List of Tables
Table 1. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Market Value by Type, (US$ Million) & (2024 VS 2031)
Table 2. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Market Value by Application, (US$ Million) & (2024 VS 2031)
Table 3. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production Capacity (Tons) by Manufacturers in 2024
Table 4. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (Tons)
Table 5. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 6. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production Value by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 7. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production Value Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 8. Global Key Players of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe, Industry Ranking, 2023 VS 2024
Table 9. Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Production Value in High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe as of 2024)
Table 10. Global Market High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Average Price by Manufacturers (US$/Ton) & (2020-2025)
Table 11. Global Key Manufacturers of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe, Manufacturing Base Distribution and Headquarters
Table 12. Global Key Manufacturers of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe, Product Offered and Application
Table 13. Global Key Manufacturers of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe, Date of Enter into This Industry
Table 14. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 15. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table 16. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production Value by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 17. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production Value (US$ Million) by Region (2020-2025)
Table 18. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production Value Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
Table 19. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production Value (US$ Million) Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
Table 20. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production Value Market Share Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
Table 21. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production Comparison by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (Tons)
Table 22. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production (Tons) by Region (2020-2025)
Table 23. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
Table 24. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production (Tons) Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
Table 25. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production Market Share Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
Table 26. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Market Average Price (US$/Ton) by Region (2020-2025)
Table 27. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Market Average Price (US$/Ton) by Region (2026-2031)
Table 28. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (Tons)
Table 29. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Consumption by Region (2020-2025) & (Tons)
Table 30. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Consumption Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
Table 31. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Forecasted Consumption by Region (2026-2031) & (Tons)
Table 32. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Forecasted Consumption Market Share by Region (2026-2031)
Table 33. North America High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (Tons)
Table 34. North America High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Consumption by Country (2020-2025) & (Tons)
Table 35. North America High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Consumption by Country (2026-2031) & (Tons)
Table 36. Europe High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (Tons)
Table 37. Europe High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Consumption by Country (2020-2025) & (Tons)
Table 38. Europe High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Consumption by Country (2026-2031) & (Tons)
Table 39. Asia Pacific High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (Tons)
Table 40. Asia Pacific High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Consumption by Region (2020-2025) & (Tons)
Table 41. Asia Pacific High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Consumption by Region (2026-2031) & (Tons)
Table 42. Latin America, Middle East & Africa High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (Tons)
Table 43. Latin America, Middle East & Africa High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Consumption by Country (2020-2025) & (Tons)
Table 44. Latin America, Middle East & Africa High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Consumption by Country (2026-2031) & (Tons)
Table 45. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production (Tons) by Type (2020-2025)
Table 46. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production (Tons) by Type (2026-2031)
Table 47. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production Market Share by Type (2020-2025)
Table 48. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production Market Share by Type (2026-2031)
Table 49. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production Value (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2025)
Table 50. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production Value (US$ Million) by Type (2026-2031)
Table 51. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production Value Market Share by Type (2020-2025)
Table 52. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production Value Market Share by Type (2026-2031)
Table 53. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Price (US$/Ton) by Type (2020-2025)
Table 54. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Price (US$/Ton) by Type (2026-2031)
Table 55. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production (Tons) by Application (2020-2025)
Table 56. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production (Tons) by Application (2026-2031)
Table 57. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production Market Share by Application (2020-2025)
Table 58. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production Market Share by Application (2026-2031)
Table 59. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production Value (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2025)
Table 60. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production Value (US$ Million) by Application (2026-2031)
Table 61. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production Value Market Share by Application (2020-2025)
Table 62. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production Value Market Share by Application (2026-2031)
Table 63. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Price (US$/Ton) by Application (2020-2025)
Table 64. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Price (US$/Ton) by Application (2026-2031)
Table 65. Fujian Newchoice Pipe Technology Co., Ltd. High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Company Information
Table 66. Fujian Newchoice Pipe Technology Co., Ltd. High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Specification and Application
Table 67. Fujian Newchoice Pipe Technology Co., Ltd. High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production (Tons), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 68. Fujian Newchoice Pipe Technology Co., Ltd. Main Business and Markets Served
Table 69. Fujian Newchoice Pipe Technology Co., Ltd. Recent Developments/Updates
Table 70. Zhongyi Holding Group Co., Ltd. High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Company Information
Table 71. Zhongyi Holding Group Co., Ltd. High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Specification and Application
Table 72. Zhongyi Holding Group Co., Ltd. High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production (Tons), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 73. Zhongyi Holding Group Co., Ltd. Main Business and Markets Served
Table 74. Zhongyi Holding Group Co., Ltd. Recent Developments/Updates
Table 75. Cstzsj High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Company Information
Table 76. Cstzsj High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Specification and Application
Table 77. Cstzsj High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production (Tons), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 78. Cstzsj Main Business and Markets Served
Table 79. Cstzsj Recent Developments/Updates
Table 80. Hz-dshb High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Company Information
Table 81. Hz-dshb High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Specification and Application
Table 82. Hz-dshb High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production (Tons), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 83. Hz-dshb Main Business and Markets Served
Table 84. Hz-dshb Recent Developments/Updates
Table 85. Yuansupe High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Company Information
Table 86. Yuansupe High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Specification and Application
Table 87. Yuansupe High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production (Tons), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 88. Yuansupe Main Business and Markets Served
Table 89. Yuansupe Recent Developments/Updates
Table 90. Guangdong Jiantong Pipe Products Co.,Ltd. High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Company Information
Table 91. Guangdong Jiantong Pipe Products Co.,Ltd. High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Specification and Application
Table 92. Guangdong Jiantong Pipe Products Co.,Ltd. High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production (Tons), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 93. Guangdong Jiantong Pipe Products Co.,Ltd. Main Business and Markets Served
Table 94. Guangdong Jiantong Pipe Products Co.,Ltd. Recent Developments/Updates
Table 95. Nbszygd High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Company Information
Table 96. Nbszygd High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Specification and Application
Table 97. Nbszygd High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production (Tons), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 98. Nbszygd Main Business and Markets Served
Table 99. Nbszygd Recent Developments/Updates
Table 100. Whyhsy High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Company Information
Table 101. Whyhsy High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Specification and Application
Table 102. Whyhsy High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production (Tons), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 103. Whyhsy Main Business and Markets Served
Table 104. Whyhsy Recent Developments/Updates
Table 105. Gdlcgd High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Company Information
Table 106. Gdlcgd High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Specification and Application
Table 107. Gdlcgd High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production (Tons), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 108. Gdlcgd Main Business and Markets Served
Table 109. Gdlcgd Recent Developments/Updates
Table 110. Zhususy High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Company Information
Table 111. Zhususy High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Specification and Application
Table 112. Zhususy High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production (Tons), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 113. Zhususy Main Business and Markets Served
Table 114. Zhususy Recent Developments/Updates
Table 115. Key Raw Materials Lists
Table 116. Raw Materials Key Suppliers Lists
Table 117. High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Distributors List
Table 118. High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Customers List
Table 119. High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Market Trends
Table 120. High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Market Drivers
Table 121. High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Market Challenges
Table 122. High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Market Restraints
Table 123. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 124. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 125. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
Table 126. Authors List of This Report
List of Figures
Figure 1. Product Picture of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe
Figure 2. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Market Value by Type, (US$ Million) & (2020-2031)
Figure 3. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Market Share by Type: 2024 VS 2031
Figure 4. A-type Pipe Product Picture
Figure 5. B-type Pipe Product Picture
Figure 6. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Market Value by Application, (US$ Million) & (2020-2031)
Figure 7. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Market Share by Application: 2024 VS 2031
Figure 8. Power Grid Construction
Figure 9. Municipal Renovation
Figure 10. Civil Aviation Engineering
Figure 11. Engineering Construction
Figure 12. Other
Figure 13. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production Value (US$ Million), 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 14. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production Value (US$ Million) & (2020-2031)
Figure 15. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production Capacity (Tons) & (2020-2031)
Figure 16. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production (Tons) & (2020-2031)
Figure 17. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Average Price (US$/Ton) & (2020-2031)
Figure 18. High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Report Years Considered
Figure 19. High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production Share by Manufacturers in 2024
Figure 20. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production Value Share by Manufacturers (2024)
Figure 21. High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3): 2020 VS 2024
Figure 22. The Global 5 and 10 Largest Players: Market Share by High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Revenue in 2024
Figure 23. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production Value by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 24. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production Value Market Share by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 25. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production Comparison by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (Tons)
Figure 26. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production Market Share by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 27. North America High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 28. Europe High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 29. China High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 30. Japan High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 31. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Consumption by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (Tons)
Figure 32. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Consumption Market Share by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 33. North America High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Tons)
Figure 34. North America High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Consumption Market Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 35. U.S. High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Tons)
Figure 36. Canada High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Tons)
Figure 37. Europe High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Tons)
Figure 38. Europe High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Consumption Market Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 39. Germany High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Tons)
Figure 40. France High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Tons)
Figure 41. U.K. High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Tons)
Figure 42. Italy High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Tons)
Figure 43. Russia High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Tons)
Figure 44. Asia Pacific High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Tons)
Figure 45. Asia Pacific High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Consumption Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 46. China High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Tons)
Figure 47. Japan High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Tons)
Figure 48. South Korea High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Tons)
Figure 49. China Taiwan High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Tons)
Figure 50. Southeast Asia High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Tons)
Figure 51. India High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Tons)
Figure 52. Latin America, Middle East & Africa High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Tons)
Figure 53. Latin America, Middle East & Africa High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Consumption Market Share by Country (2020-2031)
Figure 54. Mexico High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Tons)
Figure 55. Brazil High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Tons)
Figure 56. Turkey High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Tons)
Figure 57. GCC Countries High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Consumption and Growth Rate (2020-2031) & (Tons)
Figure 58. Global Production Market Share of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 59. Global Production Value Market Share of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 60. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Price (US$/Ton) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 61. Global Production Market Share of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 62. Global Production Value Market Share of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 63. Global High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Price (US$/Ton) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 64. High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Wrap Structural Wall Pipe Value Chain
Figure 65. Channels of Distribution (Direct Vs Distribution)
Figure 66. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 67. Data Triangulation