List of Tables
Table 1. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Market Value by Type, (US$ Million) & (2024 VS 2031)
Table 2. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Market Value by Application, (US$ Million) & (2024 VS 2031)
Table 3. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production Capacity (K Units) by Manufacturers in 2024
Table 4. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 5. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 6. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production Value by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 7. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production Value Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 8. Global Key Players of Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip, Industry Ranking, 2023 VS 2024
Table 9. Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Production Value in Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip as of 2024)
Table 10. Global Market Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Average Price by Manufacturers (US$/Unit) & (2020-2025)
Table 11. Global Key Manufacturers of Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip, Manufacturing Base Distribution and Headquarters
Table 12. Global Key Manufacturers of Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip, Product Offered and Application
Table 13. Global Key Manufacturers of Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip, Date of Enter into This Industry
Table 14. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 15. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table 16. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production Value by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 17. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production Value (US$ Million) by Region (2020-2025)
Table 18. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production Value Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
Table 19. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production Value (US$ Million) Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
Table 20. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production Value Market Share Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
Table 21. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production Comparison by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Table 22. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production (K Units) by Region (2020-2025)
Table 23. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
Table 24. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production (K Units) Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
Table 25. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production Market Share Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
Table 26. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Market Average Price (US$/Unit) by Region (2020-2025)
Table 27. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Market Average Price (US$/Unit) by Region (2026-2031)
Table 28. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Table 29. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Consumption by Region (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 30. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Consumption Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
Table 31. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Forecasted Consumption by Region (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 32. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Forecasted Consumption Market Share by Region (2026-2031)
Table 33. North America Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Table 34. North America Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Consumption by Country (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 35. North America Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Consumption by Country (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 36. Europe Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Table 37. Europe Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Consumption by Country (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 38. Europe Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Consumption by Country (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 39. Asia Pacific Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Table 40. Asia Pacific Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Consumption by Region (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 41. Asia Pacific Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Consumption by Region (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 42. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Table 43. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Consumption by Country (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 44. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Consumption by Country (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 45. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production (K Units) by Type (2020-2025)
Table 46. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production (K Units) by Type (2026-2031)
Table 47. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production Market Share by Type (2020-2025)
Table 48. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production Market Share by Type (2026-2031)
Table 49. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production Value (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2025)
Table 50. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production Value (US$ Million) by Type (2026-2031)
Table 51. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production Value Market Share by Type (2020-2025)
Table 52. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production Value Market Share by Type (2026-2031)
Table 53. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Price (US$/Unit) by Type (2020-2025)
Table 54. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Price (US$/Unit) by Type (2026-2031)
Table 55. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production (K Units) by Application (2020-2025)
Table 56. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production (K Units) by Application (2026-2031)
Table 57. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production Market Share by Application (2020-2025)
Table 58. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production Market Share by Application (2026-2031)
Table 59. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production Value (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2025)
Table 60. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production Value (US$ Million) by Application (2026-2031)
Table 61. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production Value Market Share by Application (2020-2025)
Table 62. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production Value Market Share by Application (2026-2031)
Table 63. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Price (US$/Unit) by Application (2020-2025)
Table 64. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Price (US$/Unit) by Application (2026-2031)
Table 65. Qualcomm Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Company Information
Table 66. Qualcomm Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Specification and Application
Table 67. Qualcomm Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 68. Qualcomm Main Business and Markets Served
Table 69. Qualcomm Recent Developments/Updates
Table 70. NVIDIA Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Company Information
Table 71. NVIDIA Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Specification and Application
Table 72. NVIDIA Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 73. NVIDIA Main Business and Markets Served
Table 74. NVIDIA Recent Developments/Updates
Table 75. Intel Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Company Information
Table 76. Intel Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Specification and Application
Table 77. Intel Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 78. Intel Main Business and Markets Served
Table 79. Intel Recent Developments/Updates
Table 80. Renesas Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Company Information
Table 81. Renesas Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Specification and Application
Table 82. Renesas Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 83. Renesas Main Business and Markets Served
Table 84. Renesas Recent Developments/Updates
Table 85. Samsung Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Company Information
Table 86. Samsung Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Specification and Application
Table 87. Samsung Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 88. Samsung Main Business and Markets Served
Table 89. Samsung Recent Developments/Updates
Table 90. MediaTek Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Company Information
Table 91. MediaTek Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Specification and Application
Table 92. MediaTek Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 93. MediaTek Main Business and Markets Served
Table 94. MediaTek Recent Developments/Updates
Table 95. Huawei Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Company Information
Table 96. Huawei Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Specification and Application
Table 97. Huawei Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 98. Huawei Main Business and Markets Served
Table 99. Huawei Recent Developments/Updates
Table 100. STMicroelectronics Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Company Information
Table 101. STMicroelectronics Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Specification and Application
Table 102. STMicroelectronics Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 103. STMicroelectronics Main Business and Markets Served
Table 104. STMicroelectronics Recent Developments/Updates
Table 105. NXP Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Company Information
Table 106. NXP Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Specification and Application
Table 107. NXP Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 108. NXP Main Business and Markets Served
Table 109. NXP Recent Developments/Updates
Table 110. Texas Instruments Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Company Information
Table 111. Texas Instruments Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Specification and Application
Table 112. Texas Instruments Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 113. Texas Instruments Main Business and Markets Served
Table 114. Texas Instruments Recent Developments/Updates
Table 115. AMD Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Company Information
Table 116. AMD Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Specification and Application
Table 117. AMD Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 118. AMD Main Business and Markets Served
Table 119. AMD Recent Developments/Updates
Table 120. ARM Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Company Information
Table 121. ARM Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Specification and Application
Table 122. ARM Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 123. ARM Main Business and Markets Served
Table 124. ARM Recent Developments/Updates
Table 125. ADI Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Company Information
Table 126. ADI Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Specification and Application
Table 127. ADI Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 128. ADI Main Business and Markets Served
Table 129. ADI Recent Developments/Updates
Table 130. Telechips Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Company Information
Table 131. Telechips Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Specification and Application
Table 132. Telechips Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 133. Telechips Main Business and Markets Served
Table 134. Telechips Recent Developments/Updates
Table 135. SemiDrive Technology Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Company Information
Table 136. SemiDrive Technology Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Specification and Application
Table 137. SemiDrive Technology Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 138. SemiDrive Technology Main Business and Markets Served
Table 139. SemiDrive Technology Recent Developments/Updates
Table 140. SiEngine Technology Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Company Information
Table 141. SiEngine Technology Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Specification and Application
Table 142. SiEngine Technology Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 143. SiEngine Technology Main Business and Markets Served
Table 144. SiEngine Technology Recent Developments/Updates
Table 145. AllwinnerTechnology Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Company Information
Table 146. AllwinnerTechnology Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Specification and Application
Table 147. AllwinnerTechnology Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 148. AllwinnerTechnology Main Business and Markets Served
Table 149. AllwinnerTechnology Recent Developments/Updates
Table 150. Horizon Robotics Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Company Information
Table 151. Horizon Robotics Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Specification and Application
Table 152. Horizon Robotics Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 153. Horizon Robotics Main Business and Markets Served
Table 154. Horizon Robotics Recent Developments/Updates
Table 155. AutoChips Inc. Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Company Information
Table 156. AutoChips Inc. Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Specification and Application
Table 157. AutoChips Inc. Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 158. AutoChips Inc. Main Business and Markets Served
Table 159. AutoChips Inc. Recent Developments/Updates
Table 160. Rockchip Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Company Information
Table 161. Rockchip Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Specification and Application
Table 162. Rockchip Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 163. Rockchip Main Business and Markets Served
Table 164. Rockchip Recent Developments/Updates
Table 165. Black Sesame Technologies Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Company Information
Table 166. Black Sesame Technologies Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Specification and Application
Table 167. Black Sesame Technologies Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 168. Black Sesame Technologies Main Business and Markets Served
Table 169. Black Sesame Technologies Recent Developments/Updates
Table 170. UNISOC Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Company Information
Table 171. UNISOC Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Specification and Application
Table 172. UNISOC Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 173. UNISOC Main Business and Markets Served
Table 174. UNISOC Recent Developments/Updates
Table 175. Key Raw Materials Lists
Table 176. Raw Materials Key Suppliers Lists
Table 177. Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Distributors List
Table 178. Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Customers List
Table 179. Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Market Trends
Table 180. Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Market Drivers
Table 181. Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Market Challenges
Table 182. Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Market Restraints
Table 183. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 184. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 185. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
Table 186. Authors List of This Report
List of Figures
Figure 1. Product Picture of Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip
Figure 2. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Market Value by Type, (US$ Million) & (2020-2031)
Figure 3. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Market Share by Type: 2024 VS 2031
Figure 4. 5nm Product Picture
Figure 5. 7nm Product Picture
Figure 6. 11nm Product Picture
Figure 7. Others Product Picture
Figure 8. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Market Value by Application, (US$ Million) & (2020-2031)
Figure 9. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Market Share by Application: 2024 VS 2031
Figure 10. Passenger Car
Figure 11. Commercial Vehicle
Figure 12. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production Value (US$ Million), 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 13. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production Value (US$ Million) & (2020-2031)
Figure 14. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production Capacity (K Units) & (2020-2031)
Figure 15. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production (K Units) & (2020-2031)
Figure 16. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Average Price (US$/Unit) & (2020-2031)
Figure 17. Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Report Years Considered
Figure 18. Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production Share by Manufacturers in 2024
Figure 19. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production Value Share by Manufacturers (2024)
Figure 20. Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3): 2020 VS 2024
Figure 21. The Global 5 and 10 Largest Players: Market Share by Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Revenue in 2024
Figure 22. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production Value by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 23. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production Value Market Share by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 24. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production Comparison by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Figure 25. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production Market Share by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 26. North America Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 27. Europe Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 28. China Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 29. Japan Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 30. South Korea Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 31. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Consumption by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Figure 32. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Consumption Market Share by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 33. North America Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 34. North America Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Consumption Market Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 35. U.S. Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 36. Canada Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 37. Europe Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 38. Europe Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Consumption Market Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 39. Germany Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 40. France Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 41. U.K. Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 42. Italy Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 43. Netherlands Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 44. Asia Pacific Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 45. Asia Pacific Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Consumption Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 46. China Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 47. Japan Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 48. South Korea Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 49. China Taiwan Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 50. Southeast Asia Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 51. India Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 52. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 53. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Consumption Market Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 54. Mexico Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 55. Brazil Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 56. Israel Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 57. Global Production Market Share of Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 58. Global Production Value Market Share of Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 59. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Price (US$/Unit) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 60. Global Production Market Share of Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 61. Global Production Value Market Share of Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 62. Global Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Price (US$/Unit) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 63. Automobile Intelligent Cockpit Chip Value Chain
Figure 64. Channels of Distribution (Direct Vs Distribution)
Figure 65. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 66. Data Triangulation
