List of Tables
Table 1. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Market Value by Type, (US$ Million) & (2024 VS 2031)
Table 2. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Market Value by Application, (US$ Million) & (2024 VS 2031)
Table 3. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production Capacity (K Units) by Manufacturers in 2024
Table 4. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 5. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 6. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production Value by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 7. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production Value Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 8. Global Key Players of Uncrewed Surface Vessels, Industry Ranking, 2023 VS 2024
Table 9. Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Production Value in Uncrewed Surface Vessels as of 2024)
Table 10. Global Market Uncrewed Surface Vessels Average Price by Manufacturers (US$/Unit) & (2020-2025)
Table 11. Global Key Manufacturers of Uncrewed Surface Vessels, Manufacturing Base Distribution and Headquarters
Table 12. Global Key Manufacturers of Uncrewed Surface Vessels, Product Offered and Application
Table 13. Global Key Manufacturers of Uncrewed Surface Vessels, Date of Enter into This Industry
Table 14. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 15. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table 16. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production Value by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 17. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production Value (US$ Million) by Region (2020-2025)
Table 18. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production Value Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
Table 19. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production Value (US$ Million) Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
Table 20. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production Value Market Share Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
Table 21. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production Comparison by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Table 22. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production (K Units) by Region (2020-2025)
Table 23. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
Table 24. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production (K Units) Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
Table 25. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production Market Share Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
Table 26. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Market Average Price (US$/Unit) by Region (2020-2025)
Table 27. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Market Average Price (US$/Unit) by Region (2026-2031)
Table 28. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Table 29. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Consumption by Region (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 30. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Consumption Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
Table 31. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Forecasted Consumption by Region (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 32. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Forecasted Consumption Market Share by Region (2026-2031)
Table 33. North America Uncrewed Surface Vessels Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Table 34. North America Uncrewed Surface Vessels Consumption by Country (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 35. North America Uncrewed Surface Vessels Consumption by Country (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 36. Europe Uncrewed Surface Vessels Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Table 37. Europe Uncrewed Surface Vessels Consumption by Country (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 38. Europe Uncrewed Surface Vessels Consumption by Country (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 39. Asia Pacific Uncrewed Surface Vessels Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Table 40. Asia Pacific Uncrewed Surface Vessels Consumption by Region (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 41. Asia Pacific Uncrewed Surface Vessels Consumption by Region (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 42. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Uncrewed Surface Vessels Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Table 43. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Uncrewed Surface Vessels Consumption by Country (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 44. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Uncrewed Surface Vessels Consumption by Country (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 45. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production (K Units) by Type (2020-2025)
Table 46. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production (K Units) by Type (2026-2031)
Table 47. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production Market Share by Type (2020-2025)
Table 48. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production Market Share by Type (2026-2031)
Table 49. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production Value (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2025)
Table 50. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production Value (US$ Million) by Type (2026-2031)
Table 51. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production Value Market Share by Type (2020-2025)
Table 52. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production Value Market Share by Type (2026-2031)
Table 53. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Price (US$/Unit) by Type (2020-2025)
Table 54. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Price (US$/Unit) by Type (2026-2031)
Table 55. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production (K Units) by Application (2020-2025)
Table 56. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production (K Units) by Application (2026-2031)
Table 57. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production Market Share by Application (2020-2025)
Table 58. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production Market Share by Application (2026-2031)
Table 59. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production Value (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2025)
Table 60. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production Value (US$ Million) by Application (2026-2031)
Table 61. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production Value Market Share by Application (2020-2025)
Table 62. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production Value Market Share by Application (2026-2031)
Table 63. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Price (US$/Unit) by Application (2020-2025)
Table 64. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Price (US$/Unit) by Application (2026-2031)
Table 65. Teledyne Marine Uncrewed Surface Vessels Company Information
Table 66. Teledyne Marine Uncrewed Surface Vessels Specification and Application
Table 67. Teledyne Marine Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 68. Teledyne Marine Main Business and Markets Served
Table 69. Teledyne Marine Recent Developments/Updates
Table 70. ECA GROUP Uncrewed Surface Vessels Company Information
Table 71. ECA GROUP Uncrewed Surface Vessels Specification and Application
Table 72. ECA GROUP Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 73. ECA GROUP Main Business and Markets Served
Table 74. ECA GROUP Recent Developments/Updates
Table 75. Ocean Alpha Uncrewed Surface Vessels Company Information
Table 76. Ocean Alpha Uncrewed Surface Vessels Specification and Application
Table 77. Ocean Alpha Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 78. Ocean Alpha Main Business and Markets Served
Table 79. Ocean Alpha Recent Developments/Updates
Table 80. SeaRobotics Corporation Uncrewed Surface Vessels Company Information
Table 81. SeaRobotics Corporation Uncrewed Surface Vessels Specification and Application
Table 82. SeaRobotics Corporation Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 83. SeaRobotics Corporation Main Business and Markets Served
Table 84. SeaRobotics Corporation Recent Developments/Updates
Table 85. QinetiQ Group plc Uncrewed Surface Vessels Company Information
Table 86. QinetiQ Group plc Uncrewed Surface Vessels Specification and Application
Table 87. QinetiQ Group plc Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 88. QinetiQ Group plc Main Business and Markets Served
Table 89. QinetiQ Group plc Recent Developments/Updates
Table 90. Sirehna Uncrewed Surface Vessels Company Information
Table 91. Sirehna Uncrewed Surface Vessels Specification and Application
Table 92. Sirehna Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 93. Sirehna Main Business and Markets Served
Table 94. Sirehna Recent Developments/Updates
Table 95. Elbit Systems Uncrewed Surface Vessels Company Information
Table 96. Elbit Systems Uncrewed Surface Vessels Specification and Application
Table 97. Elbit Systems Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 98. Elbit Systems Main Business and Markets Served
Table 99. Elbit Systems Recent Developments/Updates
Table 100. ATLAS ELEKTRONIK Uncrewed Surface Vessels Company Information
Table 101. ATLAS ELEKTRONIK Uncrewed Surface Vessels Specification and Application
Table 102. ATLAS ELEKTRONIK Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 103. ATLAS ELEKTRONIK Main Business and Markets Served
Table 104. ATLAS ELEKTRONIK Recent Developments/Updates
Table 105. Seabed BV Uncrewed Surface Vessels Company Information
Table 106. Seabed BV Uncrewed Surface Vessels Specification and Application
Table 107. Seabed BV Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 108. Seabed BV Main Business and Markets Served
Table 109. Seabed BV Recent Developments/Updates
Table 110. 5G Marine Uncrewed Surface Vessels Company Information
Table 111. 5G Marine Uncrewed Surface Vessels Specification and Application
Table 112. 5G Marine Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 113. 5G Marine Main Business and Markets Served
Table 114. 5G Marine Recent Developments/Updates
Table 115. iXblue Uncrewed Surface Vessels Company Information
Table 116. iXblue Uncrewed Surface Vessels Specification and Application
Table 117. iXblue Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 118. iXblue Main Business and Markets Served
Table 119. iXblue Recent Developments/Updates
Table 120. AutoNaut (Seiche) Uncrewed Surface Vessels Company Information
Table 121. AutoNaut (Seiche) Uncrewed Surface Vessels Specification and Application
Table 122. AutoNaut (Seiche) Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 123. AutoNaut (Seiche) Main Business and Markets Served
Table 124. AutoNaut (Seiche) Recent Developments/Updates
Table 125. Eco Marine Power Uncrewed Surface Vessels Company Information
Table 126. Eco Marine Power Uncrewed Surface Vessels Specification and Application
Table 127. Eco Marine Power Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 128. Eco Marine Power Main Business and Markets Served
Table 129. Eco Marine Power Recent Developments/Updates
Table 130. Al Marakeb Uncrewed Surface Vessels Company Information
Table 131. Al Marakeb Uncrewed Surface Vessels Specification and Application
Table 132. Al Marakeb Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 133. Al Marakeb Main Business and Markets Served
Table 134. Al Marakeb Recent Developments/Updates
Table 135. Hydronalix Uncrewed Surface Vessels Company Information
Table 136. Hydronalix Uncrewed Surface Vessels Specification and Application
Table 137. Hydronalix Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 138. Hydronalix Main Business and Markets Served
Table 139. Hydronalix Recent Developments/Updates
Table 140. Kongsberg Maritime Uncrewed Surface Vessels Company Information
Table 141. Kongsberg Maritime Uncrewed Surface Vessels Specification and Application
Table 142. Kongsberg Maritime Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 143. Kongsberg Maritime Main Business and Markets Served
Table 144. Kongsberg Maritime Recent Developments/Updates
Table 145. Liquid Robotics Uncrewed Surface Vessels Company Information
Table 146. Liquid Robotics Uncrewed Surface Vessels Specification and Application
Table 147. Liquid Robotics Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 148. Liquid Robotics Main Business and Markets Served
Table 149. Liquid Robotics Recent Developments/Updates
Table 150. Marine Advanced Robotics Uncrewed Surface Vessels Company Information
Table 151. Marine Advanced Robotics Uncrewed Surface Vessels Specification and Application
Table 152. Marine Advanced Robotics Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 153. Marine Advanced Robotics Main Business and Markets Served
Table 154. Marine Advanced Robotics Recent Developments/Updates
Table 155. Marine Tech SAS Uncrewed Surface Vessels Company Information
Table 156. Marine Tech SAS Uncrewed Surface Vessels Specification and Application
Table 157. Marine Tech SAS Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 158. Marine Tech SAS Main Business and Markets Served
Table 159. Marine Tech SAS Recent Developments/Updates
Table 160. Ocius Technology Uncrewed Surface Vessels Company Information
Table 161. Ocius Technology Uncrewed Surface Vessels Specification and Application
Table 162. Ocius Technology Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 163. Ocius Technology Main Business and Markets Served
Table 164. Ocius Technology Recent Developments/Updates
Table 165. Unmanned Survey Solutions (USS) Uncrewed Surface Vessels Company Information
Table 166. Unmanned Survey Solutions (USS) Uncrewed Surface Vessels Specification and Application
Table 167. Unmanned Survey Solutions (USS) Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 168. Unmanned Survey Solutions (USS) Main Business and Markets Served
Table 169. Unmanned Survey Solutions (USS) Recent Developments/Updates
Table 170. Textron Uncrewed Surface Vessels Company Information
Table 171. Textron Uncrewed Surface Vessels Specification and Application
Table 172. Textron Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 173. Textron Main Business and Markets Served
Table 174. Textron Recent Developments/Updates
Table 175. SimpleUnmanned Uncrewed Surface Vessels Company Information
Table 176. SimpleUnmanned Uncrewed Surface Vessels Specification and Application
Table 177. SimpleUnmanned Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 178. SimpleUnmanned Main Business and Markets Served
Table 179. SimpleUnmanned Recent Developments/Updates
Table 180. Offshore Sensing As Uncrewed Surface Vessels Company Information
Table 181. Offshore Sensing As Uncrewed Surface Vessels Specification and Application
Table 182. Offshore Sensing As Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 183. Offshore Sensing As Main Business and Markets Served
Table 184. Offshore Sensing As Recent Developments/Updates
Table 185. Key Raw Materials Lists
Table 186. Raw Materials Key Suppliers Lists
Table 187. Uncrewed Surface Vessels Distributors List
Table 188. Uncrewed Surface Vessels Customers List
Table 189. Uncrewed Surface Vessels Market Trends
Table 190. Uncrewed Surface Vessels Market Drivers
Table 191. Uncrewed Surface Vessels Market Challenges
Table 192. Uncrewed Surface Vessels Market Restraints
Table 193. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 194. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 195. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
Table 196. Authors List of This Report
List of Figures
Figure 1. Product Picture of Uncrewed Surface Vessels
Figure 2. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Market Value by Type, (US$ Million) & (2020-2031)
Figure 3. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Market Share by Type: 2024 VS 2031
Figure 4. Powered by Solar and Wave Product Picture
Figure 5. Powered by Solar, Wind and Wave Product Picture
Figure 6. Others Product Picture
Figure 7. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Market Value by Application, (US$ Million) & (2020-2031)
Figure 8. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Market Share by Application: 2024 VS 2031
Figure 9. Military Defense
Figure 10. Scientific Research
Figure 11. Marine Environmental Protection
Figure 12. Others
Figure 13. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production Value (US$ Million), 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 14. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production Value (US$ Million) & (2020-2031)
Figure 15. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production Capacity (K Units) & (2020-2031)
Figure 16. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production (K Units) & (2020-2031)
Figure 17. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Average Price (US$/Unit) & (2020-2031)
Figure 18. Uncrewed Surface Vessels Report Years Considered
Figure 19. Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production Share by Manufacturers in 2024
Figure 20. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production Value Share by Manufacturers (2024)
Figure 21. Uncrewed Surface Vessels Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3): 2020 VS 2024
Figure 22. The Global 5 and 10 Largest Players: Market Share by Uncrewed Surface Vessels Revenue in 2024
Figure 23. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production Value by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 24. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production Value Market Share by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 25. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production Comparison by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Figure 26. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production Market Share by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 27. North America Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 28. Europe Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 29. China Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 30. Japan Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 31. South Korea Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 32. India Uncrewed Surface Vessels Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 33. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Consumption by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Figure 34. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Consumption Market Share by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 35. North America Uncrewed Surface Vessels Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 36. North America Uncrewed Surface Vessels Consumption Market Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 37. U.S. Uncrewed Surface Vessels Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 38. Canada Uncrewed Surface Vessels Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 39. Europe Uncrewed Surface Vessels Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 40. Europe Uncrewed Surface Vessels Consumption Market Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 41. Germany Uncrewed Surface Vessels Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 42. France Uncrewed Surface Vessels Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 43. U.K. Uncrewed Surface Vessels Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 44. Italy Uncrewed Surface Vessels Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 45. Netherlands Uncrewed Surface Vessels Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 46. Asia Pacific Uncrewed Surface Vessels Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 47. Asia Pacific Uncrewed Surface Vessels Consumption Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 48. China Uncrewed Surface Vessels Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 49. Japan Uncrewed Surface Vessels Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 50. South Korea Uncrewed Surface Vessels Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 51. China Taiwan Uncrewed Surface Vessels Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 52. Southeast Asia Uncrewed Surface Vessels Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 53. India Uncrewed Surface Vessels Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 54. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Uncrewed Surface Vessels Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 55. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Uncrewed Surface Vessels Consumption Market Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 56. Mexico Uncrewed Surface Vessels Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 57. Brazil Uncrewed Surface Vessels Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 58. Turkey Uncrewed Surface Vessels Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 59. GCC Countries Uncrewed Surface Vessels Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 60. Global Production Market Share of Uncrewed Surface Vessels by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 61. Global Production Value Market Share of Uncrewed Surface Vessels by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 62. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Price (US$/Unit) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 63. Global Production Market Share of Uncrewed Surface Vessels by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 64. Global Production Value Market Share of Uncrewed Surface Vessels by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 65. Global Uncrewed Surface Vessels Price (US$/Unit) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 66. Uncrewed Surface Vessels Value Chain
Figure 67. Channels of Distribution (Direct Vs Distribution)
Figure 68. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 69. Data Triangulation
