List of Tables
Table 1. Global Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 2. Global Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 3. Global Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 4. Global Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Revenue by Region (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 5. Global Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Revenue by Region (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 6. Global Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Sales Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Table 7. Global Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Sales by Region (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 8. Global Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Sales by Region (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 9. Emerging Market Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) (US$ Million)
Table 10. Global Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Sales by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 11. Global Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Sales Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 12. Global Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Revenue by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 13. Global Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 14. Global Key Manufacturers’Ranking Shift (2023 vs. 2024) (Based on Revenue)
Table 15. Global Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive by Manufacturer Tier (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive as of 2024)
Table 16. Global Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Average Gross Margin (%) by Manufacturer (2020 VS 2024)
Table 17. Global Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Average Selling Price (ASP) by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (US$/Unit)
Table 18. Key Manufacturers Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Manufacturing Base and Headquarters
Table 19. Global Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 20. Key Market Entrant/Exit (2020-2024) – Drivers & Impact Analysis
Table 21. Key Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans, R&D Investment
Table 22. Global Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Sales by Type (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 23. Global Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Sales by Type (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 24. Global Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Revenue by Type (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 25. Global Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Revenue by Type (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 26. Global Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive ASP by Type (2020-2031) & (US$/Unit)
Table 27. Technical Specifications by Key Product Type
Table 28. Global Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Sales by Application (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 29. Global Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Sales by Application (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 30. Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive High-Growth Sectors Demand CAGR (2024-2031)
Table 31. Global Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Revenue by Application (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 32. Global Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Revenue by Application (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 33. Global Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive ASP by Application (2020-2031) & (US$/Unit)
Table 34. Top Customers by Region
Table 35. Top Customers by Application
Table 36. North America Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Growth Accelerators and Market Barriers
Table 37. North America Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) (US$ Million)
Table 38. North America Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Sales (K Units) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
Table 39. Europe Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Growth Accelerators and Market Barriers
Table 40. Europe Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 41. Europe Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Sales (K Units) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
Table 42. Asia-Pacific Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 43. Asia-Pacific Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Sales (K Units) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
Table 44. Asia-Pacific Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Growth Accelerators and Market Barriers
Table 45. Southeast Asia Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 46. Central and South America Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Investment Opportunities and Key Challenges
Table 47. Central and South America Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) (US$ Million)
Table 48. Middle East and Africa Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Investment Opportunities and Key Challenges
Table 49. Middle East and Africa Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) (US$ Million)
Table 50. HOYA Corporation Information
Table 51. HOYA Description and Major Businesses
Table 52. HOYA Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 53. HOYA Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 54. HOYA Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 55. HOYA Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 56. HOYA Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 57. HOYA Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive SWOT Analysis
Table 58. HOYA Recent Developments
Table 59. Canon Corporation Information
Table 60. Canon Description and Major Businesses
Table 61. Canon Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 62. Canon Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 63. Canon Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 64. Canon Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 65. Canon Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 66. Canon Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive SWOT Analysis
Table 67. Canon Recent Developments
Table 68. AGC Corporation Information
Table 69. AGC Description and Major Businesses
Table 70. AGC Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 71. AGC Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 72. AGC Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 73. AGC Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 74. AGC Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 75. AGC Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive SWOT Analysis
Table 76. AGC Recent Developments
Table 77. Panasonic Corporation Information
Table 78. Panasonic Description and Major Businesses
Table 79. Panasonic Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 80. Panasonic Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 81. Panasonic Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 82. Panasonic Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 83. Panasonic Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 84. Panasonic Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive SWOT Analysis
Table 85. Panasonic Recent Developments
Table 86. Sumita Optical Glass Corporation Information
Table 87. Sumita Optical Glass Description and Major Businesses
Table 88. Sumita Optical Glass Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 89. Sumita Optical Glass Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 90. Sumita Optical Glass Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 91. Sumita Optical Glass Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 92. Sumita Optical Glass Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 93. Sumita Optical Glass Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive SWOT Analysis
Table 94. Sumita Optical Glass Recent Developments
Table 95. LightPath Technologies Corporation Information
Table 96. LightPath Technologies Description and Major Businesses
Table 97. LightPath Technologies Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 98. LightPath Technologies Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 99. LightPath Technologies Recent Developments
Table 100. Newport Corporation Corporation Information
Table 101. Newport Corporation Description and Major Businesses
Table 102. Newport Corporation Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 103. Newport Corporation Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 104. Newport Corporation Recent Developments
Table 105. Wavelength Opto-Electronic Corporation Information
Table 106. Wavelength Opto-Electronic Description and Major Businesses
Table 107. Wavelength Opto-Electronic Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 108. Wavelength Opto-Electronic Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 109. Wavelength Opto-Electronic Recent Developments
Table 110. Thorlabs Corporation Information
Table 111. Thorlabs Description and Major Businesses
Table 112. Thorlabs Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 113. Thorlabs Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 114. Thorlabs Recent Developments
Table 115. Archer OpTx Corporation Information
Table 116. Archer OpTx Description and Major Businesses
Table 117. Archer OpTx Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 118. Archer OpTx Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 119. Archer OpTx Recent Developments
Table 120. Esco Optics Corporation Information
Table 121. Esco Optics Description and Major Businesses
Table 122. Esco Optics Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 123. Esco Optics Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 124. Esco Optics Recent Developments
Table 125. Isuzu Glass Corporation Information
Table 126. Isuzu Glass Description and Major Businesses
Table 127. Isuzu Glass Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 128. Isuzu Glass Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 129. Isuzu Glass Recent Developments
Table 130. Edmund Optics Corporation Information
Table 131. Edmund Optics Description and Major Businesses
Table 132. Edmund Optics Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 133. Edmund Optics Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 134. Edmund Optics Recent Developments
Table 135. Sunny Optical Technology (group)co., Ltd. Corporation Information
Table 136. Sunny Optical Technology (group)co., Ltd. Description and Major Businesses
Table 137. Sunny Optical Technology (group)co., Ltd. Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 138. Sunny Optical Technology (group)co., Ltd. Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 139. Sunny Optical Technology (group)co., Ltd. Recent Developments
Table 140. Optowide Corporation Information
Table 141. Optowide Description and Major Businesses
Table 142. Optowide Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 143. Optowide Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 144. Optowide Recent Developments
Table 145. Lianchuang Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. Corporation Information
Table 146. Lianchuang Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. Description and Major Businesses
Table 147. Lianchuang Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 148. Lianchuang Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 149. Lianchuang Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. Recent Developments
Table 150. Zhejiang Lante Optics Co., Ltd Corporation Information
Table 151. Zhejiang Lante Optics Co., Ltd Description and Major Businesses
Table 152. Zhejiang Lante Optics Co., Ltd Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 153. Zhejiang Lante Optics Co., Ltd Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 154. Zhejiang Lante Optics Co., Ltd Recent Developments
Table 155. Key Raw Materials Distribution
Table 156. Raw Materials Key Suppliers
Table 157. Critical Raw Material Supplier Concentration (2024) & Risk Index
Table 158. Milestones in Production Technology Evolution
Table 159. Distributors List
Table 160. Market Trends and Market Evolution
Table 161. Market Drivers and Opportunities
Table 162. Market Challenges, Risks, and Restraints
Table 163. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 164. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 165. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
List of Figures
Figure 1. Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Product Picture
Figure 2. Global Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 3. Convex Lens Product Picture
Figure 4. Concave Lens Product Picture
Figure 5. Meniscus Lens Product Picture
Figure 6. Global Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 7. Vehicle Camera
Figure 8. Vehicle Lidar
Figure 9. Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Report Years Considered
Figure 10. Global Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Revenue, (US$ Million), 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 11. Global Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 12. Global Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Revenue (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 13. Global Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Revenue Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 14. Global Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Sales (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 15. Global Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Sales (CAGR) by Region (2020-2031) (K Units)
Figure 16. Global Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Sales Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 17. Top 5 and Top 10 Manufacturers Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Sales Volume Market Share in 2024
Figure 18. Global Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Revenue Market Share Ranking (2024)
Figure 19. Tier Distribution by Revenue Contribution (2020 VS 2024)
Figure 20. Convex Lens Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 21. Concave Lens Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 22. Meniscus Lens Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 23. Global Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Sales Market Share by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 24. Global Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Revenue Market Share by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 25. Global Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Sales Market Share by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 26. Global Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Revenue Market Share by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 27. North America Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 28. North America Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 29. North America Top 5 Manufacturers Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 30. North America Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Sales Volume (K Units) by Type (2020- 2031)
Figure 31. North America Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020 - 2031)
Figure 32. North America Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Sales Volume (K Units) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 33. North America Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 34. US Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 35. Canada Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 36. Mexico Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 37. Europe Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 38. Europe Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 39. Europe Top 5 Manufacturers Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 40. Europe Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Sales Volume (K Units) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 41. Europe Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 42. Europe Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Sales Volume (K Units) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 43. Europe Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 44. Germany Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 45. France Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 46. U.K. Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 47. Italy Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 48. Russia Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 49. Asia-Pacific Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 50. Asia-Pacific Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 51. Asia-Pacific Top 8 Manufacturers Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 52. Asia-Pacific Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Sales Volume (K Units) by Type (2020- 2031)
Figure 53. Asia-Pacific Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020- 2031)
Figure 54. Asia-Pacific Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Sales Volume (K Units) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 55. Asia-Pacific Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 56. Indonesia Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 57. Japan Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 58. South Korea Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 59. China Taiwan Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 60. India Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 61. Central and South America Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 62. Central and South America Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 63. Central and South America Top 5 Manufacturers Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 64. Central and South America Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Sales Volume (K Units) by Type (2021-2031)
Figure 65. Central and South America Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 66. Central and South America Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Sales Volume (K Units) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 67. Central and South America Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 68. Brazil Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 69. Argentina Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 70. Middle East, and Africa Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 71. Middle East and Africa Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 72. Middle East and Africa Top 5 Manufacturers Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 73. Middle East and Africa Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Sales Volume (K Units) by Type (2021-2031)
Figure 74. South America Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 75. Middle East and Africa Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Sales Volume (K Units) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 76. Middle East and Africa Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 77. GCC Countries Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 78. Turkey Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 79. Egypt Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 80. South Africa Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 81. Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Industry Chain Mapping
Figure 82. Regional Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Manufacturing Base Distribution (%)
Figure 83. Global Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Production Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 84. Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Production Process
Figure 85. Regional Molded Glass Aspheric Lenses for Automotive Production Cost Structure
Figure 86. Channels of Distribution (Direct Vs Distribution)
Figure 87. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 88. Data Triangulation
Figure 89. Key Executives Interviewed
