List of Tables
Table 1. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Market Value by Type, (US$ Million) & (2023 VS 2030)
Table 2. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Market Value by Application, (US$ Million) & (2023 VS 2030)
Table 3. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production Capacity (K Units) by Manufacturers in 2023
Table 4. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production by Manufacturers (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 5. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
Table 6. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production Value by Manufacturers (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 7. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production Value Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
Table 8. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Industry Ranking 2022 VS 2023 VS 2024
Table 9. Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder as of 2023)
Table 10. Global Market Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Average Price by Manufacturers (US$/Unit) & (2019-2024)
Table 11. Manufacturers Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production Sites and Area Served
Table 12. Manufacturers Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Product Types
Table 13. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 14. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
Table 15. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production Value by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Table 16. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production Value (US$ Million) by Region (2019-2024)
Table 17. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production Value Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table 18. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production Value (US$ Million) Forecast by Region (2025-2030)
Table 19. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production Value Market Share Forecast by Region (2025-2030)
Table 20. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production Comparison by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (K Units)
Table 21. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production (K Units) by Region (2019-2024)
Table 22. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table 23. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production (K Units) Forecast by Region (2025-2030)
Table 24. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production Market Share Forecast by Region (2025-2030)
Table 25. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Market Average Price (US$/Unit) by Region (2019-2024)
Table 26. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Market Average Price (US$/Unit) by Region (2025-2030)
Table 27. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (K Units)
Table 28. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Consumption by Region (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 29. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Consumption Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table 30. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Forecasted Consumption by Region (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 31. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Forecasted Consumption Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table 32. North America Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (K Units)
Table 33. North America Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Consumption by Country (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 34. North America Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Consumption by Country (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 35. Europe Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (K Units)
Table 36. Europe Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Consumption by Country (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 37. Europe Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Consumption by Country (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 38. Asia Pacific Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (K Units)
Table 39. Asia Pacific Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Consumption by Region (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 40. Asia Pacific Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Consumption by Region (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 41. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (K Units)
Table 42. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Consumption by Country (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 43. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Consumption by Country (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 44. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production (K Units) by Type (2019-2024)
Table 45. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production (K Units) by Type (2025-2030)
Table 46. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production Market Share by Type (2019-2024)
Table 47. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production Market Share by Type (2025-2030)
Table 48. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production Value (US$ Million) by Type (2019-2024)
Table 49. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production Value (US$ Million) by Type (2025-2030)
Table 50. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production Value Share by Type (2019-2024)
Table 51. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production Value Share by Type (2025-2030)
Table 52. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Price (US$/Unit) by Type (2019-2024)
Table 53. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Price (US$/Unit) by Type (2025-2030)
Table 54. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production (K Units) by Application (2019-2024)
Table 55. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production (K Units) by Application (2025-2030)
Table 56. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production Market Share by Application (2019-2024)
Table 57. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production Market Share by Application (2025-2030)
Table 58. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production Value (US$ Million) by Application (2019-2024)
Table 59. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production Value (US$ Million) by Application (2025-2030)
Table 60. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production Value Share by Application (2019-2024)
Table 61. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production Value Share by Application (2025-2030)
Table 62. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Price (US$/Unit) by Application (2019-2024)
Table 63. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Price (US$/Unit) by Application (2025-2030)
Table 64. Toyota Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Corporation Information
Table 65. Toyota Specification and Application
Table 66. Toyota Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 67. Toyota Main Business and Markets Served
Table 68. Toyota Recent Developments/Updates
Table 69. Faurecia Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Corporation Information
Table 70. Faurecia Specification and Application
Table 71. Faurecia Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 72. Faurecia Main Business and Markets Served
Table 73. Faurecia Recent Developments/Updates
Table 74. CLD Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Corporation Information
Table 75. CLD Specification and Application
Table 76. CLD Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 77. CLD Main Business and Markets Served
Table 78. CLD Recent Developments/Updates
Table 79. Faber Industrie S.P.A. Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Corporation Information
Table 80. Faber Industrie S.P.A. Specification and Application
Table 81. Faber Industrie S.P.A. Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 82. Faber Industrie S.P.A. Main Business and Markets Served
Table 83. Faber Industrie S.P.A. Recent Developments/Updates
Table 84. Luxfer Group Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Corporation Information
Table 85. Luxfer Group Specification and Application
Table 86. Luxfer Group Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 87. Luxfer Group Main Business and Markets Served
Table 88. Luxfer Group Recent Developments/Updates
Table 89. Quantum Fuel Systems Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Corporation Information
Table 90. Quantum Fuel Systems Specification and Application
Table 91. Quantum Fuel Systems Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 92. Quantum Fuel Systems Main Business and Markets Served
Table 93. Quantum Fuel Systems Recent Developments/Updates
Table 94. Hexagon Composites ASA Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Corporation Information
Table 95. Hexagon Composites ASA Specification and Application
Table 96. Hexagon Composites ASA Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 97. Hexagon Composites ASA Main Business and Markets Served
Table 98. Hexagon Composites ASA Recent Developments/Updates
Table 99. NPROXX Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Corporation Information
Table 100. NPROXX Specification and Application
Table 101. NPROXX Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 102. NPROXX Main Business and Markets Served
Table 103. NPROXX Recent Developments/Updates
Table 104. Worthington Industries, Inc. Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Corporation Information
Table 105. Worthington Industries, Inc. Specification and Application
Table 106. Worthington Industries, Inc. Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 107. Worthington Industries, Inc. Main Business and Markets Served
Table 108. Worthington Industries, Inc. Recent Developments/Updates
Table 109. Zhangjiagang Furui Hydrogen Power Equipment Co., Ltd. Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Corporation Information
Table 110. Zhangjiagang Furui Hydrogen Power Equipment Co., Ltd. Specification and Application
Table 111. Zhangjiagang Furui Hydrogen Power Equipment Co., Ltd. Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 112. Zhangjiagang Furui Hydrogen Power Equipment Co., Ltd. Main Business and Markets Served
Table 113. Zhangjiagang Furui Hydrogen Power Equipment Co., Ltd. Recent Developments/Updates
Table 114. CTC Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Corporation Information
Table 115. CTC Specification and Application
Table 116. CTC Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 117. CTC Main Business and Markets Served
Table 118. CTC Recent Developments/Updates
Table 119. Iljin Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Corporation Information
Table 120. Iljin Specification and Application
Table 121. Iljin Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 122. Iljin Main Business and Markets Served
Table 123. Iljin Recent Developments/Updates
Table 124. Beijing Tianhai Industry Co., Ltd. Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Corporation Information
Table 125. Beijing Tianhai Industry Co., Ltd. Specification and Application
Table 126. Beijing Tianhai Industry Co., Ltd. Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 127. Beijing Tianhai Industry Co., Ltd. Main Business and Markets Served
Table 128. Beijing Tianhai Industry Co., Ltd. Recent Developments/Updates
Table 129. Sinoma Science & Technology Co., Ltd. Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Corporation Information
Table 130. Sinoma Science & Technology Co., Ltd. Specification and Application
Table 131. Sinoma Science & Technology Co., Ltd. Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 132. Sinoma Science & Technology Co., Ltd. Main Business and Markets Served
Table 133. Sinoma Science & Technology Co., Ltd. Recent Developments/Updates
Table 134. Sinoma Science & Technology Co., Ltd. Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Corporation Information
Table 135. Doosan Mobility Innovation Specification and Application
Table 136. Doosan Mobility Innovation Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 137. Doosan Mobility Innovation Main Business and Markets Served
Table 138. Doosan Mobility Innovation Recent Developments/Updates
Table 139. Ullit Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Corporation Information
Table 140. Ullit Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 141. Ullit Main Business and Markets Served
Table 142. Ullit Recent Developments/Updates
Table 143. Avanco Group Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Corporation Information
Table 144. Avanco Group Specification and Application
Table 145. Avanco Group Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 146. Avanco Group Main Business and Markets Served
Table 147. Avanco Group Recent Developments/Updates
Table 148. Key Raw Materials Lists
Table 149. Raw Materials Key Suppliers Lists
Table 150. Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Distributors List
Table 151. Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Customers List
Table 152. Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Market Trends
Table 153. Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Market Drivers
Table 154. Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Market Challenges
Table 155. Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Market Restraints
Table 156. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 157. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 158. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
List of Figures
Figure 1. Product Picture of Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder
Figure 2. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Market Value by Type, (US$ Million) & (2023 VS 2030)
Figure 3. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Market Share by Type: 2023 VS 2030
Figure 4. Natural Gas (CNG) Cylinder Product Picture
Figure 5. Hydrogen Cylinder Product Picture
Figure 6. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Market Value by Application, (US$ Million) & (2023 VS 2030)
Figure 7. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Market Share by Application: 2023 VS 2030
Figure 8. Industrials
Figure 9. Automotive
Figure 10. Others
Figure 11. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production Value (US$ Million), 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
Figure 12. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production Value (US$ Million) & (2019-2030)
Figure 13. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production (K Units) & (2019-2030)
Figure 14. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Average Price (US$/Unit) & (2019-2030)
Figure 15. Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Report Years Considered
Figure 16. Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production Share by Manufacturers in 2023
Figure 17. Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3): 2019 VS 2023
Figure 18. The Global 5 and 10 Largest Players: Market Share by Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Revenue in 2023
Figure 19. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production Value by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Figure 20. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production Value Market Share by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
Figure 21. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production Comparison by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (K Units)
Figure 22. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production Market Share by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
Figure 23. North America Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2019-2030)
Figure 24. Europe Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2019-2030)
Figure 25. China Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2019-2030)
Figure 26. Japan Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2019-2030)
Figure 27. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Consumption by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (K Units)
Figure 28. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Consumption Market Share by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
Figure 29. North America Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 30. North America Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Consumption Market Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure 31. Canada Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 32. U.S. Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 33. Europe Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 34. Europe Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Consumption Market Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure 35. Germany Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 36. France Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 37. U.K. Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 38. Italy Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 39. Russia Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 40. Asia Pacific Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 41. Asia Pacific Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Consumption Market Share by Regions (2019-2030)
Figure 42. China Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 43. Japan Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 44. South Korea Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 45. China Taiwan Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 46. Southeast Asia Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 47. India Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 48. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 49. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Consumption Market Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure 50. Mexico Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 51. Brazil Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 52. Turkey Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 53. GCC Countries Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 54. Global Production Market Share of Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 55. Global Production Value Market Share of Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 56. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Price (US$/Unit) by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 57. Global Production Market Share of Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 58. Global Production Value Market Share of Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 59. Global Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Price (US$/Unit) by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 60. Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Value Chain
Figure 61. Alternative Fuel (AF) Containment Composite Cylinder Production Process
Figure 62. Channels of Distribution (Direct Vs Distribution)
Figure 63. Distributors Profiles
Figure 64. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 65. Data Triangulation