List of Tables
Table 1. Global Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 2. Global Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 3. Global Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 4. Global Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Revenue by Region (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 5. Global Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Revenue by Region (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 6. Global Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Sales Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Sqm)
Table 7. Global Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Sales by Region (2020-2025) & (K Sqm)
Table 8. Global Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Sales by Region (2026-2031) & (K Sqm)
Table 9. Emerging Market Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) (US$ Million)
Table 10. Global Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Production Growth Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Sqm)
Table 11. Global Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Production by Region (2020-2025) & (K Sqm)
Table 12. Global Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Production by Region (2026-2031) & (K Sqm)
Table 13. Global Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Sales by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (K Sqm)
Table 14. Global Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Sales Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 15. Global Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Revenue by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 16. Global Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 17. Global Key Manufacturers’Ranking Shift (2023 vs. 2024) (Based on Revenue)
Table 18. Global Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film by Manufacturer Tier (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film as of 2024)
Table 19. Global Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Average Gross Margin (%) by Manufacturer (2020 VS 2024)
Table 20. Global Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Average Selling Price (ASP) by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (US$/Sq m)
Table 21. Key Manufacturers Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Manufacturing Base and Headquarters
Table 22. Global Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 23. Key Market Entrant/Exit (2020-2024) – Drivers & Impact Analysis
Table 24. Key Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans, R&D Investment
Table 25. Global Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Sales by Type (2020-2025) & (K Sqm)
Table 26. Global Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Sales by Type (2026-2031) & (K Sqm)
Table 27. Global Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Revenue by Type (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 28. Global Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Revenue by Type (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 29. Global Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film ASP by Type (2020-2031) & (US$/Sq m)
Table 30. Technical Specifications by Key Product Type
Table 31. Global Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Sales by Application (2020-2025) & (K Sqm)
Table 32. Global Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Sales by Application (2026-2031) & (K Sqm)
Table 33. Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film High-Growth Sectors Demand CAGR (2024-2031)
Table 34. Global Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Revenue by Application (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 35. Global Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Revenue by Application (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 36. Global Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film ASP by Application (2020-2031) & (US$/Sq m)
Table 37. Top Customers by Region
Table 38. Top Customers by Application
Table 39. North America Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Growth Accelerators and Market Barriers
Table 40. North America Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) (US$ Million)
Table 41. North America Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Sales (K Sqm) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
Table 42. Europe Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Growth Accelerators and Market Barriers
Table 43. Europe Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 44. Europe Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Sales (K Sqm) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
Table 45. Asia-Pacific Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 46. Asia-Pacific Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Sales (K Sqm) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
Table 47. Asia-Pacific Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Growth Accelerators and Market Barriers
Table 48. Southeast Asia Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 49. Central and South America Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Investment Opportunities and Key Challenges
Table 50. Central and South America Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) (US$ Million)
Table 51. Middle East and Africa Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Investment Opportunities and Key Challenges
Table 52. Middle East and Africa Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) (US$ Million)
Table 53. Pamica Corporation Information
Table 54. Pamica Description and Major Businesses
Table 55. Pamica Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 56. Pamica Capacity, Sales (K Sqm), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sq m) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 57. Pamica Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 58. Pamica Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 59. Pamica Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 60. Pamica Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film SWOT Analysis
Table 61. Pamica Recent Developments
Table 62. Foshan Mecca Mica Products Corporation Information
Table 63. Foshan Mecca Mica Products Description and Major Businesses
Table 64. Foshan Mecca Mica Products Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 65. Foshan Mecca Mica Products Capacity, Sales (K Sqm), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sq m) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 66. Foshan Mecca Mica Products Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 67. Foshan Mecca Mica Products Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 68. Foshan Mecca Mica Products Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 69. Foshan Mecca Mica Products Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film SWOT Analysis
Table 70. Foshan Mecca Mica Products Recent Developments
Table 71. Sino-Japan Electric Heater Corporation Information
Table 72. Sino-Japan Electric Heater Description and Major Businesses
Table 73. Sino-Japan Electric Heater Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 74. Sino-Japan Electric Heater Capacity, Sales (K Sqm), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sq m) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 75. Sino-Japan Electric Heater Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 76. Sino-Japan Electric Heater Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 77. Sino-Japan Electric Heater Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 78. Sino-Japan Electric Heater Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film SWOT Analysis
Table 79. Sino-Japan Electric Heater Recent Developments
Table 80. CHASM Advanced Materials Corporation Information
Table 81. CHASM Advanced Materials Description and Major Businesses
Table 82. CHASM Advanced Materials Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 83. CHASM Advanced Materials Capacity, Sales (K Sqm), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sq m) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 84. CHASM Advanced Materials Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 85. CHASM Advanced Materials Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 86. CHASM Advanced Materials Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 87. CHASM Advanced Materials Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film SWOT Analysis
Table 88. CHASM Advanced Materials Recent Developments
Table 89. Geomatec Corporation Information
Table 90. Geomatec Description and Major Businesses
Table 91. Geomatec Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 92. Geomatec Capacity, Sales (K Sqm), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sq m) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 93. Geomatec Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 94. Geomatec Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 95. Geomatec Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 96. Geomatec Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film SWOT Analysis
Table 97. Geomatec Recent Developments
Table 98. Canatu Corporation Information
Table 99. Canatu Description and Major Businesses
Table 100. Canatu Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 101. Canatu Capacity, Sales (K Sqm), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sq m) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 102. Canatu Recent Developments
Table 103. Heatron Corporation Information
Table 104. Heatron Description and Major Businesses
Table 105. Heatron Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 106. Heatron Capacity, Sales (K Sqm), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sq m) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 107. Heatron Recent Developments
Table 108. KOREA Heating Corporation Information
Table 109. KOREA Heating Description and Major Businesses
Table 110. KOREA Heating Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 111. KOREA Heating Capacity, Sales (K Sqm), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sq m) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 112. KOREA Heating Recent Developments
Table 113. Jaye Heater Technology Corporation Information
Table 114. Jaye Heater Technology Description and Major Businesses
Table 115. Jaye Heater Technology Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 116. Jaye Heater Technology Capacity, Sales (K Sqm), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sq m) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 117. Jaye Heater Technology Recent Developments
Table 118. FPC membrane switch Corporation Information
Table 119. FPC membrane switch Description and Major Businesses
Table 120. FPC membrane switch Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 121. FPC membrane switch Capacity, Sales (K Sqm), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sq m) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 122. FPC membrane switch Recent Developments
Table 123. Beno Electric Corporation Information
Table 124. Beno Electric Description and Major Businesses
Table 125. Beno Electric Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 126. Beno Electric Capacity, Sales (K Sqm), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sq m) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 127. Beno Electric Recent Developments
Table 128. Rexva Corporation Information
Table 129. Rexva Description and Major Businesses
Table 130. Rexva Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 131. Rexva Capacity, Sales (K Sqm), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sq m) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 132. Rexva Recent Developments
Table 133. Fullchance Corporation Information
Table 134. Fullchance Description and Major Businesses
Table 135. Fullchance Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 136. Fullchance Capacity, Sales (K Sqm), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sq m) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 137. Fullchance Recent Developments
Table 138. Key Raw Materials Distribution
Table 139. Raw Materials Key Suppliers
Table 140. Critical Raw Material Supplier Concentration (2024) & Risk Index
Table 141. Milestones in Production Technology Evolution
Table 142. Distributors List
Table 143. Market Trends and Market Evolution
Table 144. Market Drivers and Opportunities
Table 145. Market Challenges, Risks, and Restraints
Table 146. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 147. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 148. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
List of Figures
Figure 1. Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Product Picture
Figure 2. Global Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 3. Single Layer Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Product Picture
Figure 4. Double Layer Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Product Picture
Figure 5. Global Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 6. Electrical Industry
Figure 7. Medical Industry
Figure 8. Automobile Industry
Figure 9. Others
Figure 10. Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Report Years Considered
Figure 11. Global Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Revenue, (US$ Million), 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 12. Global Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 13. Global Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Revenue (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 14. Global Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Revenue Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 15. Global Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Sales (2020-2031) & (K Sqm)
Figure 16. Global Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Sales (CAGR) by Region (2020-2031) (K Sqm)
Figure 17. Global Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Sales Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 18. Global Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Capacity, Production and Utilization (2020-2031) & (K Sqm)
Figure 19. Global Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Production Trend by Region (2020-2031) (K Sqm)
Figure 20. Global Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Production Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 21. Production Capacity Enablers & Constraints
Figure 22. Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Production Growth Rate in North America (2020-2031) & (K Sqm)
Figure 23. Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Production Growth Rate in Europe (2020-2031) & (K Sqm)
Figure 24. Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Production Growth Rate in China (2020-2031) & (K Sqm)
Figure 25. Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Production Growth Rate in Japan (2020-2031) & (K Sqm)
Figure 26. Top 5 and Top 10 Manufacturers Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Sales Volume Market Share in 2024
Figure 27. Global Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Revenue Market Share Ranking (2024)
Figure 28. Tier Distribution by Revenue Contribution (2020 VS 2024)
Figure 29. Single Layer Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 30. Double Layer Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 31. Type Eight Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 32. Type Nine Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 33. Global Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Sales Market Share by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 34. Global Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Revenue Market Share by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 35. Global Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Sales Market Share by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 36. Global Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Revenue Market Share by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 37. North America Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (K Sqm)
Figure 38. North America Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 39. North America Top 5 Manufacturers Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 40. North America Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Sales Volume (K Sqm) by Type (2020- 2031)
Figure 41. North America Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020 - 2031)
Figure 42. North America Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Sales Volume (K Sqm) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 43. North America Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 44. US Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 45. Canada Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 46. Mexico Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 47. Europe Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (K Sqm)
Figure 48. Europe Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 49. Europe Top 5 Manufacturers Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 50. Europe Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Sales Volume (K Sqm) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 51. Europe Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 52. Europe Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Sales Volume (K Sqm) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 53. Europe Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 54. Germany Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 55. France Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 56. U.K. Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 57. Italy Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 58. Russia Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 59. Asia-Pacific Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (K Sqm)
Figure 60. Asia-Pacific Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 61. Asia-Pacific Top 8 Manufacturers Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 62. Asia-Pacific Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Sales Volume (K Sqm) by Type (2020- 2031)
Figure 63. Asia-Pacific Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020- 2031)
Figure 64. Asia-Pacific Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Sales Volume (K Sqm) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 65. Asia-Pacific Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 66. Indonesia Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 67. Japan Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 68. South Korea Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 69. China Taiwan Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 70. India Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 71. Central and South America Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (K Sqm)
Figure 72. Central and South America Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 73. Central and South America Top 5 Manufacturers Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 74. Central and South America Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Sales Volume (K Sqm) by Type (2021-2031)
Figure 75. Central and South America Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 76. Central and South America Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Sales Volume (K Sqm) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 77. Central and South America Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 78. Brazil Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 79. Argentina Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 80. Middle East, and Africa Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (K Sqm)
Figure 81. Middle East and Africa Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 82. Middle East and Africa Top 5 Manufacturers Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 83. Middle East and Africa Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Sales Volume (K Sqm) by Type (2021-2031)
Figure 84. South America Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 85. Middle East and Africa Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Sales Volume (K Sqm) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 86. Middle East and Africa Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 87. GCC Countries Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 88. Turkey Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 89. Egypt Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 90. South Africa Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 91. Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Industry Chain Mapping
Figure 92. Regional Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Manufacturing Base Distribution (%)
Figure 93. Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Production Process
Figure 94. Regional Mica Crystal Silicon Electric Heating Film Production Cost Structure
Figure 95. Channels of Distribution (Direct Vs Distribution)
Figure 96. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 97. Data Triangulation
Figure 98. Key Executives Interviewed
