List of Tables
Table 1. Global Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Market Value Comparison by Type (2024 VS 2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 2. Global Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Market Value by Application (2024 VS 2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 3. Global Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Market Competitive Situation by Manufacturers in 2024
Table 4. Global Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales (K Units) of Key Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 5. Global Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales Market Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 6. Global Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue (US$ Million) by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 7. Global Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 8. Global Market Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Average Price (US$/Unit) of Key Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 9. Global Key Players of Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals, Industry Ranking, 2022 VS 2023 VS 2024
Table 10. Global Key Manufacturers of Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals, Manufacturing Sites & Headquarters
Table 11. Global Key Manufacturers of Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals, Product Type & Application
Table 12. Global Key Manufacturers of Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals, Date of Enter into This Industry
Table 13. Global Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 14. Global Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals as of 2024)
Table 15. Manufacturers Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table 16. Global Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Market Size by Region (US$ Million): 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Table 17. Global Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales by Region (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 18. Global Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
Table 19. Global Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales by Region (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 20. Global Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales Market Share by Region (2026-2031)
Table 21. Global Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue by Region (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 22. Global Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
Table 23. Global Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue by Region (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 24. Global Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue Market Share by Region (2026-2031)
Table 25. North America Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 26. North America Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales by Country (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 27. North America Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales by Country (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 28. North America Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue by Country (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 29. North America Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue by Country (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 30. Europe Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 31. Europe Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales by Country (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 32. Europe Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales by Country (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 33. Europe Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue by Country (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 34. Europe Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue by Country (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 35. Asia Pacific Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 36. Asia Pacific Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales by Region (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 37. Asia Pacific Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales by Region (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 38. Asia Pacific Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue by Region (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 39. Asia Pacific Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue by Region (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 40. Latin America Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 41. Latin America Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales by Country (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 42. Latin America Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales by Country (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 43. Latin America Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue by Country (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 44. Latin America Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue by Country (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 45. Middle East and Africa Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 46. Middle East and Africa Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales by Country (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 47. Middle East and Africa Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales by Country (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 48. Middle East and Africa Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue by Country (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 49. Middle East and Africa Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue by Country (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 50. Global Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales (K Units) by Type (2020-2025)
Table 51. Global Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales (K Units) by Type (2026-2031)
Table 52. Global Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales Market Share by Type (2020-2025)
Table 53. Global Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales Market Share by Type (2026-2031)
Table 54. Global Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2025)
Table 55. Global Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2026-2031)
Table 56. Global Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue Market Share by Type (2020-2025)
Table 57. Global Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue Market Share by Type (2026-2031)
Table 58. Global Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Price (US$/Unit) by Type (2020-2025)
Table 59. Global Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Price (US$/Unit) by Type (2026-2031)
Table 60. Global Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales (K Units) by Application (2020-2025)
Table 61. Global Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales (K Units) by Application (2026-2031)
Table 62. Global Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales Market Share by Application (2020-2025)
Table 63. Global Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales Market Share by Application (2026-2031)
Table 64. Global Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2025)
Table 65. Global Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2026-2031)
Table 66. Global Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue Market Share by Application (2020-2025)
Table 67. Global Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue Market Share by Application (2026-2031)
Table 68. Global Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Price (US$/Unit) by Application (2020-2025)
Table 69. Global Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Price (US$/Unit) by Application (2026-2031)
Table 70. Roche Company Information
Table 71. Roche Description and Business Overview
Table 72. Roche Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 73. Roche Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Product
Table 74. Roche Recent Developments/Updates
Table 75. Amgen Company Information
Table 76. Amgen Description and Business Overview
Table 77. Amgen Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 78. Amgen Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Product
Table 79. Amgen Recent Developments/Updates
Table 80. AbbVie Company Information
Table 81. AbbVie Description and Business Overview
Table 82. AbbVie Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 83. AbbVie Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Product
Table 84. AbbVie Recent Developments/Updates
Table 85. Sanofi-Aventis Company Information
Table 86. Sanofi-Aventis Description and Business Overview
Table 87. Sanofi-Aventis Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 88. Sanofi-Aventis Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Product
Table 89. Sanofi-Aventis Recent Developments/Updates
Table 90. Johnson & Johnson Company Information
Table 91. Johnson & Johnson Description and Business Overview
Table 92. Johnson & Johnson Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 93. Johnson & Johnson Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Product
Table 94. Johnson & Johnson Recent Developments/Updates
Table 95. Pfizer Company Information
Table 96. Pfizer Description and Business Overview
Table 97. Pfizer Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 98. Pfizer Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Product
Table 99. Pfizer Recent Developments/Updates
Table 100. Novo Nordisk Company Information
Table 101. Novo Nordisk Description and Business Overview
Table 102. Novo Nordisk Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 103. Novo Nordisk Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Product
Table 104. Novo Nordisk Recent Developments/Updates
Table 105. Eli Lilly Company Information
Table 106. Eli Lilly Description and Business Overview
Table 107. Eli Lilly Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 108. Eli Lilly Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Product
Table 109. Eli Lilly Recent Developments/Updates
Table 110. Novartis Company Information
Table 111. Novartis Description and Business Overview
Table 112. Novartis Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 113. Novartis Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Product
Table 114. Novartis Recent Developments/Updates
Table 115. Merck Company Information
Table 116. Merck Description and Business Overview
Table 117. Merck Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 118. Merck Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Product
Table 119. Merck Recent Developments/Updates
Table 120. Sun Company Information
Table 121. Sun Description and Business Overview
Table 122. Sun Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 123. Sun Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Product
Table 124. Sun Recent Developments/Updates
Table 125. 3SBio Company Information
Table 126. 3SBio Description and Business Overview
Table 127. 3SBio Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 128. 3SBio Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Product
Table 129. 3SBio Recent Developments/Updates
Table 130. Changchun High-tech Company Information
Table 131. Changchun High-tech Description and Business Overview
Table 132. Changchun High-tech Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 133. Changchun High-tech Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Product
Table 134. Changchun High-tech Recent Developments/Updates
Table 135. CITIC Guojian Company Information
Table 136. CITIC Guojian Description and Business Overview
Table 137. CITIC Guojian Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 138. CITIC Guojian Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Product
Table 139. CITIC Guojian Recent Developments/Updates
Table 140. Baitai Biology Company Information
Table 141. Baitai Biology Description and Business Overview
Table 142. Baitai Biology Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 143. Baitai Biology Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Product
Table 144. Baitai Biology Recent Developments/Updates
Table 145. Saijin Biotechnology Company Information
Table 146. Saijin Biotechnology Description and Business Overview
Table 147. Saijin Biotechnology Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 148. Saijin Biotechnology Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Product
Table 149. Saijin Biotechnology Recent Developments/Updates
Table 150. Innovent Company Information
Table 151. Innovent Description and Business Overview
Table 152. Innovent Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 153. Innovent Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Product
Table 154. Innovent Recent Developments/Updates
Table 155. Tonghua Dongbao Company Information
Table 156. Tonghua Dongbao Description and Business Overview
Table 157. Tonghua Dongbao Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 158. Tonghua Dongbao Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Product
Table 159. Tonghua Dongbao Recent Developments/Updates
Table 160. Gan Li Company Information
Table 161. Gan Li Description and Business Overview
Table 162. Gan Li Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 163. Gan Li Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Product
Table 164. Gan Li Recent Developments/Updates
Table 165. United Pharmaceuticals Company Information
Table 166. United Pharmaceuticals Description and Business Overview
Table 167. United Pharmaceuticals Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 168. United Pharmaceuticals Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Product
Table 169. United Pharmaceuticals Recent Developments/Updates
Table 170. SANDOZ (NOVARTIS) Company Information
Table 171. SANDOZ (NOVARTIS) Description and Business Overview
Table 172. SANDOZ (NOVARTIS) Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 173. SANDOZ (NOVARTIS) Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Product
Table 174. SANDOZ (NOVARTIS) Recent Developments/Updates
Table 175. Teva Pharmaceutical Company Information
Table 176. Teva Pharmaceutical Description and Business Overview
Table 177. Teva Pharmaceutical Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 178. Teva Pharmaceutical Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Product
Table 179. Teva Pharmaceutical Recent Developments/Updates
Table 180. Hospira (Pfizer) Company Information
Table 181. Hospira (Pfizer) Description and Business Overview
Table 182. Hospira (Pfizer) Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 183. Hospira (Pfizer) Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Product
Table 184. Hospira (Pfizer) Recent Developments/Updates
Table 185. MYLAN Company Information
Table 186. MYLAN Description and Business Overview
Table 187. MYLAN Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 188. MYLAN Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Product
Table 189. MYLAN Recent Developments/Updates
Table 190. Sun Pharma Company Information
Table 191. Sun Pharma Description and Business Overview
Table 192. Sun Pharma Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 193. Sun Pharma Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Product
Table 194. Sun Pharma Recent Developments/Updates
Table 195. Key Raw Materials Lists
Table 196. Raw Materials Key Suppliers Lists
Table 197. Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Distributors List
Table 198. Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Customers List
Table 199. Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Market Trends
Table 200. Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Market Drivers
Table 201. Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Market Challenges
Table 202. Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Market Restraints
Table 203. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 204. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 205. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
Table 206. Authors List of This Report
List of Figures
Figure 1. Product Picture of Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals
Figure 2. Global Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Market Value Comparison by Type (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 3. Global Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Market Share by Type: 2024 & 2031
Figure 4. Biological Drugs Product Picture
Figure 5. Biosimilars Product Picture
Figure 6. Global Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Market Value by Application (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 7. Global Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Market Share by Application: 2024 & 2031
Figure 8. Cancer
Figure 9. Diabetic
Figure 10. Cardiovascular
Figure 11. Hemophilia
Figure 12. Other
Figure 13. Global Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue, (US$ Million), 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 14. Global Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Market Size (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 15. Global Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 16. Global Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Average Price (US$/Unit) & (2020-2031)
Figure 17. Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Report Years Considered
Figure 18. Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales Share by Manufacturers in 2024
Figure 19. Global Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue Share by Manufacturers in 2024
Figure 20. Global 5 and 10 Largest Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Players: Market Share by Revenue in Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals in 2024
Figure 21. Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3): 2020 VS 2024
Figure 22. Global Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Market Size by Region (US$ Million): 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 23. North America Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales Market Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 24. North America Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue Market Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 25. United States Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 26. Canada Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 27. Europe Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales Market Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 28. Europe Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue Market Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 29. Germany Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 30. France Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 31. U.K. Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 32. Italy Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 33. Russia Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 34. Asia Pacific Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 35. Asia Pacific Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 36. China Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 37. Japan Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 38. South Korea Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 39. India Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 40. Australia Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 41. China Taiwan Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 42. Southeast Asia Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 43. Latin America Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales Market Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 44. Latin America Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue Market Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 45. Mexico Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 46. Brazil Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 47. Argentina Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 48. Middle East and Africa Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Sales Market Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 49. Middle East and Africa Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue Market Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 50. Turkey Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 51. Saudi Arabia Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 52. UAE Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Revenue Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 53. Global Sales Market Share of Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 54. Global Revenue Market Share of Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 55. Global Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Price (US$/Unit) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 56. Global Sales Market Share of Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 57. Global Revenue Market Share of Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 58. Global Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Price (US$/Unit) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 59. Macromolecule Biopharmaceuticals Value Chain
Figure 60. Channels of Distribution (Direct Vs Distribution)
Figure 61. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 62. Data Triangulation
Figure 63. Key Executives Interviewed
