List of Tables
Table 1. Global Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 2. Global Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 3. Global Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 4. Global Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Revenue by Region (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 5. Global Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Revenue by Region (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 6. Global Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Sales Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Table 7. Global Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Sales by Region (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 8. Global Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Sales by Region (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 9. Emerging Market Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) (US$ Million)
Table 10. Global Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Production Growth Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Table 11. Global Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Production by Region (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 12. Global Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Production by Region (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 13. Global Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Sales by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 14. Global Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Sales Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 15. Global Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Revenue by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 16. Global Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 17. Global Key Manufacturers’Ranking Shift (2023 vs. 2024) (Based on Revenue)
Table 18. Global Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders by Manufacturer Tier (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders as of 2024)
Table 19. Global Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Average Gross Margin (%) by Manufacturer (2020 VS 2024)
Table 20. Global Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Average Selling Price (ASP) by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (US$/Unit)
Table 21. Key Manufacturers Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Manufacturing Base and Headquarters
Table 22. Global Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 23. Key Market Entrant/Exit (2020-2024) – Drivers & Impact Analysis
Table 24. Key Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans, R&D Investment
Table 25. Global Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Sales by Type (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 26. Global Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Sales by Type (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 27. Global Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Revenue by Type (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 28. Global Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Revenue by Type (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 29. Global Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders ASP by Type (2020-2031) & (US$/Unit)
Table 30. Technical Specifications by Key Product Type
Table 31. Global Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Sales by Application (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 32. Global Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Sales by Application (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 33. Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders High-Growth Sectors Demand CAGR (2024-2031)
Table 34. Global Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Revenue by Application (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 35. Global Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Revenue by Application (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 36. Global Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders ASP by Application (2020-2031) & (US$/Unit)
Table 37. Top Customers by Region
Table 38. Top Customers by Application
Table 39. North America Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Growth Accelerators and Market Barriers
Table 40. North America Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) (US$ Million)
Table 41. North America Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Sales (K Units) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
Table 42. Europe Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Growth Accelerators and Market Barriers
Table 43. Europe Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 44. Europe Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Sales (K Units) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
Table 45. Asia-Pacific Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 46. Asia-Pacific Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Sales (K Units) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
Table 47. Asia-Pacific Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Growth Accelerators and Market Barriers
Table 48. Southeast Asia Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 49. Central and South America Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Investment Opportunities and Key Challenges
Table 50. Central and South America Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) (US$ Million)
Table 51. Middle East and Africa Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Investment Opportunities and Key Challenges
Table 52. Middle East and Africa Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) (US$ Million)
Table 53. SMC Corporation Information
Table 54. SMC Description and Major Businesses
Table 55. SMC Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 56. SMC Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 57. SMC Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 58. SMC Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 59. SMC Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 60. SMC Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders SWOT Analysis
Table 61. SMC Recent Developments
Table 62. Metalwork Corporation Information
Table 63. Metalwork Description and Major Businesses
Table 64. Metalwork Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 65. Metalwork Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 66. Metalwork Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 67. Metalwork Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 68. Metalwork Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 69. Metalwork Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders SWOT Analysis
Table 70. Metalwork Recent Developments
Table 71. PROTEC Corporation Information
Table 72. PROTEC Description and Major Businesses
Table 73. PROTEC Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 74. PROTEC Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 75. PROTEC Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 76. PROTEC Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 77. PROTEC Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 78. PROTEC Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders SWOT Analysis
Table 79. PROTEC Recent Developments
Table 80. Greenco/Duramaster Corporation Information
Table 81. Greenco/Duramaster Description and Major Businesses
Table 82. Greenco/Duramaster Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 83. Greenco/Duramaster Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 84. Greenco/Duramaster Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 85. Greenco/Duramaster Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 86. Greenco/Duramaster Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 87. Greenco/Duramaster Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders SWOT Analysis
Table 88. Greenco/Duramaster Recent Developments
Table 89. Airtec Pneumatic GmbH Corporation Information
Table 90. Airtec Pneumatic GmbH Description and Major Businesses
Table 91. Airtec Pneumatic GmbH Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 92. Airtec Pneumatic GmbH Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 93. Airtec Pneumatic GmbH Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 94. Airtec Pneumatic GmbH Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 95. Airtec Pneumatic GmbH Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 96. Airtec Pneumatic GmbH Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders SWOT Analysis
Table 97. Airtec Pneumatic GmbH Recent Developments
Table 98. Numatic Engineering Corporation Information
Table 99. Numatic Engineering Description and Major Businesses
Table 100. Numatic Engineering Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 101. Numatic Engineering Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 102. Numatic Engineering Recent Developments
Table 103. Bimba Corporation Information
Table 104. Bimba Description and Major Businesses
Table 105. Bimba Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 106. Bimba Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 107. Bimba Recent Developments
Table 108. Delton Pneumatics Corporation Information
Table 109. Delton Pneumatics Description and Major Businesses
Table 110. Delton Pneumatics Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 111. Delton Pneumatics Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 112. Delton Pneumatics Recent Developments
Table 113. Pneumax Spa Corporation Information
Table 114. Pneumax Spa Description and Major Businesses
Table 115. Pneumax Spa Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 116. Pneumax Spa Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 117. Pneumax Spa Recent Developments
Table 118. Aventics Corporation Information
Table 119. Aventics Description and Major Businesses
Table 120. Aventics Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 121. Aventics Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 122. Aventics Recent Developments
Table 123. Lanamatic Corporation Information
Table 124. Lanamatic Description and Major Businesses
Table 125. Lanamatic Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 126. Lanamatic Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 127. Lanamatic Recent Developments
Table 128. Univer Group Corporation Information
Table 129. Univer Group Description and Major Businesses
Table 130. Univer Group Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 131. Univer Group Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 132. Univer Group Recent Developments
Table 133. Airtac Automatic Industrial Corporation Information
Table 134. Airtac Automatic Industrial Description and Major Businesses
Table 135. Airtac Automatic Industrial Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 136. Airtac Automatic Industrial Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 137. Airtac Automatic Industrial Recent Developments
Table 138. Parker Corporation Information
Table 139. Parker Description and Major Businesses
Table 140. Parker Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 141. Parker Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 142. Parker Recent Developments
Table 143. Key Raw Materials Distribution
Table 144. Raw Materials Key Suppliers
Table 145. Critical Raw Material Supplier Concentration (2024) & Risk Index
Table 146. Milestones in Production Technology Evolution
Table 147. Distributors List
Table 148. Market Trends and Market Evolution
Table 149. Market Drivers and Opportunities
Table 150. Market Challenges, Risks, and Restraints
Table 151. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 152. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 153. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
List of Figures
Figure 1. Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Product Picture
Figure 2. Global Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 3. Mechanically Jointed Rodless Cylinder Product Picture
Figure 4. Magnetically Coupled Rodless Cylinders Product Picture
Figure 5. Others Product Picture
Figure 6. Global Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 7. Packaging
Figure 8. Machinery
Figure 9. Material Transfer
Figure 10. Electronics Manufacturing
Figure 11. Others
Figure 12. Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Report Years Considered
Figure 13. Global Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Revenue, (US$ Million), 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 14. Global Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 15. Global Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Revenue (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 16. Global Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Revenue Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 17. Global Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Sales (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 18. Global Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Sales (CAGR) by Region (2020-2031) (K Units)
Figure 19. Global Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Sales Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 20. Global Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Capacity, Production and Utilization (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 21. Global Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Production Trend by Region (2020-2031) (K Units)
Figure 22. Global Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Production Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 23. Production Capacity Enablers & Constraints
Figure 24. Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Production Growth Rate in North America (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 25. Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Production Growth Rate in Europe (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 26. Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Production Growth Rate in China (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 27. Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Production Growth Rate in Japan (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 28. Top 5 and Top 10 Manufacturers Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Sales Volume Market Share in 2024
Figure 29. Global Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Revenue Market Share Ranking (2024)
Figure 30. Tier Distribution by Revenue Contribution (2020 VS 2024)
Figure 31. Mechanically Jointed Rodless Cylinder Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 32. Magnetically Coupled Rodless Cylinders Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 33. Others Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 34. Type Eight Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 35. Type Nine Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 36. Global Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Sales Market Share by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 37. Global Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Revenue Market Share by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 38. Global Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Sales Market Share by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 39. Global Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Revenue Market Share by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 40. North America Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 41. North America Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 42. North America Top 5 Manufacturers Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 43. North America Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Sales Volume (K Units) by Type (2020- 2031)
Figure 44. North America Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020 - 2031)
Figure 45. North America Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Sales Volume (K Units) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 46. North America Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 47. US Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 48. Canada Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 49. Mexico Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 50. Europe Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 51. Europe Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 52. Europe Top 5 Manufacturers Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 53. Europe Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Sales Volume (K Units) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 54. Europe Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 55. Europe Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Sales Volume (K Units) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 56. Europe Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 57. Germany Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 58. France Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 59. U.K. Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 60. Italy Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 61. Russia Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 62. Asia-Pacific Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 63. Asia-Pacific Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 64. Asia-Pacific Top 8 Manufacturers Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 65. Asia-Pacific Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Sales Volume (K Units) by Type (2020- 2031)
Figure 66. Asia-Pacific Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020- 2031)
Figure 67. Asia-Pacific Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Sales Volume (K Units) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 68. Asia-Pacific Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 69. Indonesia Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 70. Japan Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 71. South Korea Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 72. China Taiwan Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 73. India Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 74. Central and South America Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 75. Central and South America Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 76. Central and South America Top 5 Manufacturers Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 77. Central and South America Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Sales Volume (K Units) by Type (2021-2031)
Figure 78. Central and South America Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 79. Central and South America Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Sales Volume (K Units) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 80. Central and South America Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 81. Brazil Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 82. Argentina Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 83. Middle East, and Africa Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 84. Middle East and Africa Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 85. Middle East and Africa Top 5 Manufacturers Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 86. Middle East and Africa Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Sales Volume (K Units) by Type (2021-2031)
Figure 87. South America Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 88. Middle East and Africa Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Sales Volume (K Units) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 89. Middle East and Africa Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 90. GCC Countries Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 91. Turkey Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 92. Egypt Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 93. South Africa Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 94. Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Industry Chain Mapping
Figure 95. Regional Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Manufacturing Base Distribution (%)
Figure 96. Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Production Process
Figure 97. Regional Pneumatic Equipment Rodless Cylinders Production Cost Structure
Figure 98. Channels of Distribution (Direct Vs Distribution)
Figure 99. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 100. Data Triangulation
Figure 101. Key Executives Interviewed
