aluates Reports

$ 0.0

Automative

Global PVC Solenoid Valve Market Research Report 2025

Published Date: March 2025

Report Code: QYRE-Auto-28S12662

Global PVC Solenoid Valve Market Research Report 2023

BUY CHAPTERS

Global PVC Solenoid Valve Market Research Report 2025

Code: QYRE-Auto-28S12662

Report

March 2025

Pages:111

QYResearch

Buy Now with 15% Discount

DESCRIPTION

TABLE OF CONTENT

TABLES & FIGURES

FEATURED COMPANIES

CEME S p A

CKD Corporation

ODE

Curtiss-Wright Corporation

Alfa Laval

IMI plc

The Weir Group plc

Forbes Marshall

Bosch Rexroth AG

Spirax Sarco Limited

Danfoss A/S

ASCO Valve

Christian Bürkert GmbH

KANEKO SANGYO Co

Takasago Electric Industry Co

LESER GmbH & Co

GSR Ventiltechnik GmbH

PVC Solenoid Valve Market Size

The global market for PVC Solenoid Valve was valued at US$ 950 million in the year 2024 and is projected to reach a revised size of US$ 1212 million by 2031, growing at a CAGR of 3.6% during the forecast period.

PVC Solenoid Valve Market

Solenoid valves are electronic valves that consist of a solenoid. A solenoid is an electric coil with a movable ferromagnetic core in the centre. PVC Solenoid Valves are designed to handle a range of media and aggressive substances, depending on the valve selected and it’s configuration. Suitable for alkalis, alkaline washing and bleaching lyes, oxydizing acids and substances, salt solutions, oils, gases and vacuum depending on the model, seal material and valve configuration.The electric current flowing through this coil generates a magnetic field, which pulls the core upward and opens the orifice.These valves perform a variety of functions, including releasing, turning on or off, mixing, and distributing fluids and gases. Solenoid valves have many advantages, including dependability, an immediate and reliable switching mechanism, a long lifetime, a compact design, and low control power.

The global PVC solenoid valve market refers to the industry segment that involves the production, distribution, and use of solenoid valves made from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) materials. Solenoid valves are electromechanical devices that control the flow of fluids, such as liquids or gases, by using electromagnetic fields to open or close a valve.

Here are some key factors driving the growth of the global PVC solenoid valve market:

Wide range of applications: PVC solenoid valves are used in various industries, including water and wastewater treatment, irrigation systems, chemical processing, pharmaceuticals, food and beverage, and HVAC systems. These valves are suitable for applications where corrosion resistance, low cost, and lightweight properties are important.

Chemical resistance: PVC is known for its excellent chemical resistance, making it suitable for use with a wide range of fluids, including acids, alkalis, and corrosive chemicals. PVC solenoid valves are favored in industries where the handling of aggressive chemicals is involved.

Cost-effective: PVC solenoid valves are often more cost-effective compared to valves made from other materials such as stainless steel or brass. The lower cost of PVC valves makes them a preferred choice in applications where affordability is a critical factor.

Lightweight and easy installation: PVC solenoid valves are lightweight and easy to install, which reduces installation time and cost. Their compact size also makes them suitable for applications where space is limited.

Increasing infrastructure development: The global demand for PVC solenoid valves is driven by increasing infrastructure development, especially in sectors such as water and wastewater treatment, irrigation, and HVAC systems. These valves play a crucial role in controlling the flow of fluids in these systems, ensuring efficient and reliable operation.

Environmentally friendly: PVC is a recyclable material and has a lower carbon footprint compared to other materials. The use of PVC solenoid valves can contribute to sustainable practices and compliance with environmental regulations.

In conclusion, the global PVC solenoid valve market is driven by the wide range of applications, excellent chemical resistance, cost-effectiveness, lightweight and easy installation, increasing infrastructure development, and environmentally friendly characteristics. As various industries continue to grow and new infrastructure projects are undertaken, the demand for PVC solenoid valves is expected to increase in the coming years

Report Scope

This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for PVC Solenoid Valve, with both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding PVC Solenoid Valve.

The PVC Solenoid Valve market size, estimations, and forecasts are provided in terms of output/shipments (K Units) and revenue ($ millions), considering 2024 as the base year, with history and forecast data for the period from 2020 to 2031. This report segments the global PVC Solenoid Valve market comprehensively. Regional market sizes, concerning products by Type, by Application, and by players, are also provided.

For a more in-depth understanding of the market, the report provides profiles of the competitive landscape, key competitors, and their respective market ranks. The report also discusses technological trends and new product developments.

The report will help the PVC Solenoid Valve manufacturers, new entrants, and industry chain related companies in this market with information on the revenues, production, and average price for the overall market and the sub-segments across the different segments, by company, by Type, by Application, and by regions.

Market Segmentation

Scope of PVC Solenoid Valve Market Report

Report Metric	Details
Report Name	PVC Solenoid Valve Market
Accounted market size in year	US$ 950 million
Forecasted market size in 2031	US$ 1212 million
CAGR	3.6%
Base Year	year
Forecasted years	2025 - 2031
by Type	2 Way 3 Way 4 Way 5 Way Others
by Application	Chemical and Petrochemical Water and Wastewater Power Generation Automotive Pharmaceutical and Medical Food and Beverage Others
Production by Region	North America Europe China Japan
Consumption by Region	North America (United States, Canada) Europe (Germany, France, UK, Italy, Russia) Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan) Southeast Asia (India) Latin America (Mexico, Brazil)
By Company	CEME S.p.A., CKD Corporation, ODE S.r.l., KANEKO SANGYO Co, Takasago Electric Industry Co, Curtiss-wright Corporation, ALFA LAVAL, IMI plc, LESER GmbH & Co, The Weir Group PLC, Forbes Marshall, Bosch Rexroth AG, Spirax Sarco Limited, Danfoss A/S, GSR Ventiltechnik GmbH, ASCO Valve, Christian Bürkert GmbH
Forecast units	USD million in value
Report coverage	Revenue and volume forecast, company share, competitive landscape, growth factors and trends

Chapter Outline

Chapter 1: Introduces the report scope of the report, executive summary of different market segments (by region, by Type, by Application, etc), including the market size of each market segment, future development potential, and so on. It offers a high-level view of the current state of the market and its likely evolution in the short to mid-term, and long term.
Chapter 2: Detailed analysis of PVC Solenoid Valve manufacturers competitive landscape, price, production and value market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 3: Production/output, value of PVC Solenoid Valve by region/country. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region in the next six years.
Chapter 4: Consumption of PVC Solenoid Valve in regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space, and production of each country in the world.
Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by Type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 6: Provides the analysis of various market segments by Application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product production/output, value, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 8: Analysis of industrial chain, including the upstream and downstream of the industry.
Chapter 9: Introduces the market dynamics, latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by manufacturers in the industry, and the analysis of relevant policies in the industry.
Chapter 10: The main points and conclusions of the report.

FAQ for this report

How fast is PVC Solenoid Valve Market growing?

Ans: The PVC Solenoid Valve Market witnessing a CAGR of 3.6% during the forecast period 2025-2031.

What is the PVC Solenoid Valve Market size in 2031?

Ans: The PVC Solenoid Valve Market size in 2031 will be US$ 1212 million.

Who are the main players in the PVC Solenoid Valve Market report?

Ans: The main players in the PVC Solenoid Valve Market are CEME S.p.A., CKD Corporation, ODE S.r.l., KANEKO SANGYO Co, Takasago Electric Industry Co, Curtiss-wright Corporation, ALFA LAVAL, IMI plc, LESER GmbH & Co, The Weir Group PLC, Forbes Marshall, Bosch Rexroth AG, Spirax Sarco Limited, Danfoss A/S, GSR Ventiltechnik GmbH, ASCO Valve, Christian Bürkert GmbH

What are the Application segmentation covered in the PVC Solenoid Valve Market report?

Ans: The Applications covered in the PVC Solenoid Valve Market report are Chemical and Petrochemical, Water and Wastewater, Power Generation, Automotive, Pharmaceutical and Medical, Food and Beverage, Others

What are the Type segmentation covered in the PVC Solenoid Valve Market report?

Ans: The Types covered in the PVC Solenoid Valve Market report are 2 Way, 3 Way, 4 Way, 5 Way, Others

Recommended Reports

Solenoid Valve Types

Materials and Construction

End Use Applications

1 PVC Solenoid Valve Market Overview

1.1 Product Definition

1.2 PVC Solenoid Valve by Type

1.2.1 Global PVC Solenoid Valve Market Value Growth Rate Analysis by Type: 2024 VS 2031

1.2.2 2 Way

1.2.3 3 Way

1.2.4 4 Way

1.2.5 5 Way

1.2.6 Others

1.3 PVC Solenoid Valve by Application

1.3.1 Global PVC Solenoid Valve Market Value Growth Rate Analysis by Application: 2024 VS 2031

1.3.2 Chemical and Petrochemical

1.3.3 Water and Wastewater

1.3.4 Power Generation

1.3.5 Automotive

1.3.6 Pharmaceutical and Medical

1.3.7 Food and Beverage

1.3.8 Others

1.4 Global Market Growth Prospects

1.4.1 Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2020-2031)

1.4.2 Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production Capacity Estimates and Forecasts (2020-2031)

1.4.3 Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production Estimates and Forecasts (2020-2031)

1.4.4 Global PVC Solenoid Valve Market Average Price Estimates and Forecasts (2020-2031)

1.5 Assumptions and Limitations

2 Market Competition by Manufacturers

2.1 Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)

2.2 Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production Value Market Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)

2.3 Global Key Players of PVC Solenoid Valve, Industry Ranking, 2023 VS 2024

2.4 Global PVC Solenoid Valve Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3)

2.5 Global PVC Solenoid Valve Average Price by Manufacturers (2020-2025)

2.6 Global Key Manufacturers of PVC Solenoid Valve, Manufacturing Base Distribution and Headquarters

2.7 Global Key Manufacturers of PVC Solenoid Valve, Product Offered and Application

2.8 Global Key Manufacturers of PVC Solenoid Valve, Date of Enter into This Industry

2.9 PVC Solenoid Valve Market Competitive Situation and Trends

2.9.1 PVC Solenoid Valve Market Concentration Rate

2.9.2 Global 5 and 10 Largest PVC Solenoid Valve Players Market Share by Revenue

2.10 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion

3 PVC Solenoid Valve Production by Region

3.1 Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production Value Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031

3.2 Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production Value by Region (2020-2031)

3.2.1 Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production Value by Region (2020-2025)

3.2.2 Global Forecasted Production Value of PVC Solenoid Valve by Region (2026-2031)

3.3 Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031

3.4 Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production Volume by Region (2020-2031)

3.4.1 Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production by Region (2020-2025)

3.4.2 Global Forecasted Production of PVC Solenoid Valve by Region (2026-2031)

3.5 Global PVC Solenoid Valve Market Price Analysis by Region (2020-2025)

3.6 Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production and Value, Year-over-Year Growth

3.6.1 North America PVC Solenoid Valve Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2020-2031)

3.6.2 Europe PVC Solenoid Valve Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2020-2031)

3.6.3 China PVC Solenoid Valve Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2020-2031)

3.6.4 Japan PVC Solenoid Valve Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2020-2031)

4 PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption by Region

4.1 Global PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031

4.2 Global PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption by Region (2020-2031)

4.2.1 Global PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption by Region (2020-2025)

4.2.2 Global PVC Solenoid Valve Forecasted Consumption by Region (2026-2031)

4.3 North America

4.3.1 North America PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031

4.3.2 North America PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption by Country (2020-2031)

4.3.3 U.S.

4.3.4 Canada

4.4 Europe

4.4.1 Europe PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031

4.4.2 Europe PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption by Country (2020-2031)

4.4.3 Germany

4.4.4 France

4.4.5 U.K.

4.4.6 Italy

4.4.7 Netherlands

4.5 Asia Pacific

4.5.1 Asia Pacific PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031

4.5.2 Asia Pacific PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption by Region (2020-2031)

4.5.3 China

4.5.4 Japan

4.5.5 South Korea

4.5.6 China Taiwan

4.5.7 Southeast Asia

4.5.8 India

4.6 Latin America, Middle East & Africa

4.6.1 Latin America, Middle East & Africa PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031

4.6.2 Latin America, Middle East & Africa PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption by Country (2020-2031)

4.6.3 Mexico

4.6.4 Brazil

4.6.5 Turkey

4.6.6 GCC Countries

5 Segment by Type

5.1 Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production by Type (2020-2031)

5.1.1 Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production by Type (2020-2025)

5.1.2 Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production by Type (2026-2031)

5.1.3 Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production Market Share by Type (2020-2031)

5.2 Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production Value by Type (2020-2031)

5.2.1 Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production Value by Type (2020-2025)

5.2.2 Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production Value by Type (2026-2031)

5.2.3 Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production Value Market Share by Type (2020-2031)

5.3 Global PVC Solenoid Valve Price by Type (2020-2031)

6 Segment by Application

6.1 Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production by Application (2020-2031)

6.1.1 Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production by Application (2020-2025)

6.1.2 Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production by Application (2026-2031)

6.1.3 Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production Market Share by Application (2020-2031)

6.2 Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production Value by Application (2020-2031)

6.2.1 Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production Value by Application (2020-2025)

6.2.2 Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production Value by Application (2026-2031)

6.2.3 Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production Value Market Share by Application (2020-2031)

6.3 Global PVC Solenoid Valve Price by Application (2020-2031)

7 Key Companies Profiled

7.1 CEME S.p.A.

7.1.1 CEME S.p.A. PVC Solenoid Valve Company Information

7.1.2 CEME S.p.A. PVC Solenoid Valve Product Portfolio

7.1.3 CEME S.p.A. PVC Solenoid Valve Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

7.1.4 CEME S.p.A. Main Business and Markets Served

7.1.5 CEME S.p.A. Recent Developments/Updates

7.2 CKD Corporation

7.2.1 CKD Corporation PVC Solenoid Valve Company Information

7.2.2 CKD Corporation PVC Solenoid Valve Product Portfolio

7.2.3 CKD Corporation PVC Solenoid Valve Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

7.2.4 CKD Corporation Main Business and Markets Served

7.2.5 CKD Corporation Recent Developments/Updates

7.3 ODE S.r.l.

7.3.1 ODE S.r.l. PVC Solenoid Valve Company Information

7.3.2 ODE S.r.l. PVC Solenoid Valve Product Portfolio

7.3.3 ODE S.r.l. PVC Solenoid Valve Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

7.3.4 ODE S.r.l. Main Business and Markets Served

7.3.5 ODE S.r.l. Recent Developments/Updates

7.4 KANEKO SANGYO Co

7.4.1 KANEKO SANGYO Co PVC Solenoid Valve Company Information

7.4.2 KANEKO SANGYO Co PVC Solenoid Valve Product Portfolio

7.4.3 KANEKO SANGYO Co PVC Solenoid Valve Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

7.4.4 KANEKO SANGYO Co Main Business and Markets Served

7.4.5 KANEKO SANGYO Co Recent Developments/Updates

7.5 Takasago Electric Industry Co

7.5.1 Takasago Electric Industry Co PVC Solenoid Valve Company Information

7.5.2 Takasago Electric Industry Co PVC Solenoid Valve Product Portfolio

7.5.3 Takasago Electric Industry Co PVC Solenoid Valve Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

7.5.4 Takasago Electric Industry Co Main Business and Markets Served

7.5.5 Takasago Electric Industry Co Recent Developments/Updates

7.6 Curtiss-wright Corporation

7.6.1 Curtiss-wright Corporation PVC Solenoid Valve Company Information

7.6.2 Curtiss-wright Corporation PVC Solenoid Valve Product Portfolio

7.6.3 Curtiss-wright Corporation PVC Solenoid Valve Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

7.6.4 Curtiss-wright Corporation Main Business and Markets Served

7.6.5 Curtiss-wright Corporation Recent Developments/Updates

7.7 ALFA LAVAL

7.7.1 ALFA LAVAL PVC Solenoid Valve Company Information

7.7.2 ALFA LAVAL PVC Solenoid Valve Product Portfolio

7.7.3 ALFA LAVAL PVC Solenoid Valve Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

7.7.4 ALFA LAVAL Main Business and Markets Served

7.7.5 ALFA LAVAL Recent Developments/Updates

7.8 IMI plc

7.8.1 IMI plc PVC Solenoid Valve Company Information

7.8.2 IMI plc PVC Solenoid Valve Product Portfolio

7.8.3 IMI plc PVC Solenoid Valve Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

7.8.4 IMI plc Main Business and Markets Served

7.8.5 IMI plc Recent Developments/Updates

7.9 LESER GmbH & Co

7.9.1 LESER GmbH & Co PVC Solenoid Valve Company Information

7.9.2 LESER GmbH & Co PVC Solenoid Valve Product Portfolio

7.9.3 LESER GmbH & Co PVC Solenoid Valve Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

7.9.4 LESER GmbH & Co Main Business and Markets Served

7.9.5 LESER GmbH & Co Recent Developments/Updates

7.10 The Weir Group PLC

7.10.1 The Weir Group PLC PVC Solenoid Valve Company Information

7.10.2 The Weir Group PLC PVC Solenoid Valve Product Portfolio

7.10.3 The Weir Group PLC PVC Solenoid Valve Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

7.10.4 The Weir Group PLC Main Business and Markets Served

7.10.5 The Weir Group PLC Recent Developments/Updates

7.11 Forbes Marshall

7.11.1 Forbes Marshall PVC Solenoid Valve Company Information

7.11.2 Forbes Marshall PVC Solenoid Valve Product Portfolio

7.11.3 Forbes Marshall PVC Solenoid Valve Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

7.11.4 Forbes Marshall Main Business and Markets Served

7.11.5 Forbes Marshall Recent Developments/Updates

7.12 Bosch Rexroth AG

7.12.1 Bosch Rexroth AG PVC Solenoid Valve Company Information

7.12.2 Bosch Rexroth AG PVC Solenoid Valve Product Portfolio

7.12.3 Bosch Rexroth AG PVC Solenoid Valve Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

7.12.4 Bosch Rexroth AG Main Business and Markets Served

7.12.5 Bosch Rexroth AG Recent Developments/Updates

7.13 Spirax Sarco Limited

7.13.1 Spirax Sarco Limited PVC Solenoid Valve Company Information

7.13.2 Spirax Sarco Limited PVC Solenoid Valve Product Portfolio

7.13.3 Spirax Sarco Limited PVC Solenoid Valve Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

7.13.4 Spirax Sarco Limited Main Business and Markets Served

7.13.5 Spirax Sarco Limited Recent Developments/Updates

7.14 Danfoss A/S

7.14.1 Danfoss A/S PVC Solenoid Valve Company Information

7.14.2 Danfoss A/S PVC Solenoid Valve Product Portfolio

7.14.3 Danfoss A/S PVC Solenoid Valve Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

7.14.4 Danfoss A/S Main Business and Markets Served

7.14.5 Danfoss A/S Recent Developments/Updates

7.15 GSR Ventiltechnik GmbH

7.15.1 GSR Ventiltechnik GmbH PVC Solenoid Valve Company Information

7.15.2 GSR Ventiltechnik GmbH PVC Solenoid Valve Product Portfolio

7.15.3 GSR Ventiltechnik GmbH PVC Solenoid Valve Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

7.15.4 GSR Ventiltechnik GmbH Main Business and Markets Served

7.15.5 GSR Ventiltechnik GmbH Recent Developments/Updates

7.16 ASCO Valve

7.16.1 ASCO Valve PVC Solenoid Valve Company Information

7.16.2 ASCO Valve PVC Solenoid Valve Product Portfolio

7.16.3 ASCO Valve PVC Solenoid Valve Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

7.16.4 ASCO Valve Main Business and Markets Served

7.16.5 ASCO Valve Recent Developments/Updates

7.17 Christian Bürkert GmbH

7.17.1 Christian Bürkert GmbH PVC Solenoid Valve Company Information

7.17.2 Christian Bürkert GmbH PVC Solenoid Valve Product Portfolio

7.17.3 Christian Bürkert GmbH PVC Solenoid Valve Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

7.17.4 Christian Bürkert GmbH Main Business and Markets Served

7.17.5 Christian Bürkert GmbH Recent Developments/Updates

8 Industry Chain and Sales Channels Analysis

8.1 PVC Solenoid Valve Industry Chain Analysis

8.2 PVC Solenoid Valve Raw Material Supply Analysis

8.2.1 Key Raw Materials

8.2.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers

8.3 PVC Solenoid Valve Production Mode & Process Analysis

8.4 PVC Solenoid Valve Sales and Marketing

8.4.1 PVC Solenoid Valve Sales Channels

8.4.2 PVC Solenoid Valve Distributors

8.5 PVC Solenoid Valve Customer Analysis

9 PVC Solenoid Valve Market Dynamics

9.1 PVC Solenoid Valve Industry Trends

9.2 PVC Solenoid Valve Market Drivers

9.3 PVC Solenoid Valve Market Challenges

9.4 PVC Solenoid Valve Market Restraints

10 Research Findings and Conclusion

11 Methodology and Data Source

11.1 Methodology/Research Approach

11.1.1 Research Programs/Design

11.1.2 Market Size Estimation

11.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation

11.2 Data Source

11.2.1 Secondary Sources

11.2.2 Primary Sources

11.3 Author List

11.4 Disclaimer

FEATURED COMPANIES

CEME S p A

CKD Corporation

ODE

Curtiss-Wright Corporation

Alfa Laval

IMI plc

The Weir Group plc

Forbes Marshall

Bosch Rexroth AG

Spirax Sarco Limited

Danfoss A/S

ASCO Valve

Christian Bürkert GmbH

KANEKO SANGYO Co

Takasago Electric Industry Co

LESER GmbH & Co

GSR Ventiltechnik GmbH

List of Tables

Table 1. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Market Value by Type, (US$ Million) & (2024 VS 2031)

Table 2. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Market Value by Application, (US$ Million) & (2024 VS 2031)

Table 3. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production Capacity (K Units) by Manufacturers in 2024

Table 4. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (K Units)

Table 5. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)

Table 6. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production Value by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)

Table 7. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production Value Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)

Table 8. Global Key Players of PVC Solenoid Valve, Industry Ranking, 2023 VS 2024

Table 9. Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Production Value in PVC Solenoid Valve as of 2024)

Table 10. Global Market PVC Solenoid Valve Average Price by Manufacturers (US$/Unit) & (2020-2025)

Table 11. Global Key Manufacturers of PVC Solenoid Valve, Manufacturing Base Distribution and Headquarters

Table 12. Global Key Manufacturers of PVC Solenoid Valve, Product Offered and Application

Table 13. Global Key Manufacturers of PVC Solenoid Valve, Date of Enter into This Industry

Table 14. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)

Table 15. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans

Table 16. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production Value by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)

Table 17. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production Value (US$ Million) by Region (2020-2025)

Table 18. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production Value Market Share by Region (2020-2025)

Table 19. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production Value (US$ Million) Forecast by Region (2026-2031)

Table 20. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production Value Market Share Forecast by Region (2026-2031)

Table 21. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production Comparison by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)

Table 22. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production (K Units) by Region (2020-2025)

Table 23. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production Market Share by Region (2020-2025)

Table 24. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production (K Units) Forecast by Region (2026-2031)

Table 25. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production Market Share Forecast by Region (2026-2031)

Table 26. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Market Average Price (US$/Unit) by Region (2020-2025)

Table 27. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Market Average Price (US$/Unit) by Region (2026-2031)

Table 28. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)

Table 29. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption by Region (2020-2025) & (K Units)

Table 30. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption Market Share by Region (2020-2025)

Table 31. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Forecasted Consumption by Region (2026-2031) & (K Units)

Table 32. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Forecasted Consumption Market Share by Region (2026-2031)

Table 33. North America PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)

Table 34. North America PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption by Country (2020-2025) & (K Units)

Table 35. North America PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption by Country (2026-2031) & (K Units)

Table 36. Europe PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)

Table 37. Europe PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption by Country (2020-2025) & (K Units)

Table 38. Europe PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption by Country (2026-2031) & (K Units)

Table 39. Asia Pacific PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)

Table 40. Asia Pacific PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption by Region (2020-2025) & (K Units)

Table 41. Asia Pacific PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption by Region (2026-2031) & (K Units)

Table 42. Latin America, Middle East & Africa PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)

Table 43. Latin America, Middle East & Africa PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption by Country (2020-2025) & (K Units)

Table 44. Latin America, Middle East & Africa PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption by Country (2026-2031) & (K Units)

Table 45. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production (K Units) by Type (2020-2025)

Table 46. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production (K Units) by Type (2026-2031)

Table 47. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production Market Share by Type (2020-2025)

Table 48. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production Market Share by Type (2026-2031)

Table 49. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production Value (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2025)

Table 50. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production Value (US$ Million) by Type (2026-2031)

Table 51. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production Value Market Share by Type (2020-2025)

Table 52. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production Value Market Share by Type (2026-2031)

Table 53. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Price (US$/Unit) by Type (2020-2025)

Table 54. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Price (US$/Unit) by Type (2026-2031)

Table 55. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production (K Units) by Application (2020-2025)

Table 56. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production (K Units) by Application (2026-2031)

Table 57. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production Market Share by Application (2020-2025)

Table 58. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production Market Share by Application (2026-2031)

Table 59. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production Value (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2025)

Table 60. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production Value (US$ Million) by Application (2026-2031)

Table 61. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production Value Market Share by Application (2020-2025)

Table 62. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production Value Market Share by Application (2026-2031)

Table 63. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Price (US$/Unit) by Application (2020-2025)

Table 64. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Price (US$/Unit) by Application (2026-2031)

Table 65. CEME S.p.A. PVC Solenoid Valve Company Information

Table 66. CEME S.p.A. PVC Solenoid Valve Specification and Application

Table 67. CEME S.p.A. PVC Solenoid Valve Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

Table 68. CEME S.p.A. Main Business and Markets Served

Table 69. CEME S.p.A. Recent Developments/Updates

Table 70. CKD Corporation PVC Solenoid Valve Company Information

Table 71. CKD Corporation PVC Solenoid Valve Specification and Application

Table 72. CKD Corporation PVC Solenoid Valve Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

Table 73. CKD Corporation Main Business and Markets Served

Table 74. CKD Corporation Recent Developments/Updates

Table 75. ODE S.r.l. PVC Solenoid Valve Company Information

Table 76. ODE S.r.l. PVC Solenoid Valve Specification and Application

Table 77. ODE S.r.l. PVC Solenoid Valve Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

Table 78. ODE S.r.l. Main Business and Markets Served

Table 79. ODE S.r.l. Recent Developments/Updates

Table 80. KANEKO SANGYO Co PVC Solenoid Valve Company Information

Table 81. KANEKO SANGYO Co PVC Solenoid Valve Specification and Application

Table 82. KANEKO SANGYO Co PVC Solenoid Valve Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

Table 83. KANEKO SANGYO Co Main Business and Markets Served

Table 84. KANEKO SANGYO Co Recent Developments/Updates

Table 85. Takasago Electric Industry Co PVC Solenoid Valve Company Information

Table 86. Takasago Electric Industry Co PVC Solenoid Valve Specification and Application

Table 87. Takasago Electric Industry Co PVC Solenoid Valve Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

Table 88. Takasago Electric Industry Co Main Business and Markets Served

Table 89. Takasago Electric Industry Co Recent Developments/Updates

Table 90. Curtiss-wright Corporation PVC Solenoid Valve Company Information

Table 91. Curtiss-wright Corporation PVC Solenoid Valve Specification and Application

Table 92. Curtiss-wright Corporation PVC Solenoid Valve Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

Table 93. Curtiss-wright Corporation Main Business and Markets Served

Table 94. Curtiss-wright Corporation Recent Developments/Updates

Table 95. ALFA LAVAL PVC Solenoid Valve Company Information

Table 96. ALFA LAVAL PVC Solenoid Valve Specification and Application

Table 97. ALFA LAVAL PVC Solenoid Valve Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

Table 98. ALFA LAVAL Main Business and Markets Served

Table 99. ALFA LAVAL Recent Developments/Updates

Table 100. IMI plc PVC Solenoid Valve Company Information

Table 101. IMI plc PVC Solenoid Valve Specification and Application

Table 102. IMI plc PVC Solenoid Valve Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

Table 103. IMI plc Main Business and Markets Served

Table 104. IMI plc Recent Developments/Updates

Table 105. LESER GmbH & Co PVC Solenoid Valve Company Information

Table 106. LESER GmbH & Co PVC Solenoid Valve Specification and Application

Table 107. LESER GmbH & Co PVC Solenoid Valve Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

Table 108. LESER GmbH & Co Main Business and Markets Served

Table 109. LESER GmbH & Co Recent Developments/Updates

Table 110. The Weir Group PLC PVC Solenoid Valve Company Information

Table 111. The Weir Group PLC PVC Solenoid Valve Specification and Application

Table 112. The Weir Group PLC PVC Solenoid Valve Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

Table 113. The Weir Group PLC Main Business and Markets Served

Table 114. The Weir Group PLC Recent Developments/Updates

Table 115. Forbes Marshall PVC Solenoid Valve Company Information

Table 116. Forbes Marshall PVC Solenoid Valve Specification and Application

Table 117. Forbes Marshall PVC Solenoid Valve Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

Table 118. Forbes Marshall Main Business and Markets Served

Table 119. Forbes Marshall Recent Developments/Updates

Table 120. Bosch Rexroth AG PVC Solenoid Valve Company Information

Table 121. Bosch Rexroth AG PVC Solenoid Valve Specification and Application

Table 122. Bosch Rexroth AG PVC Solenoid Valve Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

Table 123. Bosch Rexroth AG Main Business and Markets Served

Table 124. Bosch Rexroth AG Recent Developments/Updates

Table 125. Spirax Sarco Limited PVC Solenoid Valve Company Information

Table 126. Spirax Sarco Limited PVC Solenoid Valve Specification and Application

Table 127. Spirax Sarco Limited PVC Solenoid Valve Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

Table 128. Spirax Sarco Limited Main Business and Markets Served

Table 129. Spirax Sarco Limited Recent Developments/Updates

Table 130. Danfoss A/S PVC Solenoid Valve Company Information

Table 131. Danfoss A/S PVC Solenoid Valve Specification and Application

Table 132. Danfoss A/S PVC Solenoid Valve Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

Table 133. Danfoss A/S Main Business and Markets Served

Table 134. Danfoss A/S Recent Developments/Updates

Table 135. GSR Ventiltechnik GmbH PVC Solenoid Valve Company Information

Table 136. GSR Ventiltechnik GmbH PVC Solenoid Valve Specification and Application

Table 137. GSR Ventiltechnik GmbH PVC Solenoid Valve Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

Table 138. GSR Ventiltechnik GmbH Main Business and Markets Served

Table 139. GSR Ventiltechnik GmbH Recent Developments/Updates

Table 140. ASCO Valve PVC Solenoid Valve Company Information

Table 141. ASCO Valve PVC Solenoid Valve Specification and Application

Table 142. ASCO Valve PVC Solenoid Valve Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

Table 143. ASCO Valve Main Business and Markets Served

Table 144. ASCO Valve Recent Developments/Updates

Table 145. Christian Bürkert GmbH PVC Solenoid Valve Company Information

Table 146. Christian Bürkert GmbH PVC Solenoid Valve Specification and Application

Table 147. Christian Bürkert GmbH PVC Solenoid Valve Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)

Table 148. Christian Bürkert GmbH Main Business and Markets Served

Table 149. Christian Bürkert GmbH Recent Developments/Updates

Table 150. Key Raw Materials Lists

Table 151. Raw Materials Key Suppliers Lists

Table 152. PVC Solenoid Valve Distributors List

Table 153. PVC Solenoid Valve Customers List

Table 154. PVC Solenoid Valve Market Trends

Table 155. PVC Solenoid Valve Market Drivers

Table 156. PVC Solenoid Valve Market Challenges

Table 157. PVC Solenoid Valve Market Restraints

Table 158. Research Programs/Design for This Report

Table 159. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources

Table 160. Key Data Information from Primary Sources

Table 161. Authors List of This Report

List of Figures

Figure 1. Product Picture of PVC Solenoid Valve

Figure 2. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Market Value by Type, (US$ Million) & (2020-2031)

Figure 3. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Market Share by Type: 2024 VS 2031

Figure 4. 2 Way Product Picture

Figure 5. 3 Way Product Picture

Figure 6. 4 Way Product Picture

Figure 7. 5 Way Product Picture

Figure 8. Others Product Picture

Figure 9. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Market Value by Application, (US$ Million) & (2020-2031)

Figure 10. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Market Share by Application: 2024 VS 2031

Figure 11. Chemical and Petrochemical

Figure 12. Water and Wastewater

Figure 13. Power Generation

Figure 14. Automotive

Figure 15. Pharmaceutical and Medical

Figure 16. Food and Beverage

Figure 17. Others

Figure 18. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production Value (US$ Million), 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031

Figure 19. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production Value (US$ Million) & (2020-2031)

Figure 20. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production Capacity (K Units) & (2020-2031)

Figure 21. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production (K Units) & (2020-2031)

Figure 22. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Average Price (US$/Unit) & (2020-2031)

Figure 23. PVC Solenoid Valve Report Years Considered

Figure 24. PVC Solenoid Valve Production Share by Manufacturers in 2024

Figure 25. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production Value Share by Manufacturers (2024)

Figure 26. PVC Solenoid Valve Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3): 2020 VS 2024

Figure 27. The Global 5 and 10 Largest Players: Market Share by PVC Solenoid Valve Revenue in 2024

Figure 28. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production Value by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)

Figure 29. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production Value Market Share by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031

Figure 30. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production Comparison by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)

Figure 31. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Production Market Share by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031

Figure 32. North America PVC Solenoid Valve Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)

Figure 33. Europe PVC Solenoid Valve Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)

Figure 34. China PVC Solenoid Valve Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)

Figure 35. Japan PVC Solenoid Valve Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)

Figure 36. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)

Figure 37. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption Market Share by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031

Figure 38. North America PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)

Figure 39. North America PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption Market Share by Country (2020-2031)

Figure 40. U.S. PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)

Figure 41. Canada PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)

Figure 42. Europe PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)

Figure 43. Europe PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption Market Share by Country (2020-2031)

Figure 44. Germany PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)

Figure 45. France PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)

Figure 46. U.K. PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)

Figure 47. Italy PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)

Figure 48. Netherlands PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)

Figure 49. Asia Pacific PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)

Figure 50. Asia Pacific PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption Market Share by Region (2020-2031)

Figure 51. China PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)

Figure 52. Japan PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)

Figure 53. South Korea PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)

Figure 54. China Taiwan PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)

Figure 55. Southeast Asia PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)

Figure 56. India PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)

Figure 57. Latin America, Middle East & Africa PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)

Figure 58. Latin America, Middle East & Africa PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption Market Share by Country (2020-2031)

Figure 59. Mexico PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)

Figure 60. Brazil PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)

Figure 61. Turkey PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)

Figure 62. GCC Countries PVC Solenoid Valve Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (K Units)

Figure 63. Global Production Market Share of PVC Solenoid Valve by Type (2020-2031)

Figure 64. Global Production Value Market Share of PVC Solenoid Valve by Type (2020-2031)

Figure 65. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Price (US$/Unit) by Type (2020-2031)

Figure 66. Global Production Market Share of PVC Solenoid Valve by Application (2020-2031)

Figure 67. Global Production Value Market Share of PVC Solenoid Valve by Application (2020-2031)

Figure 68. Global PVC Solenoid Valve Price (US$/Unit) by Application (2020-2031)

Figure 69. PVC Solenoid Valve Value Chain

Figure 70. Channels of Distribution (Direct Vs Distribution)

Figure 71. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report

Figure 72. Data Triangulation

SELECT A FORMAT

Added to Cart

Single User

Electronic (PDF)

$2900

This license allows only one user to access the PDF.

Multi User

Electronic (PDF)

$4350

This license allows 1 - 5 user to access the PDF, license is suitable for small groups of 5 users working together

Enterprise User

Electronic (PDF)

$5800

This license allows users/teams in a same Enterprise to use this report, various departments within an enterpise can use this report

Add to Cart

Buy Now (15% Discount)

HAVE A QUERY?

INQUIRE ABOUT REPORT EMAIL US

OUR CUSTOMER

Global Microflluidic Solenoid Valves Market Research Report 2024

Global Electromechanical Solenoid Valves Market Research Report 2024

Solenoid Valves for Vacuum Global Market Share and Ranking Overall Sales and Demand Forecast 2024 2030

Global Liquid Solenoid Valve Market Research Report 2025

Global Marine Solenoid Valves Market Insights Forecast to 2030

Global Solenoid for Switch Valve Market Research Report 2024

Global Solenoid Valve for Medical Equipment Market Research Report 2025

Global Aircraft Solenoid Valve Market Insights Forecast to 2030

Solenoid Operated Valves Global Market Share and Ranking Overall Sales and Demand Forecast 2024 2030

Global Electromagnetic Solenoid Valves Market Research Report 2024

Global Lightweight Solenoid Valve Market Research Report 2024

Global Direct Acting and Pilot Solenoid Valve Market Research Report 2024

Global Straight Through Solenoid Valve Market Research Report 2024

Global Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Solenoid Valve Market Research Report 2024

Global Solenoid Pneumatic Valve Market Research Report 2025

Global Solenoid Valve for Harsh Environment Market Research Report 2024

Global Compact Solenoid Actuated Control Valve Market Research Report 2024

Global Solenoid for Hydraulic Valve Market Research Report 2024

Global Explosion Proof Solenoid Valve Market Research Report 2024

RELATED REPORTS

Global High Precision Probe Station Market Research Report 2025

120 Pages

Type: Report

Code: QYRE-Auto-25F19592

Fri Sep 12 00:00:00 UTC 2025

Add to Cart

Global MCR Based Static VAR Compensator Market Research Report 2025

120 Pages

Type: Report

Code: QYRE-Auto-22W19666

Fri Sep 12 00:00:00 UTC 2025

Add to Cart

Global Channel Impeller Pump Market Research Report 2025

120 Pages

Type: Report

Code: QYRE-Auto-39T19646

Fri Sep 12 00:00:00 UTC 2025

Add to Cart

Global Geometric Precision Instrument Market Research Report 2025

120 Pages

Type: Report

Code: QYRE-Auto-11L19943

Fri Sep 12 00:00:00 UTC 2025

Add to Cart

aluates Reports

Support Contacts

U.S. (TOLL FREE)

+1 (425) 388-2538

sales@valuates.com

THE COMPANY

OUR PRODUCTS

CUSTOMER SUPPORT

CONTACT
FAQ

POLICES

THE COMPANY

ABOUT US

CUSTOMER SUPPORT

CONTACT
FAQ

OUR PRODUCTS

POLICES

Sitemap - Privacy Policy - Terms & Conditions