List of Tables
Table 1. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Market Value by Type, (US$ Million) & (2024 VS 2031)
Table 2. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Market Value by Application, (US$ Million) & (2024 VS 2031)
Table 3. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production Capacity (K Units) by Manufacturers in 2024
Table 4. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 5. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 6. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production Value by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 7. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production Value Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 8. Global Key Players of Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps, Industry Ranking, 2023 VS 2024
Table 9. Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Production Value in Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps as of 2024)
Table 10. Global Market Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Average Price by Manufacturers (US$/Unit) & (2020-2025)
Table 11. Global Key Manufacturers of Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps, Manufacturing Base Distribution and Headquarters
Table 12. Global Key Manufacturers of Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps, Product Offered and Application
Table 13. Global Key Manufacturers of Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps, Date of Enter into This Industry
Table 14. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 15. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table 16. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production Value by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 17. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production Value (US$ Million) by Region (2020-2025)
Table 18. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production Value Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
Table 19. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production Value (US$ Million) Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
Table 20. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production Value Market Share Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
Table 21. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production Comparison by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Table 22. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production (K Units) by Region (2020-2025)
Table 23. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
Table 24. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production (K Units) Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
Table 25. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production Market Share Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
Table 26. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Market Average Price (US$/Unit) by Region (2020-2025)
Table 27. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Market Average Price (US$/Unit) by Region (2026-2031)
Table 28. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Table 29. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Consumption by Region (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 30. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Consumption Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
Table 31. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Forecasted Consumption by Region (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 32. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Forecasted Consumption Market Share by Region (2026-2031)
Table 33. North America Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Table 34. North America Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Consumption by Country (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 35. North America Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Consumption by Country (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 36. Europe Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Table 37. Europe Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Consumption by Country (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 38. Europe Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Consumption by Country (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 39. Asia Pacific Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Table 40. Asia Pacific Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Consumption by Region (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 41. Asia Pacific Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Consumption by Region (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 42. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Table 43. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Consumption by Country (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 44. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Consumption by Country (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 45. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production (K Units) by Type (2020-2025)
Table 46. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production (K Units) by Type (2026-2031)
Table 47. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production Market Share by Type (2020-2025)
Table 48. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production Market Share by Type (2026-2031)
Table 49. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production Value (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2025)
Table 50. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production Value (US$ Million) by Type (2026-2031)
Table 51. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production Value Market Share by Type (2020-2025)
Table 52. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production Value Market Share by Type (2026-2031)
Table 53. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Price (US$/Unit) by Type (2020-2025)
Table 54. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Price (US$/Unit) by Type (2026-2031)
Table 55. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production (K Units) by Application (2020-2025)
Table 56. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production (K Units) by Application (2026-2031)
Table 57. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production Market Share by Application (2020-2025)
Table 58. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production Market Share by Application (2026-2031)
Table 59. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production Value (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2025)
Table 60. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production Value (US$ Million) by Application (2026-2031)
Table 61. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production Value Market Share by Application (2020-2025)
Table 62. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production Value Market Share by Application (2026-2031)
Table 63. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Price (US$/Unit) by Application (2020-2025)
Table 64. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Price (US$/Unit) by Application (2026-2031)
Table 65. Sulzer Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Company Information
Table 66. Sulzer Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Specification and Application
Table 67. Sulzer Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 68. Sulzer Main Business and Markets Served
Table 69. Sulzer Recent Developments/Updates
Table 70. Busch Vacuum Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Company Information
Table 71. Busch Vacuum Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Specification and Application
Table 72. Busch Vacuum Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 73. Busch Vacuum Main Business and Markets Served
Table 74. Busch Vacuum Recent Developments/Updates
Table 75. Alpha Vacuum Technology Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Company Information
Table 76. Alpha Vacuum Technology Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Specification and Application
Table 77. Alpha Vacuum Technology Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 78. Alpha Vacuum Technology Main Business and Markets Served
Table 79. Alpha Vacuum Technology Recent Developments/Updates
Table 80. Atlas Copco Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Company Information
Table 81. Atlas Copco Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Specification and Application
Table 82. Atlas Copco Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 83. Atlas Copco Main Business and Markets Served
Table 84. Atlas Copco Recent Developments/Updates
Table 85. Pompe Travaini Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Company Information
Table 86. Pompe Travaini Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Specification and Application
Table 87. Pompe Travaini Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 88. Pompe Travaini Main Business and Markets Served
Table 89. Pompe Travaini Recent Developments/Updates
Table 90. Graham Corporation Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Company Information
Table 91. Graham Corporation Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Specification and Application
Table 92. Graham Corporation Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 93. Graham Corporation Main Business and Markets Served
Table 94. Graham Corporation Recent Developments/Updates
Table 95. DEKKER Vacuum Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Company Information
Table 96. DEKKER Vacuum Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Specification and Application
Table 97. DEKKER Vacuum Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 98. DEKKER Vacuum Main Business and Markets Served
Table 99. DEKKER Vacuum Recent Developments/Updates
Table 100. Eject System Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Company Information
Table 101. Eject System Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Specification and Application
Table 102. Eject System Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 103. Eject System Main Business and Markets Served
Table 104. Eject System Recent Developments/Updates
Table 105. Finetech Vacuum Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Company Information
Table 106. Finetech Vacuum Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Specification and Application
Table 107. Finetech Vacuum Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 108. Finetech Vacuum Main Business and Markets Served
Table 109. Finetech Vacuum Recent Developments/Updates
Table 110. Aerzen Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Company Information
Table 111. Aerzen Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Specification and Application
Table 112. Aerzen Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 113. Aerzen Main Business and Markets Served
Table 114. Aerzen Recent Developments/Updates
Table 115. Premier Fluid Systems Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Company Information
Table 116. Premier Fluid Systems Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Specification and Application
Table 117. Premier Fluid Systems Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 118. Premier Fluid Systems Main Business and Markets Served
Table 119. Premier Fluid Systems Recent Developments/Updates
Table 120. Meekaj Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Company Information
Table 121. Meekaj Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Specification and Application
Table 122. Meekaj Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 123. Meekaj Main Business and Markets Served
Table 124. Meekaj Recent Developments/Updates
Table 125. Alfa Technovac Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Company Information
Table 126. Alfa Technovac Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Specification and Application
Table 127. Alfa Technovac Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 128. Alfa Technovac Main Business and Markets Served
Table 129. Alfa Technovac Recent Developments/Updates
Table 130. Ohio Medical Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Company Information
Table 131. Ohio Medical Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Specification and Application
Table 132. Ohio Medical Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 133. Ohio Medical Main Business and Markets Served
Table 134. Ohio Medical Recent Developments/Updates
Table 135. Shandong Zhangqiu Blower Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Company Information
Table 136. Shandong Zhangqiu Blower Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Specification and Application
Table 137. Shandong Zhangqiu Blower Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 138. Shandong Zhangqiu Blower Main Business and Markets Served
Table 139. Shandong Zhangqiu Blower Recent Developments/Updates
Table 140. Shanghai Suoto Pump Industrial Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Company Information
Table 141. Shanghai Suoto Pump Industrial Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Specification and Application
Table 142. Shanghai Suoto Pump Industrial Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 143. Shanghai Suoto Pump Industrial Main Business and Markets Served
Table 144. Shanghai Suoto Pump Industrial Recent Developments/Updates
Table 145. Nantong Zhongtian Machinery Manufacturing Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Company Information
Table 146. Nantong Zhongtian Machinery Manufacturing Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Specification and Application
Table 147. Nantong Zhongtian Machinery Manufacturing Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 148. Nantong Zhongtian Machinery Manufacturing Main Business and Markets Served
Table 149. Nantong Zhongtian Machinery Manufacturing Recent Developments/Updates
Table 150. Acme Air Equipments Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Company Information
Table 151. Acme Air Equipments Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Specification and Application
Table 152. Acme Air Equipments Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 153. Acme Air Equipments Main Business and Markets Served
Table 154. Acme Air Equipments Recent Developments/Updates
Table 155. Löwener Vacuumservice Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Company Information
Table 156. Löwener Vacuumservice Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Specification and Application
Table 157. Löwener Vacuumservice Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 158. Löwener Vacuumservice Main Business and Markets Served
Table 159. Löwener Vacuumservice Recent Developments/Updates
Table 160. Void Pump Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Company Information
Table 161. Void Pump Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Specification and Application
Table 162. Void Pump Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 163. Void Pump Main Business and Markets Served
Table 164. Void Pump Recent Developments/Updates
Table 165. Key Raw Materials Lists
Table 166. Raw Materials Key Suppliers Lists
Table 167. Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Distributors List
Table 168. Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Customers List
Table 169. Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Market Trends
Table 170. Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Market Drivers
Table 171. Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Market Challenges
Table 172. Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Market Restraints
Table 173. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 174. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 175. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
Table 176. Authors List of This Report
List of Figures
Figure 1. Product Picture of Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps
Figure 2. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Market Value by Type, (US$ Million) & (2020-2031)
Figure 3. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Market Share by Type: 2024 VS 2031
Figure 4. Below 200 m³/h Product Picture
Figure 5. 200-500 m³/h Product Picture
Figure 6. Over 500 m³/h Product Picture
Figure 7. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Market Value by Application, (US$ Million) & (2020-2031)
Figure 8. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Market Share by Application: 2024 VS 2031
Figure 9. Chemical
Figure 10. Pharmaceutical
Figure 11. Power Industry
Figure 12. Paper Industry
Figure 13. Food Processing
Figure 14. Other
Figure 15. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production Value (US$ Million), 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 16. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production Value (US$ Million) & (2020-2031)
Figure 17. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production Capacity (K Units) & (2020-2031)
Figure 18. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production (K Units) & (2020-2031)
Figure 19. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Average Price (US$/Unit) & (2020-2031)
Figure 20. Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Report Years Considered
Figure 21. Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production Share by Manufacturers in 2024
Figure 22. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production Value Share by Manufacturers (2024)
Figure 23. Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3): 2020 VS 2024
Figure 24. The Global 5 and 10 Largest Players: Market Share by Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Revenue in 2024
Figure 25. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production Value by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 26. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production Value Market Share by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 27. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production Comparison by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Figure 28. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production Market Share by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 29. North America Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 30. Europe Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 31. China Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 32. Japan Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 33. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Consumption by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Figure 34. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Consumption Market Share by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 35. North America Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 36. North America Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Consumption Market Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 37. U.S. Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 38. Canada Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 39. Europe Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 40. Europe Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Consumption Market Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 41. Germany Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 42. France Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 43. U.K. Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 44. Italy Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 45. Netherlands Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 46. Asia Pacific Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 47. Asia Pacific Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Consumption Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 48. China Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 49. Japan Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 50. South Korea Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 51. China Taiwan Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 52. Southeast Asia Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 53. India Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 54. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 55. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Consumption Market Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 56. Mexico Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 57. Brazil Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 58. Turkey Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 59. GCC Countries Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 60. Global Production Market Share of Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 61. Global Production Value Market Share of Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 62. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Price (US$/Unit) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 63. Global Production Market Share of Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 64. Global Production Value Market Share of Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 65. Global Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Price (US$/Unit) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 66. Inline Water Ring Vacuum Pumps Value Chain
Figure 67. Channels of Distribution (Direct Vs Distribution)
Figure 68. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 69. Data Triangulation
