List of Tables
Table 1. Global Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 2. Global Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 3. Global Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 4. Global Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Revenue by Region (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 5. Global Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Revenue by Region (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 6. Global Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Sales Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (Units)
Table 7. Global Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Sales by Region (2020-2025) & (Units)
Table 8. Global Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Sales by Region (2026-2031) & (Units)
Table 9. Emerging Market Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) (US$ Million)
Table 10. Global Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Production Growth Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (Units)
Table 11. Global Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Production by Region (2020-2025) & (Units)
Table 12. Global Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Production by Region (2026-2031) & (Units)
Table 13. Global Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Sales by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (Units)
Table 14. Global Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Sales Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 15. Global Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Revenue by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 16. Global Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 17. Global Key Manufacturers’Ranking Shift (2023 vs. 2024) (Based on Revenue)
Table 18. Global Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction by Manufacturer Tier (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction as of 2024)
Table 19. Global Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Average Gross Margin (%) by Manufacturer (2020 VS 2024)
Table 20. Global Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Average Selling Price (ASP) by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (US$/Unit)
Table 21. Key Manufacturers Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Manufacturing Base and Headquarters
Table 22. Global Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 23. Key Market Entrant/Exit (2020-2024) – Drivers & Impact Analysis
Table 24. Key Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans, R&D Investment
Table 25. Global Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Sales by Type (2020-2025) & (Units)
Table 26. Global Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Sales by Type (2026-2031) & (Units)
Table 27. Global Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Revenue by Type (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 28. Global Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Revenue by Type (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 29. Global Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction ASP by Type (2020-2031) & (US$/Unit)
Table 30. Technical Specifications by Key Product Type
Table 31. Global Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Sales by Application (2020-2025) & (Units)
Table 32. Global Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Sales by Application (2026-2031) & (Units)
Table 33. Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction High-Growth Sectors Demand CAGR (2024-2031)
Table 34. Global Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Revenue by Application (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 35. Global Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Revenue by Application (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 36. Global Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction ASP by Application (2020-2031) & (US$/Unit)
Table 37. Top Customers by Region
Table 38. Top Customers by Application
Table 39. North America Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Growth Accelerators and Market Barriers
Table 40. North America Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) (US$ Million)
Table 41. North America Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Sales (Units) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
Table 42. Europe Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Growth Accelerators and Market Barriers
Table 43. Europe Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 44. Europe Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Sales (Units) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
Table 45. Asia-Pacific Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 46. Asia-Pacific Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Sales (Units) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
Table 47. Asia-Pacific Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Growth Accelerators and Market Barriers
Table 48. Southeast Asia Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 49. Central and South America Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Investment Opportunities and Key Challenges
Table 50. Central and South America Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) (US$ Million)
Table 51. Middle East and Africa Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Investment Opportunities and Key Challenges
Table 52. Middle East and Africa Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) (US$ Million)
Table 53. COBOD Corporation Information
Table 54. COBOD Description and Major Businesses
Table 55. COBOD Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 56. COBOD Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 57. COBOD Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 58. COBOD Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 59. COBOD Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 60. COBOD Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction SWOT Analysis
Table 61. COBOD Recent Developments
Table 62. HepcoMotion Corporation Information
Table 63. HepcoMotion Description and Major Businesses
Table 64. HepcoMotion Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 65. HepcoMotion Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 66. HepcoMotion Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 67. HepcoMotion Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 68. HepcoMotion Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 69. HepcoMotion Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction SWOT Analysis
Table 70. HepcoMotion Recent Developments
Table 71. Icon Build Corporation Information
Table 72. Icon Build Description and Major Businesses
Table 73. Icon Build Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 74. Icon Build Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 75. Icon Build Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 76. Icon Build Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 77. Icon Build Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 78. Icon Build Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction SWOT Analysis
Table 79. Icon Build Recent Developments
Table 80. S-Squared Corporation Information
Table 81. S-Squared Description and Major Businesses
Table 82. S-Squared Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 83. S-Squared Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 84. S-Squared Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 85. S-Squared Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 86. S-Squared Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 87. S-Squared Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction SWOT Analysis
Table 88. S-Squared Recent Developments
Table 89. Contour Crafting Corporation Information
Table 90. Contour Crafting Description and Major Businesses
Table 91. Contour Crafting Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 92. Contour Crafting Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 93. Contour Crafting Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 94. Contour Crafting Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 95. Contour Crafting Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 96. Contour Crafting Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction SWOT Analysis
Table 97. Contour Crafting Recent Developments
Table 98. Constructions 3D Corporation Information
Table 99. Constructions 3D Description and Major Businesses
Table 100. Constructions 3D Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 101. Constructions 3D Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 102. Constructions 3D Recent Developments
Table 103. Black Buffalo Corporation Information
Table 104. Black Buffalo Description and Major Businesses
Table 105. Black Buffalo Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 106. Black Buffalo Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 107. Black Buffalo Recent Developments
Table 108. BeMore3D Corporation Information
Table 109. BeMore3D Description and Major Businesses
Table 110. BeMore3D Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 111. BeMore3D Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 112. BeMore3D Recent Developments
Table 113. Betabram Corporation Information
Table 114. Betabram Description and Major Businesses
Table 115. Betabram Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 116. Betabram Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 117. Betabram Recent Developments
Table 118. Tvasta Corporation Information
Table 119. Tvasta Description and Major Businesses
Table 120. Tvasta Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 121. Tvasta Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 122. Tvasta Recent Developments
Table 123. XtreeE Corporation Information
Table 124. XtreeE Description and Major Businesses
Table 125. XtreeE Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 126. XtreeE Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 127. XtreeE Recent Developments
Table 128. Evocons Corporation Information
Table 129. Evocons Description and Major Businesses
Table 130. Evocons Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 131. Evocons Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 132. Evocons Recent Developments
Table 133. CyBe Construction Corporation Information
Table 134. CyBe Construction Description and Major Businesses
Table 135. CyBe Construction Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 136. CyBe Construction Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 137. CyBe Construction Recent Developments
Table 138. Aeditive Corporation Information
Table 139. Aeditive Description and Major Businesses
Table 140. Aeditive Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 141. Aeditive Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 142. Aeditive Recent Developments
Table 143. AICT Corporation Information
Table 144. AICT Description and Major Businesses
Table 145. AICT Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 146. AICT Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 147. AICT Recent Developments
Table 148. Building Machines Corporation Information
Table 149. Building Machines Description and Major Businesses
Table 150. Building Machines Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 151. Building Machines Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 152. Building Machines Recent Developments
Table 153. Cybe Corporation Information
Table 154. Cybe Description and Major Businesses
Table 155. Cybe Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 156. Cybe Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 157. Cybe Recent Developments
Table 158. Hyperion Robotics Corporation Information
Table 159. Hyperion Robotics Description and Major Businesses
Table 160. Hyperion Robotics Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 161. Hyperion Robotics Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 162. Hyperion Robotics Recent Developments
Table 163. Mobbot Corporation Information
Table 164. Mobbot Description and Major Businesses
Table 165. Mobbot Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 166. Mobbot Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 167. Mobbot Recent Developments
Table 168. Pikus3D Corporation Information
Table 169. Pikus3D Description and Major Businesses
Table 170. Pikus3D Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 171. Pikus3D Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 172. Pikus3D Recent Developments
Table 173. Key Raw Materials Distribution
Table 174. Raw Materials Key Suppliers
Table 175. Critical Raw Material Supplier Concentration (2024) & Risk Index
Table 176. Milestones in Production Technology Evolution
Table 177. Distributors List
Table 178. Market Trends and Market Evolution
Table 179. Market Drivers and Opportunities
Table 180. Market Challenges, Risks, and Restraints
Table 181. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 182. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 183. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
List of Figures
Figure 1. Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Product Picture
Figure 2. Global Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 3. Gantry System Product Picture
Figure 4. Robotic Arm Product Picture
Figure 5. Global Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 6. Onsite
Figure 7. Offsite
Figure 8. Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Report Years Considered
Figure 9. Global Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Revenue, (US$ Million), 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 10. Global Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 11. Global Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Revenue (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 12. Global Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Revenue Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 13. Global Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Sales (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 14. Global Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Sales (CAGR) by Region (2020-2031) (Units)
Figure 15. Global Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Sales Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 16. Global Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Capacity, Production and Utilization (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 17. Global Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Production Trend by Region (2020-2031) (Units)
Figure 18. Global Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Production Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 19. Production Capacity Enablers & Constraints
Figure 20. Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Production Growth Rate in North America (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 21. Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Production Growth Rate in Europe (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 22. Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Production Growth Rate in China (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 23. Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Production Growth Rate in Japan (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 24. Top 5 and Top 10 Manufacturers Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Sales Volume Market Share in 2024
Figure 25. Global Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Revenue Market Share Ranking (2024)
Figure 26. Tier Distribution by Revenue Contribution (2020 VS 2024)
Figure 27. Gantry System Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 28. Robotic Arm Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 29. Type Eight Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 30. Type Nine Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 31. Global Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Sales Market Share by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 32. Global Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Revenue Market Share by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 33. Global Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Sales Market Share by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 34. Global Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Revenue Market Share by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 35. North America Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 36. North America Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 37. North America Top 5 Manufacturers Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 38. North America Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Sales Volume (Units) by Type (2020- 2031)
Figure 39. North America Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020 - 2031)
Figure 40. North America Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Sales Volume (Units) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 41. North America Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 42. US Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 43. Canada Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 44. Mexico Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 45. Europe Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 46. Europe Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 47. Europe Top 5 Manufacturers Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 48. Europe Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Sales Volume (Units) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 49. Europe Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 50. Europe Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Sales Volume (Units) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 51. Europe Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 52. Germany Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 53. France Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 54. U.K. Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 55. Italy Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 56. Russia Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 57. Asia-Pacific Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 58. Asia-Pacific Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 59. Asia-Pacific Top 8 Manufacturers Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 60. Asia-Pacific Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Sales Volume (Units) by Type (2020- 2031)
Figure 61. Asia-Pacific Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020- 2031)
Figure 62. Asia-Pacific Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Sales Volume (Units) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 63. Asia-Pacific Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 64. Indonesia Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 65. Japan Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 66. South Korea Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 67. China Taiwan Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 68. India Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 69. Central and South America Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 70. Central and South America Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 71. Central and South America Top 5 Manufacturers Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 72. Central and South America Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Sales Volume (Units) by Type (2021-2031)
Figure 73. Central and South America Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 74. Central and South America Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Sales Volume (Units) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 75. Central and South America Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 76. Brazil Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 77. Argentina Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 78. Middle East, and Africa Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 79. Middle East and Africa Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 80. Middle East and Africa Top 5 Manufacturers Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 81. Middle East and Africa Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Sales Volume (Units) by Type (2021-2031)
Figure 82. South America Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 83. Middle East and Africa Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Sales Volume (Units) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 84. Middle East and Africa Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 85. GCC Countries Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 86. Turkey Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 87. Egypt Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 88. South Africa Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 89. Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Industry Chain Mapping
Figure 90. Regional Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Manufacturing Base Distribution (%)
Figure 91. Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Production Process
Figure 92. Regional Gigantic 3D Printer for Construction Production Cost Structure
Figure 93. Channels of Distribution (Direct Vs Distribution)
Figure 94. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 95. Data Triangulation
Figure 96. Key Executives Interviewed