Global Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Research Report 2023

The global Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System market was valued at US$ million in 2022 and is anticipated to reach US$ million by 2029, witnessing a CAGR of % during the forecast period 2023-2029. The influence of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War were considered while estimating market sizes.

North American market for Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System is estimated to increase from $ million in 2023 to reach $ million by 2029, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period of 2023 through 2029.

Asia-Pacific market for Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System is estimated to increase from $ million in 2023 to reach $ million by 2029, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period of 2023 through 2029.

The global market for Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System in Enterprise is estimated to increase from $ million in 2023 to $ million by 2029, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period of 2023 through 2029.

The key global companies of Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System include Shenzhen Saidong Zhizao Technology, Hua Yue Enterprise Holdings, Pansheng Bioengineering Group, Sinfonia Technology and Beijing Huakan Biotechnology, etc. In 2022, the world's top three vendors accounted for approximately % of the revenue.

This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System, with both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System.

The Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System market size, estimations, and forecasts are provided in terms of and revenue ($ millions), considering 2022 as the base year, with history and forecast data for the period from 2018 to 2029. This report segments the global Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System market comprehensively. Regional market sizes, concerning products by type, by application, and by players, are also provided.

For a more in-depth understanding of the market, the report provides profiles of the competitive landscape, key competitors, and their respective market ranks. The report also discusses technological trends and new product developments.

The report will help the Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System companies, new entrants, and industry chain related companies in this market with information on the revenues for the overall market and the sub-segments across the different segments, by company, by type, by application, and by regions.

1.1 Study Scope

1.2 Market Analysis by Type

1.2.1 Global Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size Growth Rate by Type: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029

1.2.2 Preparation core module

1.2.3 Cultivate Module

1.2.4 Packing module

1.2.5 Dosing Module

1.2.6 Liquid temperature control module

1.2.7 Cell State Identification Module

1.2.8 Environmental Monitoring Module

1.3 Market by Application

1.3.1 Global Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Growth by Application: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029

1.3.2 Enterprise

1.3.3 Institute

1.4 Study Objectives

1.5 Years Considered

1.6 Years Considered

2.1 Global Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Perspective (2018-2029)

2.2 Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Growth Trends by Region

2.2.1 Global Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size by Region: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029

2.2.2 Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Historic Market Size by Region (2018-2023)

2.2.3 Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Forecasted Market Size by Region (2024-2029)

2.3 Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Dynamics

2.3.1 Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Industry Trends

2.3.2 Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Drivers

2.3.3 Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Challenges

2.3.4 Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Restraints

3.1 Global Top Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Players by Revenue

3.1.1 Global Top Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Players by Revenue (2018-2023)

3.1.2 Global Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Revenue Market Share by Players (2018-2023)

3.2 Global Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3)

3.3 Players Covered: Ranking by Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Revenue

3.4 Global Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Concentration Ratio

3.4.1 Global Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)

3.4.2 Global Top 10 and Top 5 Companies by Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Revenue in 2022

3.5 Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Key Players Head office and Area Served

3.6 Key Players Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Product Solution and Service

3.7 Date of Enter into Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market

3.8 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans

4.1 Global Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Historic Market Size by Type (2018-2023)

4.2 Global Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Forecasted Market Size by Type (2024-2029)

5.1 Global Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Historic Market Size by Application (2018-2023)

5.2 Global Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Forecasted Market Size by Application (2024-2029)

6.1 North America Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size (2018-2029)

6.2 North America Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Growth Rate by Country: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029

6.3 North America Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size by Country (2018-2023)

6.4 North America Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size by Country (2024-2029)

6.5 United States

6.6 Canada

7.1 Europe Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size (2018-2029)

7.2 Europe Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Growth Rate by Country: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029

7.3 Europe Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size by Country (2018-2023)

7.4 Europe Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size by Country (2024-2029)

7.5 Germany

7.6 France

7.7 U.K.

7.8 Italy

7.9 Russia

7.10 Nordic Countries

8.1 Asia-Pacific Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size (2018-2029)

8.2 Asia-Pacific Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Growth Rate by Region: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029

8.3 Asia-Pacific Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size by Region (2018-2023)

8.4 Asia-Pacific Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size by Region (2024-2029)

8.5 China

8.6 Japan

8.7 South Korea

8.8 Southeast Asia

8.9 India

8.10 Australia

9.1 Latin America Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size (2018-2029)

9.2 Latin America Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Growth Rate by Country: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029

9.3 Latin America Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size by Country (2018-2023)

9.4 Latin America Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size by Country (2024-2029)

9.5 Mexico

9.6 Brazil

10.1 Middle East & Africa Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size (2018-2029)

10.2 Middle East & Africa Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Growth Rate by Country: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029

10.3 Middle East & Africa Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size by Country (2018-2023)

10.4 Middle East & Africa Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size by Country (2024-2029)

10.5 Turkey

10.6 Saudi Arabia

10.7 UAE

11.1 Shenzhen Saidong Zhizao Technology

11.1.1 Shenzhen Saidong Zhizao Technology Company Detail

11.1.2 Shenzhen Saidong Zhizao Technology Business Overview

11.1.3 Shenzhen Saidong Zhizao Technology Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Introduction

11.1.4 Shenzhen Saidong Zhizao Technology Revenue in Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Business (2018-2023)

11.1.5 Shenzhen Saidong Zhizao Technology Recent Development

11.2 Hua Yue Enterprise Holdings

11.2.1 Hua Yue Enterprise Holdings Company Detail

11.2.2 Hua Yue Enterprise Holdings Business Overview

11.2.3 Hua Yue Enterprise Holdings Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Introduction

11.2.4 Hua Yue Enterprise Holdings Revenue in Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Business (2018-2023)

11.2.5 Hua Yue Enterprise Holdings Recent Development

11.3 Pansheng Bioengineering Group

11.3.1 Pansheng Bioengineering Group Company Detail

11.3.2 Pansheng Bioengineering Group Business Overview

11.3.3 Pansheng Bioengineering Group Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Introduction

11.3.4 Pansheng Bioengineering Group Revenue in Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Business (2018-2023)

11.3.5 Pansheng Bioengineering Group Recent Development

11.4 Sinfonia Technology

11.4.1 Sinfonia Technology Company Detail

11.4.2 Sinfonia Technology Business Overview

11.4.3 Sinfonia Technology Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Introduction

11.4.4 Sinfonia Technology Revenue in Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Business (2018-2023)

11.4.5 Sinfonia Technology Recent Development

11.5 Beijing Huakan Biotechnology

11.5.1 Beijing Huakan Biotechnology Company Detail

11.5.2 Beijing Huakan Biotechnology Business Overview

11.5.3 Beijing Huakan Biotechnology Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Introduction

11.5.4 Beijing Huakan Biotechnology Revenue in Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Business (2018-2023)

11.5.5 Beijing Huakan Biotechnology Recent Development

13.1 Research Methodology

13.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach

13.1.2 Data Source

13.2 Disclaimer

13.3 Author Details

List of Tables

    Table 1. Global Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size Growth Rate by Type (US$ Million): 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029

    Table 2. Key Players of Preparation core module

    Table 3. Key Players of Cultivate Module

    Table 4. Key Players of Packing module

    Table 5. Key Players of Dosing Module

    Table 6. Key Players of Liquid temperature control module

    Table 7. Key Players of Cell State Identification Module

    Table 8. Key Players of Environmental Monitoring Module

    Table 9. Global Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size Growth by Application (US$ Million): 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029

    Table 10. Global Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size by Region (US$ Million): 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029

    Table 11. Global Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size by Region (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)

    Table 12. Global Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Share by Region (2018-2023)

    Table 13. Global Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Forecasted Market Size by Region (2024-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Table 14. Global Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Share by Region (2024-2029)

    Table 15. Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Trends

    Table 16. Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Drivers

    Table 17. Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Challenges

    Table 18. Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Restraints

    Table 19. Global Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Revenue by Players (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)

    Table 20. Global Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Share by Players (2018-2023)

    Table 21. Global Top Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Players by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System as of 2022)

    Table 22. Ranking of Global Top Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Companies by Revenue (US$ Million) in 2022

    Table 23. Global 5 Largest Players Market Share by Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Revenue (CR5 and HHI) & (2018-2023)

    Table 24. Key Players Headquarters and Area Served

    Table 25. Key Players Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Product Solution and Service

    Table 26. Date of Enter into Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market

    Table 27. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans

    Table 28. Global Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size by Type (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)

    Table 29. Global Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Revenue Market Share by Type (2018-2023)

    Table 30. Global Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Forecasted Market Size by Type (2024-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Table 31. Global Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Revenue Market Share by Type (2024-2029)

    Table 32. Global Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size by Application (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)

    Table 33. Global Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Revenue Market Share by Application (2018-2023)

    Table 34. Global Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Forecasted Market Size by Application (2024-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Table 35. Global Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Revenue Market Share by Application (2024-2029)

    Table 36. North America Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size Growth Rate by Country (US$ Million): 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029

    Table 37. North America Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size by Country (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)

    Table 38. North America Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size by Country (2024-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Table 39. Europe Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size Growth Rate by Country (US$ Million): 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029

    Table 40. Europe Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size by Country (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)

    Table 41. Europe Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size by Country (2024-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Table 42. Asia-Pacific Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size Growth Rate by Region (US$ Million): 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029

    Table 43. Asia-Pacific Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size by Region (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)

    Table 44. Asia-Pacific Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size by Region (2024-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Table 45. Latin America Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size Growth Rate by Country (US$ Million): 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029

    Table 46. Latin America Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size by Country (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)

    Table 47. Latin America Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size by Country (2024-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Table 48. Middle East & Africa Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size Growth Rate by Country (US$ Million): 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029

    Table 49. Middle East & Africa Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size by Country (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)

    Table 50. Middle East & Africa Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size by Country (2024-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Table 51. Shenzhen Saidong Zhizao Technology Company Detail

    Table 52. Shenzhen Saidong Zhizao Technology Business Overview

    Table 53. Shenzhen Saidong Zhizao Technology Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Product

    Table 54. Shenzhen Saidong Zhizao Technology Revenue in Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Business (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)

    Table 55. Shenzhen Saidong Zhizao Technology Recent Development

    Table 56. Hua Yue Enterprise Holdings Company Detail

    Table 57. Hua Yue Enterprise Holdings Business Overview

    Table 58. Hua Yue Enterprise Holdings Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Product

    Table 59. Hua Yue Enterprise Holdings Revenue in Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Business (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)

    Table 60. Hua Yue Enterprise Holdings Recent Development

    Table 61. Pansheng Bioengineering Group Company Detail

    Table 62. Pansheng Bioengineering Group Business Overview

    Table 63. Pansheng Bioengineering Group Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Product

    Table 64. Pansheng Bioengineering Group Revenue in Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Business (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)

    Table 65. Pansheng Bioengineering Group Recent Development

    Table 66. Sinfonia Technology Company Detail

    Table 67. Sinfonia Technology Business Overview

    Table 68. Sinfonia Technology Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Product

    Table 69. Sinfonia Technology Revenue in Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Business (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)

    Table 70. Sinfonia Technology Recent Development

    Table 71. Beijing Huakan Biotechnology Company Detail

    Table 72. Beijing Huakan Biotechnology Business Overview

    Table 73. Beijing Huakan Biotechnology Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Product

    Table 74. Beijing Huakan Biotechnology Revenue in Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Business (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)

    Table 75. Beijing Huakan Biotechnology Recent Development

    Table 76. Research Programs/Design for This Report

    Table 77. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources

    Table 78. Key Data Information from Primary Sources

List of Figures

    Figure 1. Global Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size Comparison by Type (2023-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Figure 2. Global Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Share by Type: 2022 VS 2029

    Figure 3. Preparation core module Features

    Figure 4. Cultivate Module Features

    Figure 5. Packing module Features

    Figure 6. Dosing Module Features

    Figure 7. Liquid temperature control module Features

    Figure 8. Cell State Identification Module Features

    Figure 9. Environmental Monitoring Module Features

    Figure 10. Global Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size Comparison by Application (2023-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Figure 11. Global Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Share by Application: 2022 VS 2029

    Figure 12. Enterprise Case Studies

    Figure 13. Institute Case Studies

    Figure 14. Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Report Years Considered

    Figure 15. Global Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size (US$ Million), Year-over-Year: 2018-2029

    Figure 16. Global Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size, (US$ Million), 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029

    Figure 17. Global Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Share by Region: 2022 VS 2029

    Figure 18. Global Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Share by Players in 2022

    Figure 19. Global Top Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Players by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System as of 2022)

    Figure 20. The Top 10 and 5 Players Market Share by Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Revenue in 2022

    Figure 21. North America Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Figure 22. North America Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Share by Country (2018-2029)

    Figure 23. United States Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Figure 24. Canada Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Figure 25. Europe Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Figure 26. Europe Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Share by Country (2018-2029)

    Figure 27. Germany Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Figure 28. France Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Figure 29. U.K. Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Figure 30. Italy Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Figure 31. Russia Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Figure 32. Nordic Countries Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Figure 33. Asia-Pacific Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Figure 34. Asia-Pacific Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Share by Region (2018-2029)

    Figure 35. China Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Figure 36. Japan Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Figure 37. South Korea Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Figure 38. Southeast Asia Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Figure 39. India Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Figure 40. Australia Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Figure 41. Latin America Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Figure 42. Latin America Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Share by Country (2018-2029)

    Figure 43. Mexico Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Figure 44. Brazil Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Figure 45. Middle East & Africa Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Figure 46. Middle East & Africa Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Share by Country (2018-2029)

    Figure 47. Turkey Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Figure 48. Saudi Arabia Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)

    Figure 49. Shenzhen Saidong Zhizao Technology Revenue Growth Rate in Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Business (2018-2023)

    Figure 50. Hua Yue Enterprise Holdings Revenue Growth Rate in Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Business (2018-2023)

    Figure 51. Pansheng Bioengineering Group Revenue Growth Rate in Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Business (2018-2023)

    Figure 52. Sinfonia Technology Revenue Growth Rate in Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Business (2018-2023)

    Figure 53. Beijing Huakan Biotechnology Revenue Growth Rate in Automatic Cell Intelligence Manufacturing System Business (2018-2023)

    Figure 54. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report

    Figure 55. Data Triangulation

    Figure 56. Key Executives Interviewed