List of Tables
Table 1. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Market Value by Type, (US$ Million) & (2024 VS 2031)
Table 2. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Market Value by Application, (US$ Million) & (2024 VS 2031)
Table 3. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production Capacity (K Units) by Manufacturers in 2024
Table 4. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 5. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 6. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production Value by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 7. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production Value Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 8. Global Key Players of Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces, Industry Ranking, 2023 VS 2024
Table 9. Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Production Value in Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces as of 2024)
Table 10. Global Market Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Average Price by Manufacturers (US$/Unit) & (2020-2025)
Table 11. Global Key Manufacturers of Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces, Manufacturing Base Distribution and Headquarters
Table 12. Global Key Manufacturers of Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces, Product Offered and Application
Table 13. Global Key Manufacturers of Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces, Date of Enter into This Industry
Table 14. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 15. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table 16. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production Value by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 17. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production Value (US$ Million) by Region (2020-2025)
Table 18. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production Value Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
Table 19. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production Value (US$ Million) Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
Table 20. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production Value Market Share Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
Table 21. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production Comparison by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Table 22. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production (K Units) by Region (2020-2025)
Table 23. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
Table 24. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production (K Units) Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
Table 25. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production Market Share Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
Table 26. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Market Average Price (US$/Unit) by Region (2020-2025)
Table 27. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Market Average Price (US$/Unit) by Region (2026-2031)
Table 28. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Table 29. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Consumption by Region (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 30. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Consumption Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
Table 31. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Forecasted Consumption by Region (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 32. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Forecasted Consumption Market Share by Region (2026-2031)
Table 33. North America Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Table 34. North America Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Consumption by Country (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 35. North America Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Consumption by Country (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 36. Europe Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Table 37. Europe Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Consumption by Country (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 38. Europe Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Consumption by Country (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 39. Asia Pacific Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Table 40. Asia Pacific Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Consumption by Region (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 41. Asia Pacific Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Consumption by Region (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 42. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Table 43. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Consumption by Country (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 44. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Consumption by Country (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 45. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production (K Units) by Type (2020-2025)
Table 46. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production (K Units) by Type (2026-2031)
Table 47. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production Market Share by Type (2020-2025)
Table 48. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production Market Share by Type (2026-2031)
Table 49. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production Value (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2025)
Table 50. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production Value (US$ Million) by Type (2026-2031)
Table 51. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production Value Market Share by Type (2020-2025)
Table 52. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production Value Market Share by Type (2026-2031)
Table 53. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Price (US$/Unit) by Type (2020-2025)
Table 54. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Price (US$/Unit) by Type (2026-2031)
Table 55. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production (K Units) by Application (2020-2025)
Table 56. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production (K Units) by Application (2026-2031)
Table 57. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production Market Share by Application (2020-2025)
Table 58. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production Market Share by Application (2026-2031)
Table 59. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production Value (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2025)
Table 60. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production Value (US$ Million) by Application (2026-2031)
Table 61. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production Value Market Share by Application (2020-2025)
Table 62. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production Value Market Share by Application (2026-2031)
Table 63. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Price (US$/Unit) by Application (2020-2025)
Table 64. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Price (US$/Unit) by Application (2026-2031)
Table 65. Glaston Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Company Information
Table 66. Glaston Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Specification and Application
Table 67. Glaston Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 68. Glaston Main Business and Markets Served
Table 69. Glaston Recent Developments/Updates
Table 70. HHH Tempering Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Company Information
Table 71. HHH Tempering Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Specification and Application
Table 72. HHH Tempering Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 73. HHH Tempering Main Business and Markets Served
Table 74. HHH Tempering Recent Developments/Updates
Table 75. Salem Distributing Company Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Company Information
Table 76. Salem Distributing Company Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Specification and Application
Table 77. Salem Distributing Company Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 78. Salem Distributing Company Main Business and Markets Served
Table 79. Salem Distributing Company Recent Developments/Updates
Table 80. COOLTEMPER Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Company Information
Table 81. COOLTEMPER Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Specification and Application
Table 82. COOLTEMPER Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 83. COOLTEMPER Main Business and Markets Served
Table 84. COOLTEMPER Recent Developments/Updates
Table 85. Landglass Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Company Information
Table 86. Landglass Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Specification and Application
Table 87. Landglass Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 88. Landglass Main Business and Markets Served
Table 89. Landglass Recent Developments/Updates
Table 90. Mappi Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Company Information
Table 91. Mappi Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Specification and Application
Table 92. Mappi Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 93. Mappi Main Business and Markets Served
Table 94. Mappi Recent Developments/Updates
Table 95. EFCO Furnace Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Company Information
Table 96. EFCO Furnace Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Specification and Application
Table 97. EFCO Furnace Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 98. EFCO Furnace Main Business and Markets Served
Table 99. EFCO Furnace Recent Developments/Updates
Table 100. MAZZAROPPI ENGINEERING SRL Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Company Information
Table 101. MAZZAROPPI ENGINEERING SRL Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Specification and Application
Table 102. MAZZAROPPI ENGINEERING SRL Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 103. MAZZAROPPI ENGINEERING SRL Main Business and Markets Served
Table 104. MAZZAROPPI ENGINEERING SRL Recent Developments/Updates
Table 105. North Glass Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Company Information
Table 106. North Glass Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Specification and Application
Table 107. North Glass Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 108. North Glass Main Business and Markets Served
Table 109. North Glass Recent Developments/Updates
Table 110. Hangzhou Jinglass Machinery Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Company Information
Table 111. Hangzhou Jinglass Machinery Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Specification and Application
Table 112. Hangzhou Jinglass Machinery Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 113. Hangzhou Jinglass Machinery Main Business and Markets Served
Table 114. Hangzhou Jinglass Machinery Recent Developments/Updates
Table 115. Luoyang Shencheng Glass Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Company Information
Table 116. Luoyang Shencheng Glass Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Specification and Application
Table 117. Luoyang Shencheng Glass Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 118. Luoyang Shencheng Glass Main Business and Markets Served
Table 119. Luoyang Shencheng Glass Recent Developments/Updates
Table 120. South Tech Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Company Information
Table 121. South Tech Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Specification and Application
Table 122. South Tech Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 123. South Tech Main Business and Markets Served
Table 124. South Tech Recent Developments/Updates
Table 125. LiSEC Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Company Information
Table 126. LiSEC Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Specification and Application
Table 127. LiSEC Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 128. LiSEC Main Business and Markets Served
Table 129. LiSEC Recent Developments/Updates
Table 130. Luouyang Mountain Company Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Company Information
Table 131. Luouyang Mountain Company Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Specification and Application
Table 132. Luouyang Mountain Company Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 133. Luouyang Mountain Company Main Business and Markets Served
Table 134. Luouyang Mountain Company Recent Developments/Updates
Table 135. Luoyang Gangxin Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Company Information
Table 136. Luoyang Gangxin Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Specification and Application
Table 137. Luoyang Gangxin Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 138. Luoyang Gangxin Main Business and Markets Served
Table 139. Luoyang Gangxin Recent Developments/Updates
Table 140. TIMBERY Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Company Information
Table 141. TIMBERY Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Specification and Application
Table 142. TIMBERY Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 143. TIMBERY Main Business and Markets Served
Table 144. TIMBERY Recent Developments/Updates
Table 145. Shenzhen SJW Glass Machinery Co., Ltd Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Company Information
Table 146. Shenzhen SJW Glass Machinery Co., Ltd Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Specification and Application
Table 147. Shenzhen SJW Glass Machinery Co., Ltd Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 148. Shenzhen SJW Glass Machinery Co., Ltd Main Business and Markets Served
Table 149. Shenzhen SJW Glass Machinery Co., Ltd Recent Developments/Updates
Table 150. Hanneng Glass Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Company Information
Table 151. Hanneng Glass Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Specification and Application
Table 152. Hanneng Glass Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 153. Hanneng Glass Main Business and Markets Served
Table 154. Hanneng Glass Recent Developments/Updates
Table 155. Key Raw Materials Lists
Table 156. Raw Materials Key Suppliers Lists
Table 157. Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Distributors List
Table 158. Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Customers List
Table 159. Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Market Trends
Table 160. Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Market Drivers
Table 161. Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Market Challenges
Table 162. Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Market Restraints
Table 163. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 164. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 165. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
Table 166. Authors List of This Report
List of Figures
Figure 1. Product Picture of Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces
Figure 2. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Market Value by Type, (US$ Million) & (2020-2031)
Figure 3. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Market Share by Type: 2024 VS 2031
Figure 4. Capacity Less than 150㎡/h Product Picture
Figure 5. Capacity Between 150㎡/h-300㎡/h Product Picture
Figure 6. Capacity More than 300㎡/h Product Picture
Figure 7. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Market Value by Application, (US$ Million) & (2020-2031)
Figure 8. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Market Share by Application: 2024 VS 2031
Figure 9. Architectural Glass Industry
Figure 10. Auto Glass Industry
Figure 11. Daily Glass Industry
Figure 12. Photoelectric Glass Industry
Figure 13. Others
Figure 14. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production Value (US$ Million), 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 15. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production Value (US$ Million) & (2020-2031)
Figure 16. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production Capacity (K Units) & (2020-2031)
Figure 17. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production (K Units) & (2020-2031)
Figure 18. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Average Price (US$/Unit) & (2020-2031)
Figure 19. Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Report Years Considered
Figure 20. Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production Share by Manufacturers in 2024
Figure 21. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production Value Share by Manufacturers (2024)
Figure 22. Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3): 2020 VS 2024
Figure 23. The Global 5 and 10 Largest Players: Market Share by Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Revenue in 2024
Figure 24. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production Value by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 25. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production Value Market Share by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 26. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production Comparison by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Figure 27. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production Market Share by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 28. North America Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 29. Europe Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 30. China Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 31. Japan Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 32. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Consumption by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Figure 33. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Consumption Market Share by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 34. North America Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 35. North America Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Consumption Market Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 36. U.S. Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 37. Canada Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 38. Europe Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 39. Europe Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Consumption Market Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 40. Germany Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 41. France Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 42. U.K. Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 43. Italy Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 44. Netherlands Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 45. Asia Pacific Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 46. Asia Pacific Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Consumption Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 47. China Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 48. Japan Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 49. South Korea Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 50. China Taiwan Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 51. Southeast Asia Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 52. India Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 53. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 54. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Consumption Market Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 55. Mexico Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 56. Brazil Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 57. Turkey Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 58. GCC Countries Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 59. Global Production Market Share of Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 60. Global Production Value Market Share of Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 61. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Price (US$/Unit) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 62. Global Production Market Share of Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 63. Global Production Value Market Share of Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 64. Global Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Price (US$/Unit) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 65. Flat and Bending Glass Tempering Furnaces Value Chain
Figure 66. Channels of Distribution (Direct Vs Distribution)
Figure 67. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 68. Data Triangulation
