List of Tables
Table 1. Global MEMS Device Aging Test System Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 2. Global MEMS Device Aging Test System Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 3. Global MEMS Device Aging Test System Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 4. Global MEMS Device Aging Test System Revenue by Region (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 5. Global MEMS Device Aging Test System Revenue by Region (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 6. Global MEMS Device Aging Test System Sales Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Table 7. Global MEMS Device Aging Test System Sales by Region (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 8. Global MEMS Device Aging Test System Sales by Region (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 9. Emerging Market Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) (US$ Million)
Table 10. Global MEMS Device Aging Test System Production Growth Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Table 11. Global MEMS Device Aging Test System Production by Region (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 12. Global MEMS Device Aging Test System Production by Region (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 13. Global MEMS Device Aging Test System Sales by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 14. Global MEMS Device Aging Test System Sales Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 15. Global MEMS Device Aging Test System Revenue by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 16. Global MEMS Device Aging Test System Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 17. Global Key Manufacturers’Ranking Shift (2023 vs. 2024) (Based on Revenue)
Table 18. Global MEMS Device Aging Test System by Manufacturer Tier (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in MEMS Device Aging Test System as of 2024)
Table 19. Global MEMS Device Aging Test System Average Gross Margin (%) by Manufacturer (2020 VS 2024)
Table 20. Global MEMS Device Aging Test System Average Selling Price (ASP) by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (K US$/Unit)
Table 21. Key Manufacturers MEMS Device Aging Test System Manufacturing Base and Headquarters
Table 22. Global MEMS Device Aging Test System Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 23. Key Market Entrant/Exit (2020-2024) – Drivers & Impact Analysis
Table 24. Key Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans, R&D Investment
Table 25. Global MEMS Device Aging Test System Sales by Type (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 26. Global MEMS Device Aging Test System Sales by Type (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 27. Global MEMS Device Aging Test System Revenue by Type (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 28. Global MEMS Device Aging Test System Revenue by Type (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 29. Global MEMS Device Aging Test System ASP by Type (2020-2031) & (K US$/Unit)
Table 30. Technical Specifications by Key Product Type
Table 31. Global MEMS Device Aging Test System Sales by Application (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 32. Global MEMS Device Aging Test System Sales by Application (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 33. MEMS Device Aging Test System High-Growth Sectors Demand CAGR (2024-2031)
Table 34. Global MEMS Device Aging Test System Revenue by Application (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 35. Global MEMS Device Aging Test System Revenue by Application (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 36. Global MEMS Device Aging Test System ASP by Application (2020-2031) & (K US$/Unit)
Table 37. Top Customers by Region
Table 38. Top Customers by Application
Table 39. North America MEMS Device Aging Test System Growth Accelerators and Market Barriers
Table 40. North America MEMS Device Aging Test System Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) (US$ Million)
Table 41. North America MEMS Device Aging Test System Sales (K Units) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
Table 42. Europe MEMS Device Aging Test System Growth Accelerators and Market Barriers
Table 43. Europe MEMS Device Aging Test System Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 44. Europe MEMS Device Aging Test System Sales (K Units) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
Table 45. Asia-Pacific MEMS Device Aging Test System Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 46. Asia-Pacific MEMS Device Aging Test System Sales (K Units) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
Table 47. Asia-Pacific MEMS Device Aging Test System Growth Accelerators and Market Barriers
Table 48. Southeast Asia MEMS Device Aging Test System Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 49. Central and South America MEMS Device Aging Test System Investment Opportunities and Key Challenges
Table 50. Central and South America MEMS Device Aging Test System Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) (US$ Million)
Table 51. Middle East and Africa MEMS Device Aging Test System Investment Opportunities and Key Challenges
Table 52. Middle East and Africa MEMS Device Aging Test System Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) (US$ Million)
Table 53. Bruel & Kjaer Corporation Information
Table 54. Bruel & Kjaer Description and Major Businesses
Table 55. Bruel & Kjaer Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 56. Bruel & Kjaer Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (K US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 57. Bruel & Kjaer Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 58. Bruel & Kjaer Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 59. Bruel & Kjaer Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 60. Bruel & Kjaer MEMS Device Aging Test System SWOT Analysis
Table 61. Bruel & Kjaer Recent Developments
Table 62. Honeywell Corporation Information
Table 63. Honeywell Description and Major Businesses
Table 64. Honeywell Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 65. Honeywell Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (K US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 66. Honeywell Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 67. Honeywell Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 68. Honeywell Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 69. Honeywell MEMS Device Aging Test System SWOT Analysis
Table 70. Honeywell Recent Developments
Table 71. STMicroelectronics Corporation Information
Table 72. STMicroelectronics Description and Major Businesses
Table 73. STMicroelectronics Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 74. STMicroelectronics Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (K US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 75. STMicroelectronics Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 76. STMicroelectronics Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 77. STMicroelectronics Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 78. STMicroelectronics MEMS Device Aging Test System SWOT Analysis
Table 79. STMicroelectronics Recent Developments
Table 80. Texas Instruments Corporation Information
Table 81. Texas Instruments Description and Major Businesses
Table 82. Texas Instruments Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 83. Texas Instruments Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (K US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 84. Texas Instruments Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 85. Texas Instruments Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 86. Texas Instruments Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 87. Texas Instruments MEMS Device Aging Test System SWOT Analysis
Table 88. Texas Instruments Recent Developments
Table 89. Teledyne LeCroy Corporation Information
Table 90. Teledyne LeCroy Description and Major Businesses
Table 91. Teledyne LeCroy Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 92. Teledyne LeCroy Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (K US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 93. Teledyne LeCroy Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 94. Teledyne LeCroy Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 95. Teledyne LeCroy Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 96. Teledyne LeCroy MEMS Device Aging Test System SWOT Analysis
Table 97. Teledyne LeCroy Recent Developments
Table 98. Applied Materials Corporation Information
Table 99. Applied Materials Description and Major Businesses
Table 100. Applied Materials Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 101. Applied Materials Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (K US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 102. Applied Materials Recent Developments
Table 103. Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation Information
Table 104. Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Description and Major Businesses
Table 105. Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 106. Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (K US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 107. Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Recent Developments
Table 108. Sensor Integration Corporation Information
Table 109. Sensor Integration Description and Major Businesses
Table 110. Sensor Integration Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 111. Sensor Integration Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (K US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 112. Sensor Integration Recent Developments
Table 113. BOSCH Corporation Information
Table 114. BOSCH Description and Major Businesses
Table 115. BOSCH Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 116. BOSCH Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (K US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 117. BOSCH Recent Developments
Table 118. Goepel electronic Corporation Information
Table 119. Goepel electronic Description and Major Businesses
Table 120. Goepel electronic Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 121. Goepel electronic Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (K US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 122. Goepel electronic Recent Developments
Table 123. Agilent Corporation Information
Table 124. Agilent Description and Major Businesses
Table 125. Agilent Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 126. Agilent Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (K US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 127. Agilent Recent Developments
Table 128. Keysight Technologies Corporation Information
Table 129. Keysight Technologies Description and Major Businesses
Table 130. Keysight Technologies Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 131. Keysight Technologies Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (K US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 132. Keysight Technologies Recent Developments
Table 133. TESEC Corporation Information
Table 134. TESEC Description and Major Businesses
Table 135. TESEC Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 136. TESEC Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (K US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 137. TESEC Recent Developments
Table 138. Meco Instruments Corporation Information
Table 139. Meco Instruments Description and Major Businesses
Table 140. Meco Instruments Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 141. Meco Instruments Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (K US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 142. Meco Instruments Recent Developments
Table 143. Bruker Corporation Corporation Information
Table 144. Bruker Corporation Description and Major Businesses
Table 145. Bruker Corporation Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 146. Bruker Corporation Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (K US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 147. Bruker Corporation Recent Developments
Table 148. Agilent Technologies Corporation Information
Table 149. Agilent Technologies Description and Major Businesses
Table 150. Agilent Technologies Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 151. Agilent Technologies Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (K US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 152. Agilent Technologies Recent Developments
Table 153. Teradyne Corporation Information
Table 154. Teradyne Description and Major Businesses
Table 155. Teradyne Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 156. Teradyne Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (K US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 157. Teradyne Recent Developments
Table 158. SPEA Corporation Information
Table 159. SPEA Description and Major Businesses
Table 160. SPEA Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 161. SPEA Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (K US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 162. SPEA Recent Developments
Table 163. ADT Advanced Dicing Technologies Corporation Information
Table 164. ADT Advanced Dicing Technologies Description and Major Businesses
Table 165. ADT Advanced Dicing Technologies Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 166. ADT Advanced Dicing Technologies Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (K US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 167. ADT Advanced Dicing Technologies Recent Developments
Table 168. Key Raw Materials Distribution
Table 169. Raw Materials Key Suppliers
Table 170. Critical Raw Material Supplier Concentration (2024) & Risk Index
Table 171. Milestones in Production Technology Evolution
Table 172. Distributors List
Table 173. Market Trends and Market Evolution
Table 174. Market Drivers and Opportunities
Table 175. Market Challenges, Risks, and Restraints
Table 176. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 177. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 178. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
List of Figures
Figure 1. MEMS Device Aging Test System Product Picture
Figure 2. Global MEMS Device Aging Test System Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 3. Biological Testing System Product Picture
Figure 4. Optical Test System Product Picture
Figure 5. Wireless Test System Product Picture
Figure 6. Mixed Signal Test System Product Picture
Figure 7. Other Product Picture
Figure 8. Global MEMS Device Aging Test System Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 9. Consumer Electronics
Figure 10. Automobile Industry
Figure 11. Medical Equipment
Figure 12. Automated Industry
Figure 13. Communication Technology
Figure 14. Other
Figure 15. MEMS Device Aging Test System Report Years Considered
Figure 16. Global MEMS Device Aging Test System Revenue, (US$ Million), 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 17. Global MEMS Device Aging Test System Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 18. Global MEMS Device Aging Test System Revenue (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 19. Global MEMS Device Aging Test System Revenue Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 20. Global MEMS Device Aging Test System Sales (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 21. Global MEMS Device Aging Test System Sales (CAGR) by Region (2020-2031) (K Units)
Figure 22. Global MEMS Device Aging Test System Sales Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 23. Global MEMS Device Aging Test System Capacity, Production and Utilization (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 24. Global MEMS Device Aging Test System Production Trend by Region (2020-2031) (K Units)
Figure 25. Global MEMS Device Aging Test System Production Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 26. Production Capacity Enablers & Constraints
Figure 27. MEMS Device Aging Test System Production Growth Rate in North America (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 28. MEMS Device Aging Test System Production Growth Rate in Europe (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 29. MEMS Device Aging Test System Production Growth Rate in China (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 30. MEMS Device Aging Test System Production Growth Rate in Japan (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 31. Top 5 and Top 10 Manufacturers MEMS Device Aging Test System Sales Volume Market Share in 2024
Figure 32. Global MEMS Device Aging Test System Revenue Market Share Ranking (2024)
Figure 33. Tier Distribution by Revenue Contribution (2020 VS 2024)
Figure 34. Biological Testing System Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 35. Optical Test System Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 36. Wireless Test System Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 37. Mixed Signal Test System Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 38. Other Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 39. Type Eight Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 40. Type Nine Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 41. Global MEMS Device Aging Test System Sales Market Share by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 42. Global MEMS Device Aging Test System Revenue Market Share by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 43. Global MEMS Device Aging Test System Sales Market Share by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 44. Global MEMS Device Aging Test System Revenue Market Share by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 45. North America MEMS Device Aging Test System Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 46. North America MEMS Device Aging Test System Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 47. North America Top 5 Manufacturers MEMS Device Aging Test System Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 48. North America MEMS Device Aging Test System Sales Volume (K Units) by Type (2020- 2031)
Figure 49. North America MEMS Device Aging Test System Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020 - 2031)
Figure 50. North America MEMS Device Aging Test System Sales Volume (K Units) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 51. North America MEMS Device Aging Test System Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 52. US MEMS Device Aging Test System Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 53. Canada MEMS Device Aging Test System Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 54. Mexico MEMS Device Aging Test System Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 55. Europe MEMS Device Aging Test System Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 56. Europe MEMS Device Aging Test System Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 57. Europe Top 5 Manufacturers MEMS Device Aging Test System Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 58. Europe MEMS Device Aging Test System Sales Volume (K Units) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 59. Europe MEMS Device Aging Test System Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 60. Europe MEMS Device Aging Test System Sales Volume (K Units) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 61. Europe MEMS Device Aging Test System Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 62. Germany MEMS Device Aging Test System Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 63. France MEMS Device Aging Test System Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 64. U.K. MEMS Device Aging Test System Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 65. Italy MEMS Device Aging Test System Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 66. Russia MEMS Device Aging Test System Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 67. Asia-Pacific MEMS Device Aging Test System Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 68. Asia-Pacific MEMS Device Aging Test System Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 69. Asia-Pacific Top 8 Manufacturers MEMS Device Aging Test System Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 70. Asia-Pacific MEMS Device Aging Test System Sales Volume (K Units) by Type (2020- 2031)
Figure 71. Asia-Pacific MEMS Device Aging Test System Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020- 2031)
Figure 72. Asia-Pacific MEMS Device Aging Test System Sales Volume (K Units) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 73. Asia-Pacific MEMS Device Aging Test System Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 74. Indonesia MEMS Device Aging Test System Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 75. Japan MEMS Device Aging Test System Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 76. South Korea MEMS Device Aging Test System Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 77. China Taiwan MEMS Device Aging Test System Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 78. India MEMS Device Aging Test System Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 79. Central and South America MEMS Device Aging Test System Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 80. Central and South America MEMS Device Aging Test System Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 81. Central and South America Top 5 Manufacturers MEMS Device Aging Test System Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 82. Central and South America MEMS Device Aging Test System Sales Volume (K Units) by Type (2021-2031)
Figure 83. Central and South America MEMS Device Aging Test System Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 84. Central and South America MEMS Device Aging Test System Sales Volume (K Units) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 85. Central and South America MEMS Device Aging Test System Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 86. Brazil MEMS Device Aging Test System Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 87. Argentina MEMS Device Aging Test System Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 88. Middle East, and Africa MEMS Device Aging Test System Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 89. Middle East and Africa MEMS Device Aging Test System Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 90. Middle East and Africa Top 5 Manufacturers MEMS Device Aging Test System Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 91. Middle East and Africa MEMS Device Aging Test System Sales Volume (K Units) by Type (2021-2031)
Figure 92. South America MEMS Device Aging Test System Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 93. Middle East and Africa MEMS Device Aging Test System Sales Volume (K Units) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 94. Middle East and Africa MEMS Device Aging Test System Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 95. GCC Countries MEMS Device Aging Test System Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 96. Turkey MEMS Device Aging Test System Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 97. Egypt MEMS Device Aging Test System Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 98. South Africa MEMS Device Aging Test System Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 99. MEMS Device Aging Test System Industry Chain Mapping
Figure 100. Regional MEMS Device Aging Test System Manufacturing Base Distribution (%)
Figure 101. MEMS Device Aging Test System Production Process
Figure 102. Regional MEMS Device Aging Test System Production Cost Structure
Figure 103. Channels of Distribution (Direct Vs Distribution)
Figure 104. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 105. Data Triangulation
Figure 106. Key Executives Interviewed