List of Tables
Table 1. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Market Value by Type (US$ Million), 2025 vs 2032
Table 2. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Market Value by Application (US$ Million), 2025 vs 2032
Table 3. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production Capacity (K Units) by Manufacturers in 2025
Table 4. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production by Manufacturers (K Units), 2021–2026
Table 5. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2021–2026)
Table 6. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production Value by Manufacturers (US$ Million), 2021–2026
Table 7. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production Value Share by Manufacturers (2021–2026)
Table 8. Global Key Players of Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing, Industry Ranking, 2024 vs 2025
Table 9. Classification of Companies by Tier (Tier 1, Tier 2, Tier 3), based on Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production Value, 2025
Table 10. Global Market Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Average Price by Manufacturers (US$/Unit), 2021–2026
Table 11. Global Key Manufacturers of Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing, Manufacturing Footprints and Headquarters
Table 12. Global Key Manufacturers of Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing, Product Offerings and Applications
Table 13. Global Key Manufacturers of Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing, Date of Entry into the Industry
Table 14. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 15. Mergers & Acquisitions and Expansion Plans
Table 16. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production Value by Region: 2021 vs 2025 vs 2032 (US$ Million)
Table 17. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production Value (US$ Million) by Region (2021–2026)
Table 18. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production Value Market Share by Region (2021–2026)
Table 19. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production Value (US$ Million) Forecast by Region (2027–2032)
Table 20. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production Value Market Share Forecast by Region (2027–2032)
Table 21. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production Comparison by Region: 2021 vs 2025 vs 2032 (K Units)
Table 22. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production (K Units) by Region (2021–2026)
Table 23. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production Market Share by Region (2021–2026)
Table 24. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production (K Units) Forecast by Region (2027–2032)
Table 25. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production Market Share Forecast by Region (2027–2032)
Table 26. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Market Average Price (US$/Unit) by Region (2021–2026)
Table 27. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Market Average Price (US$/Unit) by Region (2027–2032)
Table 28. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2021 vs 2025 vs 2032 (K Units)
Table 29. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Consumption by Region (K Units), 2021–2026
Table 30. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Consumption Market Share by Region (2021–2026)
Table 31. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Forecasted Consumption by Region (K Units), 2027–2032
Table 32. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Forecasted Consumption Market Share by Region (2027–2032)
Table 33. North America Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2021 vs 2025 vs 2032 (K Units)
Table 34. North America Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Consumption by Country (K Units), 2021–2026
Table 35. North America Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Consumption by Country (K Units), 2027–2032
Table 36. Europe Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2021 vs 2025 vs 2032 (K Units)
Table 37. Europe Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Consumption by Country (K Units), 2021–2026
Table 38. Europe Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Consumption by Country (K Units), 2027–2032
Table 39. Asia Pacific Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2021 vs 2025 vs 2032 (K Units)
Table 40. Asia Pacific Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Consumption by Region (K Units), 2021–2026
Table 41. Asia Pacific Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Consumption by Region (K Units), 2027–2032
Table 42. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2021 vs 2025 vs 2032 (K Units)
Table 43. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Consumption by Country (K Units), 2021–2026
Table 44. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Consumption by Country (K Units), 2027–2032
Table 45. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production (K Units) by Type (2021–2026)
Table 46. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production (K Units) by Type (2027–2032)
Table 47. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production Market Share by Type (2021–2026)
Table 48. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production Market Share by Type (2027–2032)
Table 49. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production Value (US$ Million) by Type (2021–2026)
Table 50. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production Value (US$ Million) by Type (2027–2032)
Table 51. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production Value Market Share by Type (2021–2026)
Table 52. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production Value Market Share by Type (2027–2032)
Table 53. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Price (US$/Unit) by Type (2021–2026)
Table 54. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Price (US$/Unit) by Type (2027–2032)
Table 55. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production (K Units) by Application (2021–2026)
Table 56. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production (K Units) by Application (2027–2032)
Table 57. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production Market Share by Application (2021–2026)
Table 58. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production Market Share by Application (2027–2032)
Table 59. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production Value (US$ Million) by Application (2021–2026)
Table 60. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production Value (US$ Million) by Application (2027–2032)
Table 61. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production Value Market Share by Application (2021–2026)
Table 62. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production Value Market Share by Application (2027–2032)
Table 63. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Price (US$/Unit) by Application (2021–2026)
Table 64. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Price (US$/Unit) by Application (2027–2032)
Table 65. Fireaway Inc. Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Company Information
Table 66. Fireaway Inc. Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Specification and Application
Table 67. Fireaway Inc. Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021–2026)
Table 68. Fireaway Inc. Main Business and Markets Served
Table 69. Fireaway Inc. Recent Developments/Updates
Table 70. AVD Fire Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Company Information
Table 71. AVD Fire Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Specification and Application
Table 72. AVD Fire Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021–2026)
Table 73. AVD Fire Main Business and Markets Served
Table 74. AVD Fire Recent Developments/Updates
Table 75. YG Fire Safety Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Company Information
Table 76. YG Fire Safety Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Specification and Application
Table 77. YG Fire Safety Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021–2026)
Table 78. YG Fire Safety Main Business and Markets Served
Table 79. YG Fire Safety Recent Developments/Updates
Table 80. DSH Fire Systems Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Company Information
Table 81. DSH Fire Systems Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Specification and Application
Table 82. DSH Fire Systems Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021–2026)
Table 83. DSH Fire Systems Main Business and Markets Served
Table 84. DSH Fire Systems Recent Developments/Updates
Table 85. PYRO ENGINEERING Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Company Information
Table 86. PYRO ENGINEERING Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Specification and Application
Table 87. PYRO ENGINEERING Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021–2026)
Table 88. PYRO ENGINEERING Main Business and Markets Served
Table 89. PYRO ENGINEERING Recent Developments/Updates
Table 90. ANAF S.p.A. Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Company Information
Table 91. ANAF S.p.A. Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Specification and Application
Table 92. ANAF S.p.A. Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021–2026)
Table 93. ANAF S.p.A. Main Business and Markets Served
Table 94. ANAF S.p.A. Recent Developments/Updates
Table 95. Mobiak Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Company Information
Table 96. Mobiak Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Specification and Application
Table 97. Mobiak Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021–2026)
Table 98. Mobiak Main Business and Markets Served
Table 99. Mobiak Recent Developments/Updates
Table 100. Hubei JiAnDun Fire Technology Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Company Information
Table 101. Hubei JiAnDun Fire Technology Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Specification and Application
Table 102. Hubei JiAnDun Fire Technology Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021–2026)
Table 103. Hubei JiAnDun Fire Technology Main Business and Markets Served
Table 104. Hubei JiAnDun Fire Technology Recent Developments/Updates
Table 105. Jiangxi Zhiyuan Fire Technology Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Company Information
Table 106. Jiangxi Zhiyuan Fire Technology Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Specification and Application
Table 107. Jiangxi Zhiyuan Fire Technology Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021–2026)
Table 108. Jiangxi Zhiyuan Fire Technology Main Business and Markets Served
Table 109. Jiangxi Zhiyuan Fire Technology Recent Developments/Updates
Table 110. Shenzhen Lianzhongan Fire Protection Technology Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Company Information
Table 111. Shenzhen Lianzhongan Fire Protection Technology Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Specification and Application
Table 112. Shenzhen Lianzhongan Fire Protection Technology Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021–2026)
Table 113. Shenzhen Lianzhongan Fire Protection Technology Main Business and Markets Served
Table 114. Shenzhen Lianzhongan Fire Protection Technology Recent Developments/Updates
Table 115. Jiangxi Tsinghua Industrial Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Company Information
Table 116. Jiangxi Tsinghua Industrial Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Specification and Application
Table 117. Jiangxi Tsinghua Industrial Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021–2026)
Table 118. Jiangxi Tsinghua Industrial Main Business and Markets Served
Table 119. Jiangxi Tsinghua Industrial Recent Developments/Updates
Table 120. Jiang Xi Aeridragon Fire Safety Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Company Information
Table 121. Jiang Xi Aeridragon Fire Safety Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Specification and Application
Table 122. Jiang Xi Aeridragon Fire Safety Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021–2026)
Table 123. Jiang Xi Aeridragon Fire Safety Main Business and Markets Served
Table 124. Jiang Xi Aeridragon Fire Safety Recent Developments/Updates
Table 125. Jiangxi JA Fire Fighting Technology Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Company Information
Table 126. Jiangxi JA Fire Fighting Technology Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Specification and Application
Table 127. Jiangxi JA Fire Fighting Technology Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021–2026)
Table 128. Jiangxi JA Fire Fighting Technology Main Business and Markets Served
Table 129. Jiangxi JA Fire Fighting Technology Recent Developments/Updates
Table 130. Jiangxi Xuan Fire Fighting Equipment Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Company Information
Table 131. Jiangxi Xuan Fire Fighting Equipment Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Specification and Application
Table 132. Jiangxi Xuan Fire Fighting Equipment Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021–2026)
Table 133. Jiangxi Xuan Fire Fighting Equipment Main Business and Markets Served
Table 134. Jiangxi Xuan Fire Fighting Equipment Recent Developments/Updates
Table 135. Guangdong Shengjie Fire Technology Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Company Information
Table 136. Guangdong Shengjie Fire Technology Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Specification and Application
Table 137. Guangdong Shengjie Fire Technology Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021–2026)
Table 138. Guangdong Shengjie Fire Technology Main Business and Markets Served
Table 139. Guangdong Shengjie Fire Technology Recent Developments/Updates
Table 140. Shanxi Zhuyinxi Intelligent Technology Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Company Information
Table 141. Shanxi Zhuyinxi Intelligent Technology Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Specification and Application
Table 142. Shanxi Zhuyinxi Intelligent Technology Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021–2026)
Table 143. Shanxi Zhuyinxi Intelligent Technology Main Business and Markets Served
Table 144. Shanxi Zhuyinxi Intelligent Technology Recent Developments/Updates
Table 145. Ningbo Yongshi Fire Fighting Equipment Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Company Information
Table 146. Ningbo Yongshi Fire Fighting Equipment Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Specification and Application
Table 147. Ningbo Yongshi Fire Fighting Equipment Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021–2026)
Table 148. Ningbo Yongshi Fire Fighting Equipment Main Business and Markets Served
Table 149. Ningbo Yongshi Fire Fighting Equipment Recent Developments/Updates
Table 150. Key Raw Materials Lists
Table 151. Raw Materials Key Suppliers Lists
Table 152. Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Distributors List
Table 153. Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Customers List
Table 154. Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Market Trends
Table 155. Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Market Drivers
Table 156. Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Market Challenges
Table 157. Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Market Restraints
Table 158. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 159. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 160. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
Table 161. Authors List of This Report
List of Figures
Figure 1. Product Picture of Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing
Figure 2. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Market Value by Type (US$ Million), 2021–2032
Figure 3. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Market Share by Type: 2025 vs 2032
Figure 4. K-Type Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Product Picture
Figure 5. S-Type Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Product Picture
Figure 6. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Market Value by Application (US$ Million), 2021–2032
Figure 7. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Market Share by Application: 2025 vs 2032
Figure 8. Construction Industry
Figure 9. Communication Industry
Figure 10. Electricity Industry
Figure 11. Metallurgical Industry
Figure 12. Petrochemical Industry
Figure 13. Transportation Industry
Figure 14. Others
Figure 15. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production Value (US$ Million), 2021 vs 2025 vs 2032
Figure 16. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production Value (US$ Million), 2021–2032
Figure 17. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production Capacity (K Units), 2021–2032
Figure 18. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production (K Units), 2021–2032
Figure 19. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Average Price (US$/Unit), 2021–2032
Figure 20. Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Report Years Considered
Figure 21. Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production Share by Manufacturers in 2025
Figure 22. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production Value Share by Manufacturers (2025)
Figure 23. Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3): 2021 vs 2025
Figure 24. Top 5 and Top 10 Global Players: Market Share by Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Revenue in 2025
Figure 25. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production Value by Region: 2021 vs 2025 vs 2032 (US$ Million)
Figure 26. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production Value Market Share by Region: 2021 vs 2025 vs 2032
Figure 27. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production Comparison by Region: 2021 vs 2025 vs 2032 (K Units)
Figure 28. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production Market Share by Region: 2021 vs 2025 vs 2032
Figure 29. North America Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2021–2032)
Figure 30. Europe Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2021–2032)
Figure 31. China Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2021–2032)
Figure 32. Japan Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2021–2032)
Figure 33. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Consumption by Region: 2021 vs 2025 vs 2032 (K Units)
Figure 34. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Consumption Market Share by Region: 2021 vs 2025 vs 2032
Figure 35. North America Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Consumption and Growth Rate (K Units), 2021–2032
Figure 36. North America Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Consumption Market Share by Country (2021–2032)
Figure 37. U.S. Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Consumption and Growth Rate (K Units), 2021–2032
Figure 38. Canada Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Consumption and Growth Rate (K Units), 2021–2032
Figure 39. Europe Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Consumption and Growth Rate (K Units), 2021–2032
Figure 40. Europe Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Consumption Market Share by Country (2021–2032)
Figure 41. Germany Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Consumption and Growth Rate (K Units), 2021–2032
Figure 42. France Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Consumption and Growth Rate (K Units), 2021–2032
Figure 43. U.K. Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Consumption and Growth Rate (K Units), 2021–2032
Figure 44. Italy Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Consumption and Growth Rate (K Units), 2021–2032
Figure 45. Russia Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Consumption and Growth Rate (K Units), 2021–2032
Figure 46. Asia Pacific Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Consumption and Growth Rate (K Units), 2021–2032
Figure 47. Asia Pacific Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Consumption Market Share by Region (2021–2032)
Figure 48. China Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Consumption and Growth Rate (K Units), 2021–2032
Figure 49. Japan Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Consumption and Growth Rate (K Units), 2021–2032
Figure 50. South Korea Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Consumption and Growth Rate (K Units), 2021–2032
Figure 51. China Taiwan Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Consumption and Growth Rate (K Units), 2021–2032
Figure 52. Southeast Asia Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Consumption and Growth Rate (K Units), 2021–2032
Figure 53. India Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Consumption and Growth Rate (K Units), 2021–2032
Figure 54. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Consumption and Growth Rate (K Units), 2021–2032
Figure 55. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Consumption Market Share by Country (2021–2032)
Figure 56. Mexico Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Consumption and Growth Rate (K Units), 2021–2032
Figure 57. Brazil Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Consumption and Growth Rate (K Units), 2021–2032
Figure 58. Turkey Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Consumption and Growth Rate (K Units), 2021–2032
Figure 59. GCC Countries Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Consumption and Growth Rate (K Units), 2021–2032
Figure 60. Global Production Market Share of Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing by Type (2021–2032)
Figure 61. Global Production Value Market Share of Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing by Type (2021–2032)
Figure 62. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Price (US$/Unit) by Type (2021–2032)
Figure 63. Global Production Market Share of Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing by Application (2021–2032)
Figure 64. Global Production Value Market Share of Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing by Application (2021–2032)
Figure 65. Global Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Price (US$/Unit) by Application (2021–2032)
Figure 66. Suspended Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Value Chain
Figure 67. Channels of Distribution (Direct Vs Distribution)
Figure 68. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 69. Data Triangulation
