List of Tables
Table 1. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Market Value by Type, (US$ Million) & (2024 VS 2031)
Table 2. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Market Value by Application, (US$ Million) & (2024 VS 2031)
Table 3. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production Capacity (K Units) by Manufacturers in 2024
Table 4. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 5. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 6. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production Value by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 7. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production Value Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 8. Global Key Players of Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment, Industry Ranking, 2023 VS 2024
Table 9. Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Production Value in Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment as of 2024)
Table 10. Global Market Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Average Price by Manufacturers (US$/Unit) & (2020-2025)
Table 11. Global Key Manufacturers of Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment, Manufacturing Base Distribution and Headquarters
Table 12. Global Key Manufacturers of Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment, Product Offered and Application
Table 13. Global Key Manufacturers of Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment, Date of Enter into This Industry
Table 14. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 15. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table 16. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production Value by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 17. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production Value (US$ Million) by Region (2020-2025)
Table 18. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production Value Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
Table 19. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production Value (US$ Million) Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
Table 20. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production Value Market Share Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
Table 21. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production Comparison by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Table 22. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production (K Units) by Region (2020-2025)
Table 23. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
Table 24. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production (K Units) Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
Table 25. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production Market Share Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
Table 26. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Market Average Price (US$/Unit) by Region (2020-2025)
Table 27. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Market Average Price (US$/Unit) by Region (2026-2031)
Table 28. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Table 29. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Consumption by Region (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 30. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Consumption Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
Table 31. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Forecasted Consumption by Region (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 32. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Forecasted Consumption Market Share by Region (2026-2031)
Table 33. North America Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Table 34. North America Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Consumption by Country (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 35. North America Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Consumption by Country (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 36. Europe Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Table 37. Europe Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Consumption by Country (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 38. Europe Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Consumption by Country (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 39. Asia Pacific Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Table 40. Asia Pacific Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Consumption by Region (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 41. Asia Pacific Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Consumption by Region (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 42. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Table 43. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Consumption by Country (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 44. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Consumption by Country (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 45. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production (K Units) by Type (2020-2025)
Table 46. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production (K Units) by Type (2026-2031)
Table 47. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production Market Share by Type (2020-2025)
Table 48. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production Market Share by Type (2026-2031)
Table 49. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production Value (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2025)
Table 50. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production Value (US$ Million) by Type (2026-2031)
Table 51. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production Value Market Share by Type (2020-2025)
Table 52. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production Value Market Share by Type (2026-2031)
Table 53. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Price (US$/Unit) by Type (2020-2025)
Table 54. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Price (US$/Unit) by Type (2026-2031)
Table 55. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production (K Units) by Application (2020-2025)
Table 56. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production (K Units) by Application (2026-2031)
Table 57. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production Market Share by Application (2020-2025)
Table 58. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production Market Share by Application (2026-2031)
Table 59. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production Value (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2025)
Table 60. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production Value (US$ Million) by Application (2026-2031)
Table 61. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production Value Market Share by Application (2020-2025)
Table 62. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production Value Market Share by Application (2026-2031)
Table 63. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Price (US$/Unit) by Application (2020-2025)
Table 64. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Price (US$/Unit) by Application (2026-2031)
Table 65. Videojet Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Company Information
Table 66. Videojet Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Specification and Application
Table 67. Videojet Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 68. Videojet Main Business and Markets Served
Table 69. Videojet Recent Developments/Updates
Table 70. Domino Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Company Information
Table 71. Domino Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Specification and Application
Table 72. Domino Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 73. Domino Main Business and Markets Served
Table 74. Domino Recent Developments/Updates
Table 75. Markem-Imaje Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Company Information
Table 76. Markem-Imaje Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Specification and Application
Table 77. Markem-Imaje Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 78. Markem-Imaje Main Business and Markets Served
Table 79. Markem-Imaje Recent Developments/Updates
Table 80. KGK Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Company Information
Table 81. KGK Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Specification and Application
Table 82. KGK Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 83. KGK Main Business and Markets Served
Table 84. KGK Recent Developments/Updates
Table 85. REA JET Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Company Information
Table 86. REA JET Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Specification and Application
Table 87. REA JET Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 88. REA JET Main Business and Markets Served
Table 89. REA JET Recent Developments/Updates
Table 90. Hitachi Industrial Equipment Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Company Information
Table 91. Hitachi Industrial Equipment Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Specification and Application
Table 92. Hitachi Industrial Equipment Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 93. Hitachi Industrial Equipment Main Business and Markets Served
Table 94. Hitachi Industrial Equipment Recent Developments/Updates
Table 95. Koenig & Bauer Coding GmbH Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Company Information
Table 96. Koenig & Bauer Coding GmbH Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Specification and Application
Table 97. Koenig & Bauer Coding GmbH Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 98. Koenig & Bauer Coding GmbH Main Business and Markets Served
Table 99. Koenig & Bauer Coding GmbH Recent Developments/Updates
Table 100. Linx Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Company Information
Table 101. Linx Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Specification and Application
Table 102. Linx Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 103. Linx Main Business and Markets Served
Table 104. Linx Recent Developments/Updates
Table 105. Paul Leibinger Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Company Information
Table 106. Paul Leibinger Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Specification and Application
Table 107. Paul Leibinger Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 108. Paul Leibinger Main Business and Markets Served
Table 109. Paul Leibinger Recent Developments/Updates
Table 110. Hi-pack-coding Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Company Information
Table 111. Hi-pack-coding Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Specification and Application
Table 112. Hi-pack-coding Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 113. Hi-pack-coding Main Business and Markets Served
Table 114. Hi-pack-coding Recent Developments/Updates
Table 115. FastJet Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Company Information
Table 116. FastJet Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Specification and Application
Table 117. FastJet Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 118. FastJet Main Business and Markets Served
Table 119. FastJet Recent Developments/Updates
Table 120. EC-JET Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Company Information
Table 121. EC-JET Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Specification and Application
Table 122. EC-JET Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 123. EC-JET Main Business and Markets Served
Table 124. EC-JET Recent Developments/Updates
Table 125. Keyence Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Company Information
Table 126. Keyence Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Specification and Application
Table 127. Keyence Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 128. Keyence Main Business and Markets Served
Table 129. Keyence Recent Developments/Updates
Table 130. Macsa Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Company Information
Table 131. Macsa Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Specification and Application
Table 132. Macsa Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 133. Macsa Main Business and Markets Served
Table 134. Macsa Recent Developments/Updates
Table 135. Kinglee Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Company Information
Table 136. Kinglee Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Specification and Application
Table 137. Kinglee Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 138. Kinglee Main Business and Markets Served
Table 139. Kinglee Recent Developments/Updates
Table 140. Squid Ink Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Company Information
Table 141. Squid Ink Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Specification and Application
Table 142. Squid Ink Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 143. Squid Ink Main Business and Markets Served
Table 144. Squid Ink Recent Developments/Updates
Table 145. Control Print Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Company Information
Table 146. Control Print Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Specification and Application
Table 147. Control Print Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 148. Control Print Main Business and Markets Served
Table 149. Control Print Recent Developments/Updates
Table 150. Key Raw Materials Lists
Table 151. Raw Materials Key Suppliers Lists
Table 152. Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Distributors List
Table 153. Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Customers List
Table 154. Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Market Trends
Table 155. Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Market Drivers
Table 156. Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Market Challenges
Table 157. Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Market Restraints
Table 158. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 159. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 160. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
Table 161. Authors List of This Report
List of Figures
Figure 1. Product Picture of Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment
Figure 2. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Market Value by Type, (US$ Million) & (2020-2031)
Figure 3. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Market Share by Type: 2024 VS 2031
Figure 4. Maximum Printing height: ＜11 mm Product Picture
Figure 5. Maximum printing height: ≥11 mm Product Picture
Figure 6. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Market Value by Application, (US$ Million) & (2020-2031)
Figure 7. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Market Share by Application: 2024 VS 2031
Figure 8. Food Industry
Figure 9. Beverage Industry
Figure 10. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production Value (US$ Million), 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 11. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production Value (US$ Million) & (2020-2031)
Figure 12. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production Capacity (K Units) & (2020-2031)
Figure 13. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production (K Units) & (2020-2031)
Figure 14. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Average Price (US$/Unit) & (2020-2031)
Figure 15. Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Report Years Considered
Figure 16. Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production Share by Manufacturers in 2024
Figure 17. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production Value Share by Manufacturers (2024)
Figure 18. Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3): 2020 VS 2024
Figure 19. The Global 5 and 10 Largest Players: Market Share by Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Revenue in 2024
Figure 20. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production Value by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 21. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production Value Market Share by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 22. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production Comparison by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Figure 23. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production Market Share by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 24. North America Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 25. Europe Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 26. China Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 27. Japan Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 28. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Consumption by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Figure 29. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Consumption Market Share by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 30. North America Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 31. North America Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Consumption Market Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 32. U.S. Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 33. Canada Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 34. Europe Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 35. Europe Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Consumption Market Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 36. Germany Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 37. France Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 38. U.K. Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 39. Italy Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 40. Netherlands Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 41. Asia Pacific Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 42. Asia Pacific Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Consumption Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 43. China Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 44. Japan Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 45. South Korea Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 46. China Taiwan Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 47. Southeast Asia Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 48. India Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 49. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 50. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Consumption Market Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 51. Mexico Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 52. Brazil Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 53. Turkey Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 54. GCC Countries Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 55. Global Production Market Share of Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 56. Global Production Value Market Share of Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 57. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Price (US$/Unit) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 58. Global Production Market Share of Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 59. Global Production Value Market Share of Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 60. Global Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Price (US$/Unit) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 61. Food and Beverage CIJ Coding and Marking Equipment Value Chain
Figure 62. Channels of Distribution (Direct Vs Distribution)
Figure 63. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 64. Data Triangulation
