List of Tables
Table 1. Global Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 2. Global Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 3. Global Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 4. Global Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Revenue by Region (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 5. Global Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Revenue by Region (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 6. Global Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Sales Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (Tons)
Table 7. Global Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Sales by Region (2020-2025) & (Tons)
Table 8. Global Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Sales by Region (2026-2031) & (Tons)
Table 9. Emerging Market Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) (US$ Million)
Table 10. Global Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Production Growth Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (Tons)
Table 11. Global Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Production by Region (2020-2025) & (Tons)
Table 12. Global Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Production by Region (2026-2031) & (Tons)
Table 13. Global Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Sales by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (Tons)
Table 14. Global Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Sales Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 15. Global Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Revenue by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 16. Global Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 17. Global Key Manufacturers’Ranking Shift (2023 vs. 2024) (Based on Revenue)
Table 18. Global Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate by Manufacturer Tier (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate as of 2024)
Table 19. Global Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Average Gross Margin (%) by Manufacturer (2020 VS 2024)
Table 20. Global Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Average Selling Price (ASP) by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (US$/Ton)
Table 21. Key Manufacturers Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Manufacturing Base and Headquarters
Table 22. Global Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 23. Key Market Entrant/Exit (2020-2024) – Drivers & Impact Analysis
Table 24. Key Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans, R&D Investment
Table 25. Global Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Sales by Type (2020-2025) & (Tons)
Table 26. Global Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Sales by Type (2026-2031) & (Tons)
Table 27. Global Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Revenue by Type (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 28. Global Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Revenue by Type (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 29. Global Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate ASP by Type (2020-2031) & (US$/Ton)
Table 30. Technical Specifications by Key Product Type
Table 31. Global Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Sales by Application (2020-2025) & (Tons)
Table 32. Global Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Sales by Application (2026-2031) & (Tons)
Table 33. Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate High-Growth Sectors Demand CAGR (2024-2031)
Table 34. Global Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Revenue by Application (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 35. Global Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Revenue by Application (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 36. Global Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate ASP by Application (2020-2031) & (US$/Ton)
Table 37. Top Customers by Region
Table 38. Top Customers by Application
Table 39. North America Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Growth Accelerators and Market Barriers
Table 40. North America Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) (US$ Million)
Table 41. North America Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Sales (Tons) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
Table 42. Europe Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Growth Accelerators and Market Barriers
Table 43. Europe Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 44. Europe Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Sales (Tons) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
Table 45. Asia-Pacific Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 46. Asia-Pacific Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Sales (Tons) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
Table 47. Asia-Pacific Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Growth Accelerators and Market Barriers
Table 48. Southeast Asia Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 49. Central and South America Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Investment Opportunities and Key Challenges
Table 50. Central and South America Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) (US$ Million)
Table 51. Middle East and Africa Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Investment Opportunities and Key Challenges
Table 52. Middle East and Africa Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) (US$ Million)
Table 53. Sibram Pharmaceutical Corporation Information
Table 54. Sibram Pharmaceutical Description and Major Businesses
Table 55. Sibram Pharmaceutical Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 56. Sibram Pharmaceutical Capacity, Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 57. Sibram Pharmaceutical Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 58. Sibram Pharmaceutical Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 59. Sibram Pharmaceutical Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 60. Sibram Pharmaceutical Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate SWOT Analysis
Table 61. Sibram Pharmaceutical Recent Developments
Table 62. Vgs Synthesis Private Limited Corporation Information
Table 63. Vgs Synthesis Private Limited Description and Major Businesses
Table 64. Vgs Synthesis Private Limited Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 65. Vgs Synthesis Private Limited Capacity, Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 66. Vgs Synthesis Private Limited Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 67. Vgs Synthesis Private Limited Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 68. Vgs Synthesis Private Limited Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 69. Vgs Synthesis Private Limited Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate SWOT Analysis
Table 70. Vgs Synthesis Private Limited Recent Developments
Table 71. BASR Fine Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. Corporation Information
Table 72. BASR Fine Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. Description and Major Businesses
Table 73. BASR Fine Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 74. BASR Fine Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. Capacity, Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 75. BASR Fine Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 76. BASR Fine Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 77. BASR Fine Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 78. BASR Fine Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate SWOT Analysis
Table 79. BASR Fine Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. Recent Developments
Table 80. Shandong Shining Medical Science and Technology Corporation Information
Table 81. Shandong Shining Medical Science and Technology Description and Major Businesses
Table 82. Shandong Shining Medical Science and Technology Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 83. Shandong Shining Medical Science and Technology Capacity, Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 84. Shandong Shining Medical Science and Technology Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 85. Shandong Shining Medical Science and Technology Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 86. Shandong Shining Medical Science and Technology Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 87. Shandong Shining Medical Science and Technology Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate SWOT Analysis
Table 88. Shandong Shining Medical Science and Technology Recent Developments
Table 89. Chengdu D-innovation Pharmaceutical Corporation Information
Table 90. Chengdu D-innovation Pharmaceutical Description and Major Businesses
Table 91. Chengdu D-innovation Pharmaceutical Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 92. Chengdu D-innovation Pharmaceutical Capacity, Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 93. Chengdu D-innovation Pharmaceutical Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 94. Chengdu D-innovation Pharmaceutical Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 95. Chengdu D-innovation Pharmaceutical Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 96. Chengdu D-innovation Pharmaceutical Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate SWOT Analysis
Table 97. Chengdu D-innovation Pharmaceutical Recent Developments
Table 98. Nanjing CHICO Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd Corporation Information
Table 99. Nanjing CHICO Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd Description and Major Businesses
Table 100. Nanjing CHICO Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 101. Nanjing CHICO Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd Capacity, Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 102. Nanjing CHICO Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd Recent Developments
Table 103. Bai'ao Biology Technology Corporation Information
Table 104. Bai'ao Biology Technology Description and Major Businesses
Table 105. Bai'ao Biology Technology Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 106. Bai'ao Biology Technology Capacity, Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 107. Bai'ao Biology Technology Recent Developments
Table 108. Suzhou Chenghe Pharmaceutical & Chemical Corporation Information
Table 109. Suzhou Chenghe Pharmaceutical & Chemical Description and Major Businesses
Table 110. Suzhou Chenghe Pharmaceutical & Chemical Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 111. Suzhou Chenghe Pharmaceutical & Chemical Capacity, Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 112. Suzhou Chenghe Pharmaceutical & Chemical Recent Developments
Table 113. Key Raw Materials Distribution
Table 114. Raw Materials Key Suppliers
Table 115. Critical Raw Material Supplier Concentration (2024) & Risk Index
Table 116. Milestones in Production Technology Evolution
Table 117. Distributors List
Table 118. Market Trends and Market Evolution
Table 119. Market Drivers and Opportunities
Table 120. Market Challenges, Risks, and Restraints
Table 121. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 122. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 123. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
List of Figures
Figure 1. Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Product Picture
Figure 2. Global Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 3. Purity 99% Product Picture
Figure 4. Purity 98% Product Picture
Figure 5. Purity 95% Product Picture
Figure 6. Others Product Picture
Figure 7. Global Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 8. Organic Synthesis Intermediates
Figure 9. Pharmaceutical Intermediates
Figure 10. Others
Figure 11. Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Report Years Considered
Figure 12. Global Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Revenue, (US$ Million), 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 13. Global Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 14. Global Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Revenue (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 15. Global Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Revenue Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 16. Global Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Sales (2020-2031) & (Tons)
Figure 17. Global Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Sales (CAGR) by Region (2020-2031) (Tons)
Figure 18. Global Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Sales Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 19. Global Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Capacity, Production and Utilization (2020-2031) & (Tons)
Figure 20. Global Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Production Trend by Region (2020-2031) (Tons)
Figure 21. Global Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Production Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 22. Production Capacity Enablers & Constraints
Figure 23. Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Production Growth Rate in China (2020-2031) & (Tons)
Figure 24. Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Production Growth Rate in India (2020-2031) & (Tons)
Figure 25. Top 5 and Top 10 Manufacturers Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Sales Volume Market Share in 2024
Figure 26. Global Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Revenue Market Share Ranking (2024)
Figure 27. Tier Distribution by Revenue Contribution (2020 VS 2024)
Figure 28. Purity 99% Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 29. Purity 98% Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 30. Purity 95% Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 31. Others Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 32. Type Eight Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 33. Type Nine Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 34. Global Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Sales Market Share by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 35. Global Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Revenue Market Share by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 36. Global Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Sales Market Share by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 37. Global Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Revenue Market Share by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 38. North America Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (Tons)
Figure 39. North America Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 40. North America Top 5 Manufacturers Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 41. North America Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Sales Volume (Tons) by Type (2020- 2031)
Figure 42. North America Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020 - 2031)
Figure 43. North America Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Sales Volume (Tons) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 44. North America Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 45. US Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 46. Canada Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 47. Mexico Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 48. Europe Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (Tons)
Figure 49. Europe Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 50. Europe Top 5 Manufacturers Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 51. Europe Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Sales Volume (Tons) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 52. Europe Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 53. Europe Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Sales Volume (Tons) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 54. Europe Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 55. Germany Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 56. France Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 57. U.K. Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 58. Italy Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 59. Russia Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 60. Asia-Pacific Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (Tons)
Figure 61. Asia-Pacific Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 62. Asia-Pacific Top 8 Manufacturers Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 63. Asia-Pacific Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Sales Volume (Tons) by Type (2020- 2031)
Figure 64. Asia-Pacific Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020- 2031)
Figure 65. Asia-Pacific Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Sales Volume (Tons) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 66. Asia-Pacific Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 67. Indonesia Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 68. Japan Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 69. South Korea Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 70. China Taiwan Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 71. India Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 72. Central and South America Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (Tons)
Figure 73. Central and South America Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 74. Central and South America Top 5 Manufacturers Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 75. Central and South America Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Sales Volume (Tons) by Type (2021-2031)
Figure 76. Central and South America Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 77. Central and South America Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Sales Volume (Tons) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 78. Central and South America Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 79. Brazil Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 80. Argentina Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 81. Middle East, and Africa Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (Tons)
Figure 82. Middle East and Africa Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 83. Middle East and Africa Top 5 Manufacturers Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 84. Middle East and Africa Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Sales Volume (Tons) by Type (2021-2031)
Figure 85. South America Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 86. Middle East and Africa Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Sales Volume (Tons) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 87. Middle East and Africa Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 88. GCC Countries Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 89. Turkey Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 90. Egypt Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 91. South Africa Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 92. Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Industry Chain Mapping
Figure 93. Regional Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Manufacturing Base Distribution (%)
Figure 94. Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Production Process
Figure 95. Regional Methyl 4-Amino-2-Methoxybenzoate Production Cost Structure
Figure 96. Channels of Distribution (Direct Vs Distribution)
Figure 97. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 98. Data Triangulation
Figure 99. Key Executives Interviewed