List of Tables
Table 1. Global Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 2. Global Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 3. Global Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 4. Global Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Revenue by Region (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 5. Global Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Revenue by Region (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 6. Global Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Sales Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (Units)
Table 7. Global Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Sales by Region (2020-2025) & (Units)
Table 8. Global Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Sales by Region (2026-2031) & (Units)
Table 9. Emerging Market Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) (US$ Million)
Table 10. Global Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Production Growth Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (Units)
Table 11. Global Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Production by Region (2020-2025) & (Units)
Table 12. Global Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Production by Region (2026-2031) & (Units)
Table 13. Global Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Sales by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (Units)
Table 14. Global Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Sales Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 15. Global Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Revenue by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 16. Global Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 17. Global Key Manufacturers’Ranking Shift (2023 vs. 2024) (Based on Revenue)
Table 18. Global Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment by Manufacturer Tier (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment as of 2024)
Table 19. Global Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Average Gross Margin (%) by Manufacturer (2020 VS 2024)
Table 20. Global Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Average Selling Price (ASP) by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (K US$/Unit)
Table 21. Key Manufacturers Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Manufacturing Base and Headquarters
Table 22. Global Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 23. Key Market Entrant/Exit (2020-2024) – Drivers & Impact Analysis
Table 24. Key Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans, R&D Investment
Table 25. Global Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Sales by Type (2020-2025) & (Units)
Table 26. Global Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Sales by Type (2026-2031) & (Units)
Table 27. Global Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Revenue by Type (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 28. Global Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Revenue by Type (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 29. Global Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment ASP by Type (2020-2031) & (K US$/Unit)
Table 30. Technical Specifications by Key Product Type
Table 31. Global Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Sales by Application (2020-2025) & (Units)
Table 32. Global Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Sales by Application (2026-2031) & (Units)
Table 33. Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment High-Growth Sectors Demand CAGR (2024-2031)
Table 34. Global Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Revenue by Application (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 35. Global Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Revenue by Application (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 36. Global Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment ASP by Application (2020-2031) & (K US$/Unit)
Table 37. Top Customers by Region
Table 38. Top Customers by Application
Table 39. North America Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Growth Accelerators and Market Barriers
Table 40. North America Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) (US$ Million)
Table 41. North America Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Sales (Units) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
Table 42. Europe Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Growth Accelerators and Market Barriers
Table 43. Europe Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 44. Europe Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Sales (Units) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
Table 45. Asia-Pacific Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 46. Asia-Pacific Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Sales (Units) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
Table 47. Asia-Pacific Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Growth Accelerators and Market Barriers
Table 48. Southeast Asia Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 49. Central and South America Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Investment Opportunities and Key Challenges
Table 50. Central and South America Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) (US$ Million)
Table 51. Middle East and Africa Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Investment Opportunities and Key Challenges
Table 52. Middle East and Africa Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) (US$ Million)
Table 53. Tokyo Seimitsu Corporation Information
Table 54. Tokyo Seimitsu Description and Major Businesses
Table 55. Tokyo Seimitsu Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 56. Tokyo Seimitsu Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (K US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 57. Tokyo Seimitsu Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 58. Tokyo Seimitsu Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 59. Tokyo Seimitsu Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 60. Tokyo Seimitsu Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment SWOT Analysis
Table 61. Tokyo Seimitsu Recent Developments
Table 62. Disco Corporation Corporation Information
Table 63. Disco Corporation Description and Major Businesses
Table 64. Disco Corporation Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 65. Disco Corporation Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (K US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 66. Disco Corporation Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 67. Disco Corporation Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 68. Disco Corporation Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 69. Disco Corporation Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment SWOT Analysis
Table 70. Disco Corporation Recent Developments
Table 71. SpeedFam Company Corporation Information
Table 72. SpeedFam Company Description and Major Businesses
Table 73. SpeedFam Company Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 74. SpeedFam Company Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (K US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 75. SpeedFam Company Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 76. SpeedFam Company Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 77. SpeedFam Company Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 78. SpeedFam Company Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment SWOT Analysis
Table 79. SpeedFam Company Recent Developments
Table 80. PR Hoffman Corporation Information
Table 81. PR Hoffman Description and Major Businesses
Table 82. PR Hoffman Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 83. PR Hoffman Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (K US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 84. PR Hoffman Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 85. PR Hoffman Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 86. PR Hoffman Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 87. PR Hoffman Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment SWOT Analysis
Table 88. PR Hoffman Recent Developments
Table 89. Lapmaster International Corporation Information
Table 90. Lapmaster International Description and Major Businesses
Table 91. Lapmaster International Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 92. Lapmaster International Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (K US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 93. Lapmaster International Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 94. Lapmaster International Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 95. Lapmaster International Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 96. Lapmaster International Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment SWOT Analysis
Table 97. Lapmaster International Recent Developments
Table 98. Revasum Corporation Information
Table 99. Revasum Description and Major Businesses
Table 100. Revasum Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 101. Revasum Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (K US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 102. Revasum Recent Developments
Table 103. Stahli Corporation Information
Table 104. Stahli Description and Major Businesses
Table 105. Stahli Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 106. Stahli Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (K US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 107. Stahli Recent Developments
Table 108. Groupe Recomatic Corporation Information
Table 109. Groupe Recomatic Description and Major Businesses
Table 110. Groupe Recomatic Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 111. Groupe Recomatic Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (K US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 112. Groupe Recomatic Recent Developments
Table 113. Kemet Corporation Information
Table 114. Kemet Description and Major Businesses
Table 115. Kemet Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 116. Kemet Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (K US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 117. Kemet Recent Developments
Table 118. Lapmaster Wolters Corporation Information
Table 119. Lapmaster Wolters Description and Major Businesses
Table 120. Lapmaster Wolters Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 121. Lapmaster Wolters Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (K US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 122. Lapmaster Wolters Recent Developments
Table 123. Engis Corporation Corporation Information
Table 124. Engis Corporation Description and Major Businesses
Table 125. Engis Corporation Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 126. Engis Corporation Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (K US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 127. Engis Corporation Recent Developments
Table 128. Applied Materials Corporation Information
Table 129. Applied Materials Description and Major Businesses
Table 130. Applied Materials Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 131. Applied Materials Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (K US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 132. Applied Materials Recent Developments
Table 133. Ebara Corporation Corporation Information
Table 134. Ebara Corporation Description and Major Businesses
Table 135. Ebara Corporation Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 136. Ebara Corporation Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (K US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 137. Ebara Corporation Recent Developments
Table 138. Beijing TSD Semiconductor Equipment Corporation Information
Table 139. Beijing TSD Semiconductor Equipment Description and Major Businesses
Table 140. Beijing TSD Semiconductor Equipment Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 141. Beijing TSD Semiconductor Equipment Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (K US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 142. Beijing TSD Semiconductor Equipment Recent Developments
Table 143. Suzhou HRT Electronic Equipment Technology Corporation Information
Table 144. Suzhou HRT Electronic Equipment Technology Description and Major Businesses
Table 145. Suzhou HRT Electronic Equipment Technology Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 146. Suzhou HRT Electronic Equipment Technology Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (K US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 147. Suzhou HRT Electronic Equipment Technology Recent Developments
Table 148. Key Raw Materials Distribution
Table 149. Raw Materials Key Suppliers
Table 150. Critical Raw Material Supplier Concentration (2024) & Risk Index
Table 151. Milestones in Production Technology Evolution
Table 152. Distributors List
Table 153. Market Trends and Market Evolution
Table 154. Market Drivers and Opportunities
Table 155. Market Challenges, Risks, and Restraints
Table 156. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 157. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 158. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
List of Figures
Figure 1. Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Product Picture
Figure 2. Global Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 3. Fully Automatic Product Picture
Figure 4. Semi-automatic Product Picture
Figure 5. Global Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 6. 300mm Wafer
Figure 7. 200mm Wafer
Figure 8. Other
Figure 9. Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Report Years Considered
Figure 10. Global Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Revenue, (US$ Million), 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 11. Global Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 12. Global Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Revenue (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 13. Global Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Revenue Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 14. Global Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Sales (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 15. Global Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Sales (CAGR) by Region (2020-2031) (Units)
Figure 16. Global Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Sales Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 17. Global Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Capacity, Production and Utilization (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 18. Global Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Production Trend by Region (2020-2031) (Units)
Figure 19. Global Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Production Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 20. Production Capacity Enablers & Constraints
Figure 21. Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Production Growth Rate in North America (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 22. Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Production Growth Rate in Europe (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 23. Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Production Growth Rate in China (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 24. Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Production Growth Rate in Japan (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 25. Top 5 and Top 10 Manufacturers Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Sales Volume Market Share in 2024
Figure 26. Global Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Revenue Market Share Ranking (2024)
Figure 27. Tier Distribution by Revenue Contribution (2020 VS 2024)
Figure 28. Fully Automatic Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 29. Semi-automatic Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 30. Type Eight Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 31. Type Nine Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 32. Global Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Sales Market Share by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 33. Global Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Revenue Market Share by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 34. Global Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Sales Market Share by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 35. Global Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Revenue Market Share by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 36. North America Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 37. North America Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 38. North America Top 5 Manufacturers Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 39. North America Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Sales Volume (Units) by Type (2020- 2031)
Figure 40. North America Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020 - 2031)
Figure 41. North America Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Sales Volume (Units) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 42. North America Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 43. US Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 44. Canada Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 45. Mexico Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 46. Europe Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 47. Europe Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 48. Europe Top 5 Manufacturers Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 49. Europe Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Sales Volume (Units) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 50. Europe Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 51. Europe Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Sales Volume (Units) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 52. Europe Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 53. Germany Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 54. France Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 55. U.K. Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 56. Italy Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 57. Russia Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 58. Asia-Pacific Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 59. Asia-Pacific Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 60. Asia-Pacific Top 8 Manufacturers Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 61. Asia-Pacific Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Sales Volume (Units) by Type (2020- 2031)
Figure 62. Asia-Pacific Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020- 2031)
Figure 63. Asia-Pacific Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Sales Volume (Units) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 64. Asia-Pacific Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 65. Indonesia Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 66. Japan Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 67. South Korea Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 68. China Taiwan Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 69. India Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 70. Central and South America Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 71. Central and South America Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 72. Central and South America Top 5 Manufacturers Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 73. Central and South America Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Sales Volume (Units) by Type (2021-2031)
Figure 74. Central and South America Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 75. Central and South America Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Sales Volume (Units) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 76. Central and South America Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 77. Brazil Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 78. Argentina Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 79. Middle East, and Africa Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 80. Middle East and Africa Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 81. Middle East and Africa Top 5 Manufacturers Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 82. Middle East and Africa Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Sales Volume (Units) by Type (2021-2031)
Figure 83. South America Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 84. Middle East and Africa Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Sales Volume (Units) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 85. Middle East and Africa Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 86. GCC Countries Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 87. Turkey Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 88. Egypt Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 89. South Africa Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 90. Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Industry Chain Mapping
Figure 91. Regional Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Manufacturing Base Distribution (%)
Figure 92. Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Production Process
Figure 93. Regional Automatic Semiconductor Polishing Equipment Production Cost Structure
Figure 94. Channels of Distribution (Direct Vs Distribution)
Figure 95. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 96. Data Triangulation
Figure 97. Key Executives Interviewed