List of Tables
Table 1. Global 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 2. Global 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 3. Global 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 4. Global 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Revenue by Region (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 5. Global 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Revenue by Region (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 6. Global 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Sales Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Table 7. Global 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Sales by Region (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 8. Global 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Sales by Region (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 9. Emerging Market Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) (US$ Million)
Table 10. Global 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Production Growth Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Table 11. Global 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Production by Region (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 12. Global 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Production by Region (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 13. Global 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Sales by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 14. Global 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Sales Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 15. Global 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Revenue by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 16. Global 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 17. Global Key Manufacturers’Ranking Shift (2023 vs. 2024) (Based on Revenue)
Table 18. Global 5G Cellular IoT Gateway by Manufacturer Tier (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in 5G Cellular IoT Gateway as of 2024)
Table 19. Global 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Average Gross Margin (%) by Manufacturer (2020 VS 2024)
Table 20. Global 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Average Selling Price (ASP) by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (US$/Unit)
Table 21. Key Manufacturers 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Manufacturing Base and Headquarters
Table 22. Global 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 23. Key Market Entrant/Exit (2020-2024) – Drivers & Impact Analysis
Table 24. Key Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans, R&D Investment
Table 25. Global 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Sales by Type (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 26. Global 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Sales by Type (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 27. Global 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Revenue by Type (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 28. Global 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Revenue by Type (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 29. Global 5G Cellular IoT Gateway ASP by Type (2020-2031) & (US$/Unit)
Table 30. Technical Specifications by Key Product Type
Table 31. Global 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Sales by Application (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 32. Global 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Sales by Application (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 33. 5G Cellular IoT Gateway High-Growth Sectors Demand CAGR (2024-2031)
Table 34. Global 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Revenue by Application (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 35. Global 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Revenue by Application (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 36. Global 5G Cellular IoT Gateway ASP by Application (2020-2031) & (US$/Unit)
Table 37. Top Customers by Region
Table 38. Top Customers by Application
Table 39. North America 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Growth Accelerators and Market Barriers
Table 40. North America 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) (US$ Million)
Table 41. North America 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Sales (K Units) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
Table 42. Europe 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Growth Accelerators and Market Barriers
Table 43. Europe 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 44. Europe 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Sales (K Units) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
Table 45. Asia-Pacific 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 46. Asia-Pacific 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Sales (K Units) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
Table 47. Asia-Pacific 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Growth Accelerators and Market Barriers
Table 48. Southeast Asia 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 49. Central and South America 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Investment Opportunities and Key Challenges
Table 50. Central and South America 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) (US$ Million)
Table 51. Middle East and Africa 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Investment Opportunities and Key Challenges
Table 52. Middle East and Africa 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) (US$ Million)
Table 53. Ericsson Corporation Information
Table 54. Ericsson Description and Major Businesses
Table 55. Ericsson Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 56. Ericsson Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 57. Ericsson Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 58. Ericsson Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 59. Ericsson Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 60. Ericsson 5G Cellular IoT Gateway SWOT Analysis
Table 61. Ericsson Recent Developments
Table 62. Cisco Corporation Information
Table 63. Cisco Description and Major Businesses
Table 64. Cisco Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 65. Cisco Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 66. Cisco Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 67. Cisco Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 68. Cisco Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 69. Cisco 5G Cellular IoT Gateway SWOT Analysis
Table 70. Cisco Recent Developments
Table 71. Moxa Corporation Information
Table 72. Moxa Description and Major Businesses
Table 73. Moxa Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 74. Moxa Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 75. Moxa Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 76. Moxa Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 77. Moxa Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 78. Moxa 5G Cellular IoT Gateway SWOT Analysis
Table 79. Moxa Recent Developments
Table 80. Sierra Wireless Corporation Information
Table 81. Sierra Wireless Description and Major Businesses
Table 82. Sierra Wireless Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 83. Sierra Wireless Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 84. Sierra Wireless Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 85. Sierra Wireless Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 86. Sierra Wireless Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 87. Sierra Wireless 5G Cellular IoT Gateway SWOT Analysis
Table 88. Sierra Wireless Recent Developments
Table 89. Digi International Corporation Information
Table 90. Digi International Description and Major Businesses
Table 91. Digi International Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 92. Digi International Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 93. Digi International Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 94. Digi International Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 95. Digi International Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 96. Digi International 5G Cellular IoT Gateway SWOT Analysis
Table 97. Digi International Recent Developments
Table 98. Teltonika Networks Corporation Information
Table 99. Teltonika Networks Description and Major Businesses
Table 100. Teltonika Networks Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 101. Teltonika Networks Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 102. Teltonika Networks Recent Developments
Table 103. Advantech Corporation Information
Table 104. Advantech Description and Major Businesses
Table 105. Advantech Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 106. Advantech Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 107. Advantech Recent Developments
Table 108. Peplink Corporation Information
Table 109. Peplink Description and Major Businesses
Table 110. Peplink Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 111. Peplink Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 112. Peplink Recent Developments
Table 113. MultiTech Corporation Information
Table 114. MultiTech Description and Major Businesses
Table 115. MultiTech Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 116. MultiTech Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 117. MultiTech Recent Developments
Table 118. Systech Corporation Information
Table 119. Systech Description and Major Businesses
Table 120. Systech Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 121. Systech Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 122. Systech Recent Developments
Table 123. Casa Systems Corporation Information
Table 124. Casa Systems Description and Major Businesses
Table 125. Casa Systems Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 126. Casa Systems Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 127. Casa Systems Recent Developments
Table 128. Lantronix Corporation Information
Table 129. Lantronix Description and Major Businesses
Table 130. Lantronix Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 131. Lantronix Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 132. Lantronix Recent Developments
Table 133. Robustel Corporation Information
Table 134. Robustel Description and Major Businesses
Table 135. Robustel Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 136. Robustel Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 137. Robustel Recent Developments
Table 138. Hongdian Corporation Information
Table 139. Hongdian Description and Major Businesses
Table 140. Hongdian Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 141. Hongdian Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 142. Hongdian Recent Developments
Table 143. InHand Networks Corporation Information
Table 144. InHand Networks Description and Major Businesses
Table 145. InHand Networks Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 146. InHand Networks Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 147. InHand Networks Recent Developments
Table 148. Westermo Corporation Information
Table 149. Westermo Description and Major Businesses
Table 150. Westermo Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 151. Westermo Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 152. Westermo Recent Developments
Table 153. HMS Networks Corporation Information
Table 154. HMS Networks Description and Major Businesses
Table 155. HMS Networks Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 156. HMS Networks Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 157. HMS Networks Recent Developments
Table 158. Matrix Electrónica Corporation Information
Table 159. Matrix Electrónica Description and Major Businesses
Table 160. Matrix Electrónica Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 161. Matrix Electrónica Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 162. Matrix Electrónica Recent Developments
Table 163. Netmodule Corporation Information
Table 164. Netmodule Description and Major Businesses
Table 165. Netmodule Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 166. Netmodule Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 167. Netmodule Recent Developments
Table 168. Zhejiang Dusun Electron Corporation Information
Table 169. Zhejiang Dusun Electron Description and Major Businesses
Table 170. Zhejiang Dusun Electron Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 171. Zhejiang Dusun Electron Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 172. Zhejiang Dusun Electron Recent Developments
Table 173. Key Raw Materials Distribution
Table 174. Raw Materials Key Suppliers
Table 175. Critical Raw Material Supplier Concentration (2024) & Risk Index
Table 176. Milestones in Production Technology Evolution
Table 177. Distributors List
Table 178. Market Trends and Market Evolution
Table 179. Market Drivers and Opportunities
Table 180. Market Challenges, Risks, and Restraints
Table 181. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 182. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 183. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
List of Figures
Figure 1. 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Product Picture
Figure 2. Global 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 3. Consumer IoT Gateways Product Picture
Figure 4. Enterprise-grade IoT Gateways Product Picture
Figure 5. Global 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 6. Consumer Electronics
Figure 7. Medical
Figure 8. Automotive and Transportation
Figure 9. Building Automation
Figure 10. Industrial Field
Figure 11. Other
Figure 12. 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Report Years Considered
Figure 13. Global 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Revenue, (US$ Million), 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 14. Global 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 15. Global 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Revenue (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 16. Global 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Revenue Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 17. Global 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Sales (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 18. Global 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Sales (CAGR) by Region (2020-2031) (K Units)
Figure 19. Global 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Sales Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 20. Global 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Capacity, Production and Utilization (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 21. Global 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Production Trend by Region (2020-2031) (K Units)
Figure 22. Global 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Production Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 23. Production Capacity Enablers & Constraints
Figure 24. 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Production Growth Rate in North America (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 25. 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Production Growth Rate in Europe (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 26. 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Production Growth Rate in China (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 27. 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Production Growth Rate in Japan (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 28. Top 5 and Top 10 Manufacturers 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Sales Volume Market Share in 2024
Figure 29. Global 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Revenue Market Share Ranking (2024)
Figure 30. Tier Distribution by Revenue Contribution (2020 VS 2024)
Figure 31. Consumer IoT Gateways Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 32. Enterprise-grade IoT Gateways Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 33. Type Eight Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 34. Type Nine Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 35. Global 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Sales Market Share by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 36. Global 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Revenue Market Share by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 37. Global 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Sales Market Share by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 38. Global 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Revenue Market Share by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 39. North America 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 40. North America 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 41. North America Top 5 Manufacturers 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 42. North America 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Sales Volume (K Units) by Type (2020- 2031)
Figure 43. North America 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020 - 2031)
Figure 44. North America 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Sales Volume (K Units) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 45. North America 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 46. US 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 47. Canada 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 48. Mexico 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 49. Europe 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 50. Europe 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 51. Europe Top 5 Manufacturers 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 52. Europe 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Sales Volume (K Units) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 53. Europe 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 54. Europe 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Sales Volume (K Units) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 55. Europe 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 56. Germany 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 57. France 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 58. U.K. 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 59. Italy 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 60. Russia 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 61. Asia-Pacific 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 62. Asia-Pacific 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 63. Asia-Pacific Top 8 Manufacturers 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 64. Asia-Pacific 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Sales Volume (K Units) by Type (2020- 2031)
Figure 65. Asia-Pacific 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020- 2031)
Figure 66. Asia-Pacific 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Sales Volume (K Units) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 67. Asia-Pacific 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 68. Indonesia 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 69. Japan 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 70. South Korea 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 71. China Taiwan 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 72. India 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 73. Central and South America 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 74. Central and South America 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 75. Central and South America Top 5 Manufacturers 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 76. Central and South America 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Sales Volume (K Units) by Type (2021-2031)
Figure 77. Central and South America 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 78. Central and South America 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Sales Volume (K Units) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 79. Central and South America 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 80. Brazil 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 81. Argentina 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 82. Middle East, and Africa 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 83. Middle East and Africa 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 84. Middle East and Africa Top 5 Manufacturers 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 85. Middle East and Africa 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Sales Volume (K Units) by Type (2021-2031)
Figure 86. South America 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 87. Middle East and Africa 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Sales Volume (K Units) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 88. Middle East and Africa 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 89. GCC Countries 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 90. Turkey 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 91. Egypt 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 92. South Africa 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 93. 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Industry Chain Mapping
Figure 94. Regional 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Manufacturing Base Distribution (%)
Figure 95. 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Production Process
Figure 96. Regional 5G Cellular IoT Gateway Production Cost Structure
Figure 97. Channels of Distribution (Direct Vs Distribution)
Figure 98. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 99. Data Triangulation
Figure 100. Key Executives Interviewed