List of Tables
Table 1. Global Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 2. Global Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 3. Global Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 4. Global Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Revenue by Region (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 5. Global Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Revenue by Region (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 6. Global Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Sales Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (Units)
Table 7. Global Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Sales by Region (2020-2025) & (Units)
Table 8. Global Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Sales by Region (2026-2031) & (Units)
Table 9. Emerging Market Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) (US$ Million)
Table 10. Global Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Production Growth Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (Units)
Table 11. Global Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Production by Region (2020-2025) & (Units)
Table 12. Global Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Production by Region (2026-2031) & (Units)
Table 13. Global Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Sales by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (Units)
Table 14. Global Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Sales Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 15. Global Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Revenue by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 16. Global Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 17. Global Key Manufacturers’Ranking Shift (2023 vs. 2024) (Based on Revenue)
Table 18. Global Nano Ceramic Sand Mill by Manufacturer Tier (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Nano Ceramic Sand Mill as of 2024)
Table 19. Global Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Average Gross Margin (%) by Manufacturer (2020 VS 2024)
Table 20. Global Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Average Selling Price (ASP) by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (US$/Unit)
Table 21. Key Manufacturers Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Manufacturing Base and Headquarters
Table 22. Global Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 23. Key Market Entrant/Exit (2020-2024) – Drivers & Impact Analysis
Table 24. Key Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans, R&D Investment
Table 25. Global Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Sales by Type (2020-2025) & (Units)
Table 26. Global Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Sales by Type (2026-2031) & (Units)
Table 27. Global Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Revenue by Type (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 28. Global Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Revenue by Type (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 29. Global Nano Ceramic Sand Mill ASP by Type (2020-2031) & (US$/Unit)
Table 30. Technical Specifications by Key Product Type
Table 31. Global Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Sales by Application (2020-2025) & (Units)
Table 32. Global Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Sales by Application (2026-2031) & (Units)
Table 33. Nano Ceramic Sand Mill High-Growth Sectors Demand CAGR (2024-2031)
Table 34. Global Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Revenue by Application (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 35. Global Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Revenue by Application (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 36. Global Nano Ceramic Sand Mill ASP by Application (2020-2031) & (US$/Unit)
Table 37. Top Customers by Region
Table 38. Top Customers by Application
Table 39. North America Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Growth Accelerators and Market Barriers
Table 40. North America Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) (US$ Million)
Table 41. North America Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Sales (Units) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
Table 42. Europe Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Growth Accelerators and Market Barriers
Table 43. Europe Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 44. Europe Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Sales (Units) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
Table 45. Asia-Pacific Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 46. Asia-Pacific Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Sales (Units) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
Table 47. Asia-Pacific Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Growth Accelerators and Market Barriers
Table 48. Southeast Asia Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 49. Central and South America Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Investment Opportunities and Key Challenges
Table 50. Central and South America Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) (US$ Million)
Table 51. Middle East and Africa Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Investment Opportunities and Key Challenges
Table 52. Middle East and Africa Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) (US$ Million)
Table 53. NETZSCH Corporation Information
Table 54. NETZSCH Description and Major Businesses
Table 55. NETZSCH Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 56. NETZSCH Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 57. NETZSCH Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 58. NETZSCH Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 59. NETZSCH Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 60. NETZSCH Nano Ceramic Sand Mill SWOT Analysis
Table 61. NETZSCH Recent Developments
Table 62. Bühler Group Corporation Information
Table 63. Bühler Group Description and Major Businesses
Table 64. Bühler Group Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 65. Bühler Group Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 66. Bühler Group Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 67. Bühler Group Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 68. Bühler Group Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 69. Bühler Group Nano Ceramic Sand Mill SWOT Analysis
Table 70. Bühler Group Recent Developments
Table 71. Puhler Corporation Information
Table 72. Puhler Description and Major Businesses
Table 73. Puhler Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 74. Puhler Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 75. Puhler Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 76. Puhler Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 77. Puhler Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 78. Puhler Nano Ceramic Sand Mill SWOT Analysis
Table 79. Puhler Recent Developments
Table 80. Dongguan Longly Corporation Information
Table 81. Dongguan Longly Description and Major Businesses
Table 82. Dongguan Longly Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 83. Dongguan Longly Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 84. Dongguan Longly Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 85. Dongguan Longly Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 86. Dongguan Longly Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 87. Dongguan Longly Nano Ceramic Sand Mill SWOT Analysis
Table 88. Dongguan Longly Recent Developments
Table 89. INOUE MFG Corporation Information
Table 90. INOUE MFG Description and Major Businesses
Table 91. INOUE MFG Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 92. INOUE MFG Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 93. INOUE MFG Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 94. INOUE MFG Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 95. INOUE MFG Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 96. INOUE MFG Nano Ceramic Sand Mill SWOT Analysis
Table 97. INOUE MFG Recent Developments
Table 98. Dongguan Infor Machinery Corporation Information
Table 99. Dongguan Infor Machinery Description and Major Businesses
Table 100. Dongguan Infor Machinery Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 101. Dongguan Infor Machinery Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 102. Dongguan Infor Machinery Recent Developments
Table 103. Root Group Corporation Information
Table 104. Root Group Description and Major Businesses
Table 105. Root Group Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 106. Root Group Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 107. Root Group Recent Developments
Table 108. HIROSHIMA Corporation Information
Table 109. HIROSHIMA Description and Major Businesses
Table 110. HIROSHIMA Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 111. HIROSHIMA Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 112. HIROSHIMA Recent Developments
Table 113. VMA‐Getzmann GmbH Corporation Information
Table 114. VMA‐Getzmann GmbH Description and Major Businesses
Table 115. VMA‐Getzmann GmbH Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 116. VMA‐Getzmann GmbH Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 117. VMA‐Getzmann GmbH Recent Developments
Table 118. Willy A. Bachofen Corporation Information
Table 119. Willy A. Bachofen Description and Major Businesses
Table 120. Willy A. Bachofen Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 121. Willy A. Bachofen Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 122. Willy A. Bachofen Recent Developments
Table 123. boyee(Shenzhen) Industrial Technology Corporation Information
Table 124. boyee(Shenzhen) Industrial Technology Description and Major Businesses
Table 125. boyee(Shenzhen) Industrial Technology Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 126. boyee(Shenzhen) Industrial Technology Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 127. boyee(Shenzhen) Industrial Technology Recent Developments
Table 128. Dongguan Hongkai Corporation Information
Table 129. Dongguan Hongkai Description and Major Businesses
Table 130. Dongguan Hongkai Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 131. Dongguan Hongkai Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 132. Dongguan Hongkai Recent Developments
Table 133. HKZN Corporation Information
Table 134. HKZN Description and Major Businesses
Table 135. HKZN Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 136. HKZN Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 137. HKZN Recent Developments
Table 138. Sower Company Corporation Information
Table 139. Sower Company Description and Major Businesses
Table 140. Sower Company Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 141. Sower Company Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 142. Sower Company Recent Developments
Table 143. IEC Plant Engineering Corporation Information
Table 144. IEC Plant Engineering Description and Major Businesses
Table 145. IEC Plant Engineering Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 146. IEC Plant Engineering Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 147. IEC Plant Engineering Recent Developments
Table 148. Dongguan Litengda Corporation Information
Table 149. Dongguan Litengda Description and Major Businesses
Table 150. Dongguan Litengda Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 151. Dongguan Litengda Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 152. Dongguan Litengda Recent Developments
Table 153. San Xin Fei Rong Corporation Information
Table 154. San Xin Fei Rong Description and Major Businesses
Table 155. San Xin Fei Rong Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 156. San Xin Fei Rong Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 157. San Xin Fei Rong Recent Developments
Table 158. Dongguan Jiaxin Machinery Technology Corporation Information
Table 159. Dongguan Jiaxin Machinery Technology Description and Major Businesses
Table 160. Dongguan Jiaxin Machinery Technology Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 161. Dongguan Jiaxin Machinery Technology Capacity, Sales (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 162. Dongguan Jiaxin Machinery Technology Recent Developments
Table 163. Key Raw Materials Distribution
Table 164. Raw Materials Key Suppliers
Table 165. Critical Raw Material Supplier Concentration (2024) & Risk Index
Table 166. Milestones in Production Technology Evolution
Table 167. Distributors List
Table 168. Market Trends and Market Evolution
Table 169. Market Drivers and Opportunities
Table 170. Market Challenges, Risks, and Restraints
Table 171. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 172. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 173. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
List of Figures
Figure 1. Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Product Picture
Figure 2. Global Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 3. Horizontal Ceramic Sand Mill Product Picture
Figure 4. Vertical Ceramic Sand Mill Product Picture
Figure 5. Global Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 6. Lithium Battery
Figure 7. Chemical Industry
Figure 8. Painting Industry
Figure 9. Ceramic Industry
Figure 10. Others
Figure 11. Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Report Years Considered
Figure 12. Global Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Revenue, (US$ Million), 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 13. Global Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 14. Global Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Revenue (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 15. Global Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Revenue Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 16. Global Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Sales (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 17. Global Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Sales (CAGR) by Region (2020-2031) (Units)
Figure 18. Global Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Sales Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 19. Global Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Capacity, Production and Utilization (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 20. Global Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Production Trend by Region (2020-2031) (Units)
Figure 21. Global Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Production Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 22. Production Capacity Enablers & Constraints
Figure 23. Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Production Growth Rate in North America (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 24. Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Production Growth Rate in Europe (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 25. Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Production Growth Rate in China (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 26. Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Production Growth Rate in Japan (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 27. Top 5 and Top 10 Manufacturers Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Sales Volume Market Share in 2024
Figure 28. Global Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Revenue Market Share Ranking (2024)
Figure 29. Tier Distribution by Revenue Contribution (2020 VS 2024)
Figure 30. Horizontal Ceramic Sand Mill Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 31. Vertical Ceramic Sand Mill Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 32. Type Eight Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 33. Type Nine Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 34. Global Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Sales Market Share by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 35. Global Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Revenue Market Share by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 36. Global Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Sales Market Share by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 37. Global Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Revenue Market Share by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 38. North America Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 39. North America Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 40. North America Top 5 Manufacturers Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 41. North America Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Sales Volume (Units) by Type (2020- 2031)
Figure 42. North America Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020 - 2031)
Figure 43. North America Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Sales Volume (Units) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 44. North America Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 45. US Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 46. Canada Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 47. Mexico Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 48. Europe Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 49. Europe Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 50. Europe Top 5 Manufacturers Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 51. Europe Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Sales Volume (Units) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 52. Europe Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 53. Europe Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Sales Volume (Units) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 54. Europe Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 55. Germany Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 56. France Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 57. U.K. Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 58. Italy Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 59. Russia Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 60. Asia-Pacific Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 61. Asia-Pacific Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 62. Asia-Pacific Top 8 Manufacturers Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 63. Asia-Pacific Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Sales Volume (Units) by Type (2020- 2031)
Figure 64. Asia-Pacific Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020- 2031)
Figure 65. Asia-Pacific Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Sales Volume (Units) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 66. Asia-Pacific Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 67. Indonesia Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 68. Japan Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 69. South Korea Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 70. China Taiwan Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 71. India Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 72. Central and South America Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 73. Central and South America Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 74. Central and South America Top 5 Manufacturers Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 75. Central and South America Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Sales Volume (Units) by Type (2021-2031)
Figure 76. Central and South America Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 77. Central and South America Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Sales Volume (Units) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 78. Central and South America Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 79. Brazil Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 80. Argentina Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 81. Middle East, and Africa Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (Units)
Figure 82. Middle East and Africa Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 83. Middle East and Africa Top 5 Manufacturers Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 84. Middle East and Africa Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Sales Volume (Units) by Type (2021-2031)
Figure 85. South America Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 86. Middle East and Africa Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Sales Volume (Units) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 87. Middle East and Africa Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 88. GCC Countries Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 89. Turkey Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 90. Egypt Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 91. South Africa Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 92. Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Industry Chain Mapping
Figure 93. Regional Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Manufacturing Base Distribution (%)
Figure 94. Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Production Process
Figure 95. Regional Nano Ceramic Sand Mill Production Cost Structure
Figure 96. Channels of Distribution (Direct Vs Distribution)
Figure 97. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 98. Data Triangulation
Figure 99. Key Executives Interviewed
