developments/Updates
Table 105. Genie Products Thermal Spray Equipment Company Information
Table 106. Genie Products Thermal Spray Equipment Specification and Application
Table 107. Genie Products Thermal Spray Equipment Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 108. Genie Products Main Business and Markets Served
Table 109. Genie Products Recent Developments/Updates
Table 110. GTV Verschleiss-Schutz Thermal Spray Equipment Company Information
Table 111. GTV Verschleiss-Schutz Thermal Spray Equipment Specification and Application
Table 112. GTV Verschleiss-Schutz Thermal Spray Equipment Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 113. GTV Verschleiss-Schutz Main Business and Markets Served
Table 114. GTV Verschleiss-Schutz Recent Developments/Updates
Table 115. Imperial Systems Thermal Spray Equipment Company Information
Table 116. Imperial Systems Thermal Spray Equipment Specification and Application
Table 117. Imperial Systems Thermal Spray Equipment Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 118. Imperial Systems Main Business and Markets Served
Table 119. Imperial Systems Recent Developments/Updates
Table 120. Integrated Global Services Thermal Spray Equipment Company Information
Table 121. Integrated Global Services Thermal Spray Equipment Specification and Application
Table 122. Integrated Global Services Thermal Spray Equipment Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 123. Integrated Global Services Main Business and Markets Served
Table 124. Integrated Global Services Recent Developments/Updates
Table 125. Kennametl Stellite Thermal Spray Equipment Company Information
Table 126. Kennametl Stellite Thermal Spray Equipment Specification and Application
Table 127. Kennametl Stellite Thermal Spray Equipment Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 128. Kennametl Stellite Main Business and Markets Served
Table 129. Kennametl Stellite Recent Developments/Updates
Table 130. Lincoln Electric Holdings Thermal Spray Equipment Company Information
Table 131. Lincoln Electric Holdings Thermal Spray Equipment Specification and Application
Table 132. Lincoln Electric Holdings Thermal Spray Equipment Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 133. Lincoln Electric Holdings Main Business and Markets Served
Table 134. Lincoln Electric Holdings Recent Developments/Updates
Table 135. Metallisation Thermal Spray Equipment Company Information
Table 136. Metallisation Thermal Spray Equipment Specification and Application
Table 137. Metallisation Thermal Spray Equipment Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 138. Metallisation Main Business and Markets Served
Table 139. Metallisation Recent Developments/Updates
Table 140. Metallizing Equipment Thermal Spray Equipment Company Information
Table 141. Metallizing Equipment Thermal Spray Equipment Specification and Application
Table 142. Metallizing Equipment Thermal Spray Equipment Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 143. Metallizing Equipment Main Business and Markets Served
Table 144. Metallizing Equipment Recent Developments/Updates
Table 145. Oerlikon Metco Thermal Spray Equipment Company Information
Table 146. Oerlikon Metco Thermal Spray Equipment Specification and Application
Table 147. Oerlikon Metco Thermal Spray Equipment Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 148. Oerlikon Metco Main Business and Markets Served
Table 149. Oerlikon Metco Recent Developments/Updates
Table 150. Plasma Powders & Systems Thermal Spray Equipment Company Information
Table 151. Plasma Powders & Systems Thermal Spray Equipment Specification and Application
Table 152. Plasma Powders & Systems Thermal Spray Equipment Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 153. Plasma Powders & Systems Main Business and Markets Served
Table 154. Plasma Powders & Systems Recent Developments/Updates
Table 155. Powder Feed Dynamics Thermal Spray Equipment Company Information
Table 156. Powder Feed Dynamics Thermal Spray Equipment Specification and Application
Table 157. Powder Feed Dynamics Thermal Spray Equipment Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 158. Powder Feed Dynamics Main Business and Markets Served
Table 159. Powder Feed Dynamics Recent Developments/Updates
Table 160. Praxair Surface Technologies Thermal Spray Equipment Company Information
Table 161. Praxair Surface Technologies Thermal Spray Equipment Specification and Application
Table 162. Praxair Surface Technologies Thermal Spray Equipment Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 163. Praxair Surface Technologies Main Business and Markets Served
Table 164. Praxair Surface Technologies Recent Developments/Updates
Table 165. Progressive Surface Thermal Spray Equipment Company Information
Table 166. Progressive Surface Thermal Spray Equipment Specification and Application
Table 167. Progressive Surface Thermal Spray Equipment Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 168. Progressive Surface Main Business and Markets Served
Table 169. Progressive Surface Recent Developments/Updates
Table 170. Saint Gobain Thermal Spray Equipment Company Information
Table 171. Saint Gobain Thermal Spray Equipment Specification and Application
Table 172. Saint Gobain Thermal Spray Equipment Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 173. Saint Gobain Main Business and Markets Served
Table 174. Saint Gobain Recent Developments/Updates
Table 175. Supersonic Spray Technologies (CenterLine) Thermal Spray Equipment Company Information
Table 176. Supersonic Spray Technologies (CenterLine) Thermal Spray Equipment Specification and Application
Table 177. Supersonic Spray Technologies (CenterLine) Thermal Spray Equipment Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 178. Supersonic Spray Technologies (CenterLine) Main Business and Markets Served
Table 179. Supersonic Spray Technologies (CenterLine) Recent Developments/Updates
Table 180. Thermach Thermal Spray Equipment Company Information
Table 181. Thermach Thermal Spray Equipment Specification and Application
Table 182. Thermach Thermal Spray Equipment Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 183. Thermach Main Business and Markets Served
Table 184. Thermach Recent Developments/Updates
Table 185. Thermion Thermal Spray Equipment Company Information
Table 186. Thermion Thermal Spray Equipment Specification and Application
Table 187. Thermion Thermal Spray Equipment Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 188. Thermion Main Business and Markets Served
Table 189. Thermion Recent Developments/Updates
Table 190. UnitedCoatings Group Thermal Spray Equipment Company Information
Table 191. UnitedCoatings Group Thermal Spray Equipment Specification and Application
Table 192. UnitedCoatings Group Thermal Spray Equipment Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 193. UnitedCoatings Group Main Business and Markets Served
Table 194. UnitedCoatings Group Recent Developments/Updates
Table 195. Key Raw Materials Lists
Table 196. Raw Materials Key Suppliers Lists
Table 197. Thermal Spray Equipment Distributors List
Table 198. Thermal Spray Equipment Customers List
Table 199. Thermal Spray Equipment Market Trends
Table 200. Thermal Spray Equipment Market Drivers
Table 201. Thermal Spray Equipment Market Challenges
Table 202. Thermal Spray Equipment Market Restraints
Table 203. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 204. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 205. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
Table 206. Authors List of This Report
List of Figures
Figure 1. Product Picture of Thermal Spray Equipment
Figure 2. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Market Value by Type, (US$ Million) & (2020-2031)
Figure 3. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Market Share by Type: 2024 VS 2031
Figure 4. Dust Collection Equipment Product Picture
Figure 5. Spray Guns & Nozzles Product Picture
Figure 6. Feeder Equipment Product Picture
Figure 7. Spare Parts Product Picture
Figure 8. Noise-Reducing Enclosures Product Picture
Figure 9. Others Product Picture
Figure 10. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Market Value by Application, (US$ Million) & (2020-2031)
Figure 11. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Market Share by Application: 2024 VS 2031
Figure 12. Automotive
Figure 13. Aerospace
Figure 14. Industrial Gas Turbines
Figure 15. Energy & Power
Figure 16. Electronics
Figure 17. Oil & Gas
Figure 18. Medical Devices
Figure 19. Others
Figure 20. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Production Value (US$ Million), 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 21. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Production Value (US$ Million) & (2020-2031)
Figure 22. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Production Capacity (K Units) & (2020-2031)
Figure 23. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Production (K Units) & (2020-2031)
Figure 24. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Average Price (USD/Unit) & (2020-2031)
Figure 25. Thermal Spray Equipment Report Years Considered
Figure 26. Thermal Spray Equipment Production Share by Manufacturers in 2024
Figure 27. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Production Value Share by Manufacturers (2024)
Figure 28. Thermal Spray Equipment Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3): 2020 VS 2024
Figure 29. The Global 5 and 10 Largest Players: Market Share by Thermal Spray Equipment Revenue in 2024
Figure 30. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Production Value by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 31. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Production Value Market Share by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 32. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Production Comparison by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Figure 33. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Production Market Share by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 34. North America Thermal Spray Equipment Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 35. Europe Thermal Spray Equipment Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 36. China Thermal Spray Equipment Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 37. Japan Thermal Spray Equipment Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 38. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Consumption by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Figure 39. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Consumption Market Share by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 40. North America Thermal Spray Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 41. North America Thermal Spray Equipment Consumption Market Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 42. U.S. Thermal Spray Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 43. Canada Thermal Spray Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 44. Europe Thermal Spray Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 45. Europe Thermal Spray Equipment Consumption Market Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 46. Germany Thermal Spray Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 47. France Thermal Spray Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 48. U.K. Thermal Spray Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 49. Italy Thermal Spray Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 50. Netherlands Thermal Spray Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 51. Asia Pacific Thermal Spray Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 52. Asia Pacific Thermal Spray Equipment Consumption Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 53. China Thermal Spray Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 54. Japan Thermal Spray Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 55. South Korea Thermal Spray Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 56. China Taiwan Thermal Spray Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 57. Southeast Asia Thermal Spray Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 58. India Thermal Spray Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 59. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Thermal Spray Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 60. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Thermal Spray Equipment Consumption Market Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 61. Mexico Thermal Spray Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 62. Brazil Thermal Spray Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 63. Turkey Thermal Spray Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 64. GCC Countries Thermal Spray Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 65. Global Production Market Share of Thermal Spray Equipment by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 66. Global Production Value Market Share of Thermal Spray Equipment by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 67. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Price (USD/Unit) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 68. Global Production Market Share of Thermal Spray Equipment by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 69. Global Production Value Market Share of Thermal Spray Equipment by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 70. Global Thermal Spray Equipment Price (USD/Unit) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 71. Thermal Spray Equipment Value Chain
Figure 72. Channels of Distribution (Direct Vs Distribution)
Figure 73. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 74. Data Triangulation
