List of Tables
Table 1. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Market Value by Type (US$ Million), 2025 vs 2032
Table 2. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Market Value by Glass Type (US$ Million), 2025 vs 2032
Table 3. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Market Value by Curtain Wall Form (US$ Million), 2025 vs 2032
Table 4. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Market Value by Application (US$ Million), 2025 vs 2032
Table 5. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production Capacity (K Sqm) by Manufacturers in 2025
Table 6. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production by Manufacturers (K Sqm), 2021–2026
Table 7. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2021–2026)
Table 8. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production Value by Manufacturers (US$ Million), 2021–2026
Table 9. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production Value Share by Manufacturers (2021–2026)
Table 10. Global Key Players of Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall, Industry Ranking, 2024 vs 2025
Table 11. Classification of Companies by Tier (Tier 1, Tier 2, Tier 3), based on Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production Value, 2025
Table 12. Global Market Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Average Price by Manufacturers (US$/Sq m), 2021–2026
Table 13. Global Key Manufacturers of Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall, Manufacturing Footprints and Headquarters
Table 14. Global Key Manufacturers of Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall, Product Offerings and Applications
Table 15. Global Key Manufacturers of Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall, Date of Entry into the Industry
Table 16. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 17. Mergers & Acquisitions and Expansion Plans
Table 18. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production Value by Region: 2021 vs 2025 vs 2032 (US$ Million)
Table 19. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production Value (US$ Million) by Region (2021–2026)
Table 20. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production Value Market Share by Region (2021–2026)
Table 21. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production Value (US$ Million) Forecast by Region (2027–2032)
Table 22. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production Value Market Share Forecast by Region (2027–2032)
Table 23. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production Comparison by Region: 2021 vs 2025 vs 2032 (K Sqm)
Table 24. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production (K Sqm) by Region (2021–2026)
Table 25. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production Market Share by Region (2021–2026)
Table 26. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production (K Sqm) Forecast by Region (2027–2032)
Table 27. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production Market Share Forecast by Region (2027–2032)
Table 28. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Market Average Price (US$/Sq m) by Region (2021–2026)
Table 29. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Market Average Price (US$/Sq m) by Region (2027–2032)
Table 30. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2021 vs 2025 vs 2032 (K Sqm)
Table 31. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Consumption by Region (K Sqm), 2021–2026
Table 32. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Consumption Market Share by Region (2021–2026)
Table 33. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Forecasted Consumption by Region (K Sqm), 2027–2032
Table 34. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Forecasted Consumption Market Share by Region (2027–2032)
Table 35. North America Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2021 vs 2025 vs 2032 (K Sqm)
Table 36. North America Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Consumption by Country (K Sqm), 2021–2026
Table 37. North America Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Consumption by Country (K Sqm), 2027–2032
Table 38. Europe Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2021 vs 2025 vs 2032 (K Sqm)
Table 39. Europe Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Consumption by Country (K Sqm), 2021–2026
Table 40. Europe Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Consumption by Country (K Sqm), 2027–2032
Table 41. Asia Pacific Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2021 vs 2025 vs 2032 (K Sqm)
Table 42. Asia Pacific Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Consumption by Region (K Sqm), 2021–2026
Table 43. Asia Pacific Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Consumption by Region (K Sqm), 2027–2032
Table 44. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2021 vs 2025 vs 2032 (K Sqm)
Table 45. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Consumption by Country (K Sqm), 2021–2026
Table 46. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Consumption by Country (K Sqm), 2027–2032
Table 47. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production (K Sqm) by Type (2021–2026)
Table 48. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production (K Sqm) by Type (2027–2032)
Table 49. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production Market Share by Type (2021–2026)
Table 50. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production Market Share by Type (2027–2032)
Table 51. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production Value (US$ Million) by Type (2021–2026)
Table 52. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production Value (US$ Million) by Type (2027–2032)
Table 53. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production Value Market Share by Type (2021–2026)
Table 54. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production Value Market Share by Type (2027–2032)
Table 55. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Price (US$/Sq m) by Type (2021–2026)
Table 56. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Price (US$/Sq m) by Type (2027–2032)
Table 57. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production (K Sqm) by Application (2021–2026)
Table 58. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production (K Sqm) by Application (2027–2032)
Table 59. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production Market Share by Application (2021–2026)
Table 60. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production Market Share by Application (2027–2032)
Table 61. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production Value (US$ Million) by Application (2021–2026)
Table 62. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production Value (US$ Million) by Application (2027–2032)
Table 63. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production Value Market Share by Application (2021–2026)
Table 64. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production Value Market Share by Application (2027–2032)
Table 65. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Price (US$/Sq m) by Application (2021–2026)
Table 66. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Price (US$/Sq m) by Application (2027–2032)
Table 67. ADTO Mall Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Company Information
Table 68. ADTO Mall Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Specification and Application
Table 69. ADTO Mall Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sq m) and Gross Margin (2021–2026)
Table 70. ADTO Mall Main Business and Markets Served
Table 71. ADTO Mall Recent Developments/Updates
Table 72. WJWAluminum Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Company Information
Table 73. WJWAluminum Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Specification and Application
Table 74. WJWAluminum Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sq m) and Gross Margin (2021–2026)
Table 75. WJWAluminum Main Business and Markets Served
Table 76. WJWAluminum Recent Developments/Updates
Table 77. Strommen Group Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Company Information
Table 78. Strommen Group Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Specification and Application
Table 79. Strommen Group Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sq m) and Gross Margin (2021–2026)
Table 80. Strommen Group Main Business and Markets Served
Table 81. Strommen Group Recent Developments/Updates
Table 82. JMAAluminium Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Company Information
Table 83. JMAAluminium Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Specification and Application
Table 84. JMAAluminium Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sq m) and Gross Margin (2021–2026)
Table 85. JMAAluminium Main Business and Markets Served
Table 86. JMAAluminium Recent Developments/Updates
Table 87. Alumicor Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Company Information
Table 88. Alumicor Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Specification and Application
Table 89. Alumicor Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sq m) and Gross Margin (2021–2026)
Table 90. Alumicor Main Business and Markets Served
Table 91. Alumicor Recent Developments/Updates
Table 92. Beijing NorthTech Technologies Co., Ltd. Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Company Information
Table 93. Beijing NorthTech Technologies Co., Ltd. Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Specification and Application
Table 94. Beijing NorthTech Technologies Co., Ltd. Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sq m) and Gross Margin (2021–2026)
Table 95. Beijing NorthTech Technologies Co., Ltd. Main Business and Markets Served
Table 96. Beijing NorthTech Technologies Co., Ltd. Recent Developments/Updates
Table 97. Builtec Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Company Information
Table 98. Builtec Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Specification and Application
Table 99. Builtec Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sq m) and Gross Margin (2021–2026)
Table 100. Builtec Main Business and Markets Served
Table 101. Builtec Recent Developments/Updates
Table 102. Kawneer Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Company Information
Table 103. Kawneer Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Specification and Application
Table 104. Kawneer Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sq m) and Gross Margin (2021–2026)
Table 105. Kawneer Main Business and Markets Served
Table 106. Kawneer Recent Developments/Updates
Table 107. Shandong Imagery Aluminum Technology Co., LTD. Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Company Information
Table 108. Shandong Imagery Aluminum Technology Co., LTD. Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Specification and Application
Table 109. Shandong Imagery Aluminum Technology Co., LTD. Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sq m) and Gross Margin (2021–2026)
Table 110. Shandong Imagery Aluminum Technology Co., LTD. Main Business and Markets Served
Table 111. Shandong Imagery Aluminum Technology Co., LTD. Recent Developments/Updates
Table 112. Guang Ya Aluminium Industries Co.,Ltd Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Company Information
Table 113. Guang Ya Aluminium Industries Co.,Ltd Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Specification and Application
Table 114. Guang Ya Aluminium Industries Co.,Ltd Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sq m) and Gross Margin (2021–2026)
Table 115. Guang Ya Aluminium Industries Co.,Ltd Main Business and Markets Served
Table 116. Guang Ya Aluminium Industries Co.,Ltd Recent Developments/Updates
Table 117. Qingdao REXI Industries Co.,Ltd Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Company Information
Table 118. Qingdao REXI Industries Co.,Ltd Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Specification and Application
Table 119. Qingdao REXI Industries Co.,Ltd Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sq m) and Gross Margin (2021–2026)
Table 120. Qingdao REXI Industries Co.,Ltd Main Business and Markets Served
Table 121. Qingdao REXI Industries Co.,Ltd Recent Developments/Updates
Table 122. Broad Windows & Facade Limited Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Company Information
Table 123. Broad Windows & Facade Limited Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Specification and Application
Table 124. Broad Windows & Facade Limited Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sq m) and Gross Margin (2021–2026)
Table 125. Broad Windows & Facade Limited Main Business and Markets Served
Table 126. Broad Windows & Facade Limited Recent Developments/Updates
Table 127. XINGFA Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Company Information
Table 128. XINGFA Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Specification and Application
Table 129. XINGFA Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sq m) and Gross Margin (2021–2026)
Table 130. XINGFA Main Business and Markets Served
Table 131. XINGFA Recent Developments/Updates
Table 132. Weiye Aluminium Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Company Information
Table 133. Weiye Aluminium Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Specification and Application
Table 134. Weiye Aluminium Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sq m) and Gross Margin (2021–2026)
Table 135. Weiye Aluminium Main Business and Markets Served
Table 136. Weiye Aluminium Recent Developments/Updates
Table 137. WJW Aluminum Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Company Information
Table 138. WJW Aluminum Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Specification and Application
Table 139. WJW Aluminum Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production (K Sqm), Value (US$ Million), Price (US$/Sq m) and Gross Margin (2021–2026)
Table 140. WJW Aluminum Main Business and Markets Served
Table 141. WJW Aluminum Recent Developments/Updates
Table 142. Key Raw Materials Lists
Table 143. Raw Materials Key Suppliers Lists
Table 144. Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Distributors List
Table 145. Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Customers List
Table 146. Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Market Trends
Table 147. Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Market Drivers
Table 148. Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Market Challenges
Table 149. Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Market Restraints
Table 150. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 151. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 152. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
Table 153. Authors List of This Report
List of Figures
Figure 1. Product Picture of Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall
Figure 2. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Market Value by Type (US$ Million), 2021–2032
Figure 3. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Market Share by Type: 2025 vs 2032
Figure 4. Framed Curtain Wall Product Picture
Figure 5. Unitized Curtain Wall Product Picture
Figure 6. Point-supported Curtain Wall Product Picture
Figure 7. All-glass Curtain Wall Product Picture
Figure 8. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Market Value by Glass Type (US$ Million), 2021–2032
Figure 9. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Market Share by Glass Type: 2025 vs 2032
Figure 10. Energy-saving Glass Product Picture
Figure 11. Safety Glass Product Picture
Figure 12. Decorative/Functional Glass Product Picture
Figure 13. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Market Value by Curtain Wall Form (US$ Million), 2021–2032
Figure 14. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Market Share by Curtain Wall Form: 2025 vs 2032
Figure 15. Enclosed Curtain Wall Product Picture
Figure 16. Operating Curtain Wall Product Picture
Figure 17. Ventilated Curtain Wall Product Picture
Figure 18. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Market Value by Application (US$ Million), 2021–2032
Figure 19. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Market Share by Application: 2025 vs 2032
Figure 20. Commercial Buildings
Figure 21. Residential Buildings
Figure 22. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production Value (US$ Million), 2021 vs 2025 vs 2032
Figure 23. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production Value (US$ Million), 2021–2032
Figure 24. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production Capacity (K Sqm), 2021–2032
Figure 25. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production (K Sqm), 2021–2032
Figure 26. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Average Price (US$/Sq m), 2021–2032
Figure 27. Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Report Years Considered
Figure 28. Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production Share by Manufacturers in 2025
Figure 29. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production Value Share by Manufacturers (2025)
Figure 30. Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3): 2021 vs 2025
Figure 31. Top 5 and Top 10 Global Players: Market Share by Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Revenue in 2025
Figure 32. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production Value by Region: 2021 vs 2025 vs 2032 (US$ Million)
Figure 33. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production Value Market Share by Region: 2021 vs 2025 vs 2032
Figure 34. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production Comparison by Region: 2021 vs 2025 vs 2032 (K Sqm)
Figure 35. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production Market Share by Region: 2021 vs 2025 vs 2032
Figure 36. North America Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2021–2032)
Figure 37. Europe Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2021–2032)
Figure 38. China Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2021–2032)
Figure 39. Japan Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2021–2032)
Figure 40. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Consumption by Region: 2021 vs 2025 vs 2032 (K Sqm)
Figure 41. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Consumption Market Share by Region: 2021 vs 2025 vs 2032
Figure 42. North America Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Consumption and Growth Rate (K Sqm), 2021–2032
Figure 43. North America Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Consumption Market Share by Country (2021–2032)
Figure 44. U.S. Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Consumption and Growth Rate (K Sqm), 2021–2032
Figure 45. Canada Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Consumption and Growth Rate (K Sqm), 2021–2032
Figure 46. Europe Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Consumption and Growth Rate (K Sqm), 2021–2032
Figure 47. Europe Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Consumption Market Share by Country (2021–2032)
Figure 48. Germany Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Consumption and Growth Rate (K Sqm), 2021–2032
Figure 49. France Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Consumption and Growth Rate (K Sqm), 2021–2032
Figure 50. U.K. Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Consumption and Growth Rate (K Sqm), 2021–2032
Figure 51. Italy Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Consumption and Growth Rate (K Sqm), 2021–2032
Figure 52. Russia Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Consumption and Growth Rate (K Sqm), 2021–2032
Figure 53. Asia Pacific Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Consumption and Growth Rate (K Sqm), 2021–2032
Figure 54. Asia Pacific Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Consumption Market Share by Region (2021–2032)
Figure 55. China Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Consumption and Growth Rate (K Sqm), 2021–2032
Figure 56. Japan Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Consumption and Growth Rate (K Sqm), 2021–2032
Figure 57. South Korea Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Consumption and Growth Rate (K Sqm), 2021–2032
Figure 58. China Taiwan Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Consumption and Growth Rate (K Sqm), 2021–2032
Figure 59. Southeast Asia Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Consumption and Growth Rate (K Sqm), 2021–2032
Figure 60. India Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Consumption and Growth Rate (K Sqm), 2021–2032
Figure 61. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Consumption and Growth Rate (K Sqm), 2021–2032
Figure 62. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Consumption Market Share by Country (2021–2032)
Figure 63. Mexico Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Consumption and Growth Rate (K Sqm), 2021–2032
Figure 64. Brazil Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Consumption and Growth Rate (K Sqm), 2021–2032
Figure 65. Turkey Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Consumption and Growth Rate (K Sqm), 2021–2032
Figure 66. GCC Countries Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Consumption and Growth Rate (K Sqm), 2021–2032
Figure 67. Global Production Market Share of Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall by Type (2021–2032)
Figure 68. Global Production Value Market Share of Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall by Type (2021–2032)
Figure 69. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Price (US$/Sq m) by Type (2021–2032)
Figure 70. Global Production Market Share of Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall by Application (2021–2032)
Figure 71. Global Production Value Market Share of Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall by Application (2021–2032)
Figure 72. Global Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Price (US$/Sq m) by Application (2021–2032)
Figure 73. Aluminum Alloy Glass Curtain Wall Value Chain
Figure 74. Channels of Distribution (Direct Vs Distribution)
Figure 75. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 76. Data Triangulation