List of Tables
Table 1. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Market Value by Type, (US$ Million) & (2024 VS 2031)
Table 2. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Market Value by Application, (US$ Million) & (2024 VS 2031)
Table 3. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production Capacity (MT) by Manufacturers in 2024
Table 4. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (MT)
Table 5. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 6. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production Value by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 7. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production Value Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 8. Global Key Players of Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate, Industry Ranking, 2023 VS 2024
Table 9. Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Production Value in Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate as of 2024)
Table 10. Global Market Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Average Price by Manufacturers (USD/MT) & (2020-2025)
Table 11. Global Key Manufacturers of Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate, Manufacturing Base Distribution and Headquarters
Table 12. Global Key Manufacturers of Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate, Product Offered and Application
Table 13. Global Key Manufacturers of Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate, Date of Enter into This Industry
Table 14. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 15. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table 16. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production Value by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 17. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production Value (US$ Million) by Region (2020-2025)
Table 18. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production Value Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
Table 19. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production Value (US$ Million) Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
Table 20. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production Value Market Share Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
Table 21. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production Comparison by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (MT)
Table 22. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production (MT) by Region (2020-2025)
Table 23. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
Table 24. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production (MT) Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
Table 25. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production Market Share Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
Table 26. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Market Average Price (USD/MT) by Region (2020-2025)
Table 27. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Market Average Price (USD/MT) by Region (2026-2031)
Table 28. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (MT)
Table 29. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Consumption by Region (2020-2025) & (MT)
Table 30. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Consumption Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
Table 31. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Forecasted Consumption by Region (2026-2031) & (MT)
Table 32. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Forecasted Consumption Market Share by Region (2026-2031)
Table 33. North America Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (MT)
Table 34. North America Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Consumption by Country (2020-2025) & (MT)
Table 35. North America Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Consumption by Country (2026-2031) & (MT)
Table 36. Europe Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (MT)
Table 37. Europe Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Consumption by Country (2020-2025) & (MT)
Table 38. Europe Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Consumption by Country (2026-2031) & (MT)
Table 39. Asia Pacific Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (MT)
Table 40. Asia Pacific Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Consumption by Region (2020-2025) & (MT)
Table 41. Asia Pacific Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Consumption by Region (2026-2031) & (MT)
Table 42. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (MT)
Table 43. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Consumption by Country (2020-2025) & (MT)
Table 44. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Consumption by Country (2026-2031) & (MT)
Table 45. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production (MT) by Type (2020-2025)
Table 46. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production (MT) by Type (2026-2031)
Table 47. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production Market Share by Type (2020-2025)
Table 48. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production Market Share by Type (2026-2031)
Table 49. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production Value (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2025)
Table 50. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production Value (US$ Million) by Type (2026-2031)
Table 51. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production Value Market Share by Type (2020-2025)
Table 52. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production Value Market Share by Type (2026-2031)
Table 53. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Price (USD/MT) by Type (2020-2025)
Table 54. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Price (USD/MT) by Type (2026-2031)
Table 55. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production (MT) by Application (2020-2025)
Table 56. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production (MT) by Application (2026-2031)
Table 57. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production Market Share by Application (2020-2025)
Table 58. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production Market Share by Application (2026-2031)
Table 59. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production Value (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2025)
Table 60. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production Value (US$ Million) by Application (2026-2031)
Table 61. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production Value Market Share by Application (2020-2025)
Table 62. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production Value Market Share by Application (2026-2031)
Table 63. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Price (USD/MT) by Application (2020-2025)
Table 64. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Price (USD/MT) by Application (2026-2031)
Table 65. Solvay Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Company Information
Table 66. Solvay Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Specification and Application
Table 67. Solvay Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production (MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 68. Solvay Main Business and Markets Served
Table 69. Solvay Recent Developments/Updates
Table 70. Church & Dwight Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Company Information
Table 71. Church & Dwight Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Specification and Application
Table 72. Church & Dwight Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production (MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 73. Church & Dwight Main Business and Markets Served
Table 74. Church & Dwight Recent Developments/Updates
Table 75. Natural Soda Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Company Information
Table 76. Natural Soda Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Specification and Application
Table 77. Natural Soda Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production (MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 78. Natural Soda Main Business and Markets Served
Table 79. Natural Soda Recent Developments/Updates
Table 80. Novacarb Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Company Information
Table 81. Novacarb Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Specification and Application
Table 82. Novacarb Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production (MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 83. Novacarb Main Business and Markets Served
Table 84. Novacarb Recent Developments/Updates
Table 85. Tata Chemicals Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Company Information
Table 86. Tata Chemicals Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Specification and Application
Table 87. Tata Chemicals Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production (MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 88. Tata Chemicals Main Business and Markets Served
Table 89. Tata Chemicals Recent Developments/Updates
Table 90. FMC Corporation Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Company Information
Table 91. FMC Corporation Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Specification and Application
Table 92. FMC Corporation Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production (MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 93. FMC Corporation Main Business and Markets Served
Table 94. FMC Corporation Recent Developments/Updates
Table 95. Natrium Products Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Company Information
Table 96. Natrium Products Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Specification and Application
Table 97. Natrium Products Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production (MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 98. Natrium Products Main Business and Markets Served
Table 99. Natrium Products Recent Developments/Updates
Table 100. Tosoh Corporation Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Company Information
Table 101. Tosoh Corporation Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Specification and Application
Table 102. Tosoh Corporation Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production (MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 103. Tosoh Corporation Main Business and Markets Served
Table 104. Tosoh Corporation Recent Developments/Updates
Table 105. Asahi Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Company Information
Table 106. Asahi Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Specification and Application
Table 107. Asahi Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production (MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 108. Asahi Main Business and Markets Served
Table 109. Asahi Recent Developments/Updates
Table 110. Inner Mongolia Yuanxing Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Company Information
Table 111. Inner Mongolia Yuanxing Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Specification and Application
Table 112. Inner Mongolia Yuanxing Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production (MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 113. Inner Mongolia Yuanxing Main Business and Markets Served
Table 114. Inner Mongolia Yuanxing Recent Developments/Updates
Table 115. Yuhua Chemical Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Company Information
Table 116. Yuhua Chemical Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Specification and Application
Table 117. Yuhua Chemical Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production (MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 118. Yuhua Chemical Main Business and Markets Served
Table 119. Yuhua Chemical Recent Developments/Updates
Table 120. Qingdao Soda Ash Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Company Information
Table 121. Qingdao Soda Ash Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Specification and Application
Table 122. Qingdao Soda Ash Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production (MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 123. Qingdao Soda Ash Main Business and Markets Served
Table 124. Qingdao Soda Ash Recent Developments/Updates
Table 125. Haohua Honghe Chemical Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Company Information
Table 126. Haohua Honghe Chemical Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Specification and Application
Table 127. Haohua Honghe Chemical Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production (MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 128. Haohua Honghe Chemical Main Business and Markets Served
Table 129. Haohua Honghe Chemical Recent Developments/Updates
Table 130. Hailian Sanyii Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Company Information
Table 131. Hailian Sanyii Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Specification and Application
Table 132. Hailian Sanyii Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production (MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 133. Hailian Sanyii Main Business and Markets Served
Table 134. Hailian Sanyii Recent Developments/Updates
Table 135. Tianjin Bohua YongLi Chemical Industry Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Company Information
Table 136. Tianjin Bohua YongLi Chemical Industry Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Specification and Application
Table 137. Tianjin Bohua YongLi Chemical Industry Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production (MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 138. Tianjin Bohua YongLi Chemical Industry Main Business and Markets Served
Table 139. Tianjin Bohua YongLi Chemical Industry Recent Developments/Updates
Table 140. Lengshuijiang Xianhe Chemical Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Company Information
Table 141. Lengshuijiang Xianhe Chemical Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Specification and Application
Table 142. Lengshuijiang Xianhe Chemical Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production (MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 143. Lengshuijiang Xianhe Chemical Main Business and Markets Served
Table 144. Lengshuijiang Xianhe Chemical Recent Developments/Updates
Table 145. Shandong Haihua Group Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Company Information
Table 146. Shandong Haihua Group Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Specification and Application
Table 147. Shandong Haihua Group Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production (MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 148. Shandong Haihua Group Main Business and Markets Served
Table 149. Shandong Haihua Group Recent Developments/Updates
Table 150. Hebei Huachen Pharmaceutical Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Company Information
Table 151. Hebei Huachen Pharmaceutical Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Specification and Application
Table 152. Hebei Huachen Pharmaceutical Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production (MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 153. Hebei Huachen Pharmaceutical Main Business and Markets Served
Table 154. Hebei Huachen Pharmaceutical Recent Developments/Updates
Table 155. Inner Mongolia Ortork Banner Shuangxin Chemical Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Company Information
Table 156. Inner Mongolia Ortork Banner Shuangxin Chemical Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Specification and Application
Table 157. Inner Mongolia Ortork Banner Shuangxin Chemical Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production (MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 158. Inner Mongolia Ortork Banner Shuangxin Chemical Main Business and Markets Served
Table 159. Inner Mongolia Ortork Banner Shuangxin Chemical Recent Developments/Updates
Table 160. Lianyungang Doda Ash Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Company Information
Table 161. Lianyungang Doda Ash Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Specification and Application
Table 162. Lianyungang Doda Ash Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production (MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 163. Lianyungang Doda Ash Main Business and Markets Served
Table 164. Lianyungang Doda Ash Recent Developments/Updates
Table 165. Xuyue Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Company Information
Table 166. Xuyue Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Specification and Application
Table 167. Xuyue Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production (MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 168. Xuyue Main Business and Markets Served
Table 169. Xuyue Recent Developments/Updates
Table 170. Key Raw Materials Lists
Table 171. Raw Materials Key Suppliers Lists
Table 172. Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Distributors List
Table 173. Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Customers List
Table 174. Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Market Trends
Table 175. Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Market Drivers
Table 176. Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Market Challenges
Table 177. Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Market Restraints
Table 178. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 179. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 180. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
Table 181. Authors List of This Report
List of Figures
Figure 1. Product Picture of Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate
Figure 2. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Market Value by Type, (US$ Million) & (2020-2031)
Figure 3. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Market Share by Type: 2024 VS 2031
Figure 4. Sodium Carbonate Method Type Product Picture
Figure 5. Sodium Hydroxide Method Type Product Picture
Figure 6. Nahcolite Extraction Type Product Picture
Figure 7. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Market Value by Application, (US$ Million) & (2020-2031)
Figure 8. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Market Share by Application: 2024 VS 2031
Figure 9. Food
Figure 10. Beverage
Figure 11. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production Value (US$ Million), 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 12. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production Value (US$ Million) & (2020-2031)
Figure 13. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production Capacity (MT) & (2020-2031)
Figure 14. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production (MT) & (2020-2031)
Figure 15. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Average Price (USD/MT) & (2020-2031)
Figure 16. Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Report Years Considered
Figure 17. Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production Share by Manufacturers in 2024
Figure 18. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production Value Share by Manufacturers (2024)
Figure 19. Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3): 2020 VS 2024
Figure 20. The Global 5 and 10 Largest Players: Market Share by Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Revenue in 2024
Figure 21. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production Value by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 22. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production Value Market Share by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 23. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production Comparison by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (MT)
Figure 24. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production Market Share by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 25. North America Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 26. Europe Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 27. China Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 28. Japan Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 29. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Consumption by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (MT)
Figure 30. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Consumption Market Share by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 31. North America Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (MT)
Figure 32. North America Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Consumption Market Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 33. U.S. Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (MT)
Figure 34. Canada Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (MT)
Figure 35. Europe Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (MT)
Figure 36. Europe Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Consumption Market Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 37. Germany Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (MT)
Figure 38. France Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (MT)
Figure 39. U.K. Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (MT)
Figure 40. Italy Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (MT)
Figure 41. Russia Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (MT)
Figure 42. Asia Pacific Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (MT)
Figure 43. Asia Pacific Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Consumption Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 44. China Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (MT)
Figure 45. Japan Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (MT)
Figure 46. South Korea Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (MT)
Figure 47. China Taiwan Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (MT)
Figure 48. Southeast Asia Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (MT)
Figure 49. India Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (MT)
Figure 50. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (MT)
Figure 51. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Consumption Market Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 52. Mexico Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (MT)
Figure 53. Brazil Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (MT)
Figure 54. Turkey Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (MT)
Figure 55. GCC Countries Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (MT)
Figure 56. Global Production Market Share of Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 57. Global Production Value Market Share of Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 58. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Price (USD/MT) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 59. Global Production Market Share of Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 60. Global Production Value Market Share of Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 61. Global Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Price (USD/MT) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 62. Food Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Value Chain
Figure 63. Channels of Distribution (Direct Vs Distribution)
Figure 64. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 65. Data Triangulation