List of Tables
Table 1. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Market Value by Type, (US$ Million) & (2024 VS 2031)
Table 2. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Market Value by Application, (US$ Million) & (2024 VS 2031)
Table 3. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production Capacity (Units) by Manufacturers in 2024
Table 4. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (Units)
Table 5. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 6. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production Value by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 7. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production Value Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 8. Global Key Players of Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment, Industry Ranking, 2023 VS 2024
Table 9. Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Production Value in Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment as of 2024)
Table 10. Global Market Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Average Price by Manufacturers (US$/Unit) & (2020-2025)
Table 11. Global Key Manufacturers of Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment, Manufacturing Base Distribution and Headquarters
Table 12. Global Key Manufacturers of Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment, Product Offered and Application
Table 13. Global Key Manufacturers of Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment, Date of Enter into This Industry
Table 14. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 15. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table 16. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production Value by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 17. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production Value (US$ Million) by Region (2020-2025)
Table 18. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production Value Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
Table 19. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production Value (US$ Million) Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
Table 20. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production Value Market Share Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
Table 21. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production Comparison by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (Units)
Table 22. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production (Units) by Region (2020-2025)
Table 23. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
Table 24. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production (Units) Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
Table 25. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production Market Share Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
Table 26. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Market Average Price (US$/Unit) by Region (2020-2025)
Table 27. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Market Average Price (US$/Unit) by Region (2026-2031)
Table 28. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (Units)
Table 29. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Consumption by Region (2020-2025) & (Units)
Table 30. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Consumption Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
Table 31. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Forecasted Consumption by Region (2026-2031) & (Units)
Table 32. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Forecasted Consumption Market Share by Region (2026-2031)
Table 33. North America Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (Units)
Table 34. North America Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Consumption by Country (2020-2025) & (Units)
Table 35. North America Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Consumption by Country (2026-2031) & (Units)
Table 36. Europe Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (Units)
Table 37. Europe Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Consumption by Country (2020-2025) & (Units)
Table 38. Europe Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Consumption by Country (2026-2031) & (Units)
Table 39. Asia Pacific Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (Units)
Table 40. Asia Pacific Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Consumption by Region (2020-2025) & (Units)
Table 41. Asia Pacific Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Consumption by Region (2026-2031) & (Units)
Table 42. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (Units)
Table 43. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Consumption by Country (2020-2025) & (Units)
Table 44. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Consumption by Country (2026-2031) & (Units)
Table 45. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production (Units) by Type (2020-2025)
Table 46. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production (Units) by Type (2026-2031)
Table 47. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production Market Share by Type (2020-2025)
Table 48. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production Market Share by Type (2026-2031)
Table 49. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production Value (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2025)
Table 50. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production Value (US$ Million) by Type (2026-2031)
Table 51. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production Value Market Share by Type (2020-2025)
Table 52. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production Value Market Share by Type (2026-2031)
Table 53. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Price (US$/Unit) by Type (2020-2025)
Table 54. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Price (US$/Unit) by Type (2026-2031)
Table 55. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production (Units) by Application (2020-2025)
Table 56. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production (Units) by Application (2026-2031)
Table 57. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production Market Share by Application (2020-2025)
Table 58. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production Market Share by Application (2026-2031)
Table 59. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production Value (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2025)
Table 60. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production Value (US$ Million) by Application (2026-2031)
Table 61. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production Value Market Share by Application (2020-2025)
Table 62. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production Value Market Share by Application (2026-2031)
Table 63. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Price (US$/Unit) by Application (2020-2025)
Table 64. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Price (US$/Unit) by Application (2026-2031)
Table 65. Comex Group Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Company Information
Table 66. Comex Group Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Specification and Application
Table 67. Comex Group Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production (Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 68. Comex Group Main Business and Markets Served
Table 69. Comex Group Recent Developments/Updates
Table 70. TOMRA Systems Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Company Information
Table 71. TOMRA Systems Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Specification and Application
Table 72. TOMRA Systems Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production (Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 73. TOMRA Systems Main Business and Markets Served
Table 74. TOMRA Systems Recent Developments/Updates
Table 75. STEINERT Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Company Information
Table 76. STEINERT Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Specification and Application
Table 77. STEINERT Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production (Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 78. STEINERT Main Business and Markets Served
Table 79. STEINERT Recent Developments/Updates
Table 80. Binder+Co Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Company Information
Table 81. Binder+Co Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Specification and Application
Table 82. Binder+Co Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production (Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 83. Binder+Co Main Business and Markets Served
Table 84. Binder+Co Recent Developments/Updates
Table 85. IMS Engineering Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Company Information
Table 86. IMS Engineering Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Specification and Application
Table 87. IMS Engineering Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production (Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 88. IMS Engineering Main Business and Markets Served
Table 89. IMS Engineering Recent Developments/Updates
Table 90. Bourevestnik, JSC Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Company Information
Table 91. Bourevestnik, JSC Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Specification and Application
Table 92. Bourevestnik, JSC Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production (Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 93. Bourevestnik, JSC Main Business and Markets Served
Table 94. Bourevestnik, JSC Recent Developments/Updates
Table 95. Saideep Vibrators Pvt Ltd Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Company Information
Table 96. Saideep Vibrators Pvt Ltd Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Specification and Application
Table 97. Saideep Vibrators Pvt Ltd Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production (Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 98. Saideep Vibrators Pvt Ltd Main Business and Markets Served
Table 99. Saideep Vibrators Pvt Ltd Recent Developments/Updates
Table 100. Metso Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Company Information
Table 101. Metso Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Specification and Application
Table 102. Metso Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production (Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 103. Metso Main Business and Markets Served
Table 104. Metso Recent Developments/Updates
Table 105. Color Sorter Group Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Company Information
Table 106. Color Sorter Group Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Specification and Application
Table 107. Color Sorter Group Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production (Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 108. Color Sorter Group Main Business and Markets Served
Table 109. Color Sorter Group Recent Developments/Updates
Table 110. Meiteng Technology Co., Ltd Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Company Information
Table 111. Meiteng Technology Co., Ltd Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Specification and Application
Table 112. Meiteng Technology Co., Ltd Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production (Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 113. Meiteng Technology Co., Ltd Main Business and Markets Served
Table 114. Meiteng Technology Co., Ltd Recent Developments/Updates
Table 115. Hongshi Optoelectronic High Tech Co., Ltd Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Company Information
Table 116. Hongshi Optoelectronic High Tech Co., Ltd Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Specification and Application
Table 117. Hongshi Optoelectronic High Tech Co., Ltd Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production (Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 118. Hongshi Optoelectronic High Tech Co., Ltd Main Business and Markets Served
Table 119. Hongshi Optoelectronic High Tech Co., Ltd Recent Developments/Updates
Table 120. Shenzhou Manufacturing Group Co Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Company Information
Table 121. Shenzhou Manufacturing Group Co Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Specification and Application
Table 122. Shenzhou Manufacturing Group Co Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production (Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 123. Shenzhou Manufacturing Group Co Main Business and Markets Served
Table 124. Shenzhou Manufacturing Group Co Recent Developments/Updates
Table 125. Zhongke Photoelectric Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Company Information
Table 126. Zhongke Photoelectric Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Specification and Application
Table 127. Zhongke Photoelectric Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production (Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 128. Zhongke Photoelectric Main Business and Markets Served
Table 129. Zhongke Photoelectric Recent Developments/Updates
Table 130. Taihe Intelligent Technology Group Co.,Ltd Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Company Information
Table 131. Taihe Intelligent Technology Group Co.,Ltd Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Specification and Application
Table 132. Taihe Intelligent Technology Group Co.,Ltd Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production (Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 133. Taihe Intelligent Technology Group Co.,Ltd Main Business and Markets Served
Table 134. Taihe Intelligent Technology Group Co.,Ltd Recent Developments/Updates
Table 135. Honest Technology co.,Ltd Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Company Information
Table 136. Honest Technology co.,Ltd Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Specification and Application
Table 137. Honest Technology co.,Ltd Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production (Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 138. Honest Technology co.,Ltd Main Business and Markets Served
Table 139. Honest Technology co.,Ltd Recent Developments/Updates
Table 140. Good Friend Technology co.,Ltd Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Company Information
Table 141. Good Friend Technology co.,Ltd Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Specification and Application
Table 142. Good Friend Technology co.,Ltd Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production (Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 143. Good Friend Technology co.,Ltd Main Business and Markets Served
Table 144. Good Friend Technology co.,Ltd Recent Developments/Updates
Table 145. Key Raw Materials Lists
Table 146. Raw Materials Key Suppliers Lists
Table 147. Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Distributors List
Table 148. Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Customers List
Table 149. Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Market Trends
Table 150. Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Market Drivers
Table 151. Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Market Challenges
Table 152. Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Market Restraints
Table 153. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 154. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 155. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
Table 156. Authors List of This Report
List of Figures
Figure 1. Product Picture of Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment
Figure 2. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Market Value by Type, (US$ Million) & (2020-2031)
Figure 3. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Market Share by Type: 2024 VS 2031
Figure 4. Color Sorting Machine Product Picture
Figure 5. Dry Sorting Machine Product Picture
Figure 6. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Market Value by Application, (US$ Million) & (2020-2031)
Figure 7. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Market Share by Application: 2024 VS 2031
Figure 8. Mine
Figure 9. Factory
Figure 10. Others
Figure 11. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production Value (US$ Million), 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 12. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production Value (US$ Million) & (2020-2031)
Figure 13. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production Capacity (Units) & (2020-2031)
Figure 14. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production (Units) & (2020-2031)
Figure 15. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Average Price (US$/Unit) & (2020-2031)
Figure 16. Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Report Years Considered
Figure 17. Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production Share by Manufacturers in 2024
Figure 18. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production Value Share by Manufacturers (2024)
Figure 19. Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3): 2020 VS 2024
Figure 20. The Global 5 and 10 Largest Players: Market Share by Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Revenue in 2024
Figure 21. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production Value by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 22. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production Value Market Share by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 23. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production Comparison by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (Units)
Figure 24. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production Market Share by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 25. North America Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 26. Europe Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 27. China Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 28. Japan Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 29. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Consumption by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (Units)
Figure 30. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Consumption Market Share by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 31. North America Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 32. North America Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Consumption Market Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 33. U.S. Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 34. Canada Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 35. Europe Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 36. Europe Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Consumption Market Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 37. Germany Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 38. France Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 39. U.K. Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 40. Italy Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 41. Netherlands Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 42. Asia Pacific Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 43. Asia Pacific Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Consumption Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 44. China Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 45. Japan Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 46. South Korea Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 47. China Taiwan Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 48. Southeast Asia Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 49. India Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 50. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 51. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Consumption Market Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 52. Mexico Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 53. Brazil Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 54. Turkey Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 55. GCC Countries Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 56. Global Production Market Share of Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 57. Global Production Value Market Share of Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 58. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Price (US$/Unit) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 59. Global Production Market Share of Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 60. Global Production Value Market Share of Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 61. Global Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Price (US$/Unit) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 62. Coal and Mineral Intelligent Sorting Equipment Value Chain
Figure 63. Channels of Distribution (Direct Vs Distribution)
Figure 64. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 65. Data Triangulation