List of Tables
Table 1. Global Poly Lactic Acid Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Table 2. Major Manufacturers of Poly(L-lactic)acid
Table 3. Major Manufacturers of Poly(D-lactic)acid
Table 4. Major Manufacturers of Poly(DL-lactic)acid
Table 5. Global Poly Lactic Acid Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Table 6. Global Poly Lactic Acid Production by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (K MT)
Table 7. Global Poly Lactic Acid Production by Region (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Table 8. Global Poly Lactic Acid Production by Region (2025-2030) & (K MT)
Table 9. Global Poly Lactic Acid Production Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table 10. Global Poly Lactic Acid Production Market Share by Region (2025-2030)
Table 11. Global Poly Lactic Acid Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Table 12. Global Poly Lactic Acid Revenue by Region (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 13. Global Poly Lactic Acid Revenue by Region (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 14. Global Poly Lactic Acid Revenue Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table 15. Global Poly Lactic Acid Revenue Market Share by Region (2025-2030)
Table 16. Global Poly Lactic Acid Sales Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Table 17. Global Poly Lactic Acid Sales by Region (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Table 18. Global Poly Lactic Acid Sales by Region (2025-2030) & (K MT)
Table 19. Global Poly Lactic Acid Sales Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table 20. Global Poly Lactic Acid Sales Market Share by Region (2025-2030)
Table 21. Global Poly Lactic Acid Sales by Manufacturers (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Table 22. Global Poly Lactic Acid Sales Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
Table 23. Global Poly Lactic Acid Revenue by Manufacturers (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 24. Global Poly Lactic Acid Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
Table 25. Poly Lactic Acid Price by Manufacturers 2019-2024 (USD/MT)
Table 26. Global Key Players of Poly Lactic Acid, Industry Ranking, 2022 VS 2023 VS 2024
Table 27. Global Poly Lactic Acid Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 28. Global Poly Lactic Acid by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Poly Lactic Acid as of 2023)
Table 29. Global Key Manufacturers of Poly Lactic Acid, Manufacturing Base Distribution and Headquarters
Table 30. Global Key Manufacturers of Poly Lactic Acid, Product Offered and Application
Table 31. Global Key Manufacturers of Poly Lactic Acid, Date of Enter into This Industry
Table 32. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table 33. Global Poly Lactic Acid Sales by Type (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Table 34. Global Poly Lactic Acid Sales by Type (2025-2030) & (K MT)
Table 35. Global Poly Lactic Acid Sales Share by Type (2019-2024)
Table 36. Global Poly Lactic Acid Sales Share by Type (2025-2030)
Table 37. Global Poly Lactic Acid Revenue by Type (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 38. Global Poly Lactic Acid Revenue by Type (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 39. Global Poly Lactic Acid Revenue Share by Type (2019-2024)
Table 40. Global Poly Lactic Acid Revenue Share by Type (2025-2030)
Table 41. Poly Lactic Acid Price by Type (2019-2024) & (USD/MT)
Table 42. Global Poly Lactic Acid Price Forecast by Type (2025-2030) & (USD/MT)
Table 43. Global Poly Lactic Acid Sales by Application (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Table 44. Global Poly Lactic Acid Sales by Application (2025-2030) & (K MT)
Table 45. Global Poly Lactic Acid Sales Share by Application (2019-2024)
Table 46. Global Poly Lactic Acid Sales Share by Application (2025-2030)
Table 47. Global Poly Lactic Acid Revenue by Application (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 48. Global Poly Lactic Acid Revenue by Application (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 49. Global Poly Lactic Acid Revenue Share by Application (2019-2024)
Table 50. Global Poly Lactic Acid Revenue Share by Application (2025-2030)
Table 51. Poly Lactic Acid Price by Application (2019-2024) & (USD/MT)
Table 52. Global Poly Lactic Acid Price Forecast by Application (2025-2030) & (USD/MT)
Table 53. US & Canada Poly Lactic Acid Sales by Type (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Table 54. US & Canada Poly Lactic Acid Sales by Type (2025-2030) & (K MT)
Table 55. US & Canada Poly Lactic Acid Revenue by Type (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 56. US & Canada Poly Lactic Acid Revenue by Type (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 57. US & Canada Poly Lactic Acid Sales by Application (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Table 58. US & Canada Poly Lactic Acid Sales by Application (2025-2030) & (K MT)
Table 59. US & Canada Poly Lactic Acid Revenue by Application (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 60. US & Canada Poly Lactic Acid Revenue by Application (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 61. US & Canada Poly Lactic Acid Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Table 62. US & Canada Poly Lactic Acid Revenue by Country (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 63. US & Canada Poly Lactic Acid Revenue by Country (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 64. US & Canada Poly Lactic Acid Sales by Country (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Table 65. US & Canada Poly Lactic Acid Sales by Country (2025-2030) & (K MT)
Table 66. Europe Poly Lactic Acid Sales by Type (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Table 67. Europe Poly Lactic Acid Sales by Type (2025-2030) & (K MT)
Table 68. Europe Poly Lactic Acid Revenue by Type (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 69. Europe Poly Lactic Acid Revenue by Type (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 70. Europe Poly Lactic Acid Sales by Application (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Table 71. Europe Poly Lactic Acid Sales by Application (2025-2030) & (K MT)
Table 72. Europe Poly Lactic Acid Revenue by Application (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 73. Europe Poly Lactic Acid Revenue by Application (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 74. Europe Poly Lactic Acid Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Table 75. Europe Poly Lactic Acid Revenue by Country (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 76. Europe Poly Lactic Acid Revenue by Country (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 77. Europe Poly Lactic Acid Sales by Country (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Table 78. Europe Poly Lactic Acid Sales by Country (2025-2030) & (K MT)
Table 79. China Poly Lactic Acid Sales by Type (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Table 80. China Poly Lactic Acid Sales by Type (2025-2030) & (K MT)
Table 81. China Poly Lactic Acid Revenue by Type (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 82. China Poly Lactic Acid Revenue by Type (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 83. China Poly Lactic Acid Sales by Application (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Table 84. China Poly Lactic Acid Sales by Application (2025-2030) & (K MT)
Table 85. China Poly Lactic Acid Revenue by Application (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 86. China Poly Lactic Acid Revenue by Application (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 87. Asia Poly Lactic Acid Sales by Type (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Table 88. Asia Poly Lactic Acid Sales by Type (2025-2030) & (K MT)
Table 89. Asia Poly Lactic Acid Revenue by Type (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 90. Asia Poly Lactic Acid Revenue by Type (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 91. Asia Poly Lactic Acid Sales by Application (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Table 92. Asia Poly Lactic Acid Sales by Application (2025-2030) & (K MT)
Table 93. Asia Poly Lactic Acid Revenue by Application (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 94. Asia Poly Lactic Acid Revenue by Application (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 95. Asia Poly Lactic Acid Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Table 96. Asia Poly Lactic Acid Revenue by Region (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 97. Asia Poly Lactic Acid Revenue by Region (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 98. Asia Poly Lactic Acid Sales by Region (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Table 99. Asia Poly Lactic Acid Sales by Region (2025-2030) & (K MT)
Table 100. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Poly Lactic Acid Sales by Type (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Table 101. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Poly Lactic Acid Sales by Type (2025-2030) & (K MT)
Table 102. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Poly Lactic Acid Revenue by Type (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 103. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Poly Lactic Acid Revenue by Type (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 104. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Poly Lactic Acid Sales by Application (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Table 105. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Poly Lactic Acid Sales by Application (2025-2030) & (K MT)
Table 106. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Poly Lactic Acid Revenue by Application (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 107. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Poly Lactic Acid Revenue by Application (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 108. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Poly Lactic Acid Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Table 109. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Poly Lactic Acid Revenue by Country (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 110. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Poly Lactic Acid Revenue by Country (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 111. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Poly Lactic Acid Sales by Country (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Table 112. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Poly Lactic Acid Sales by Country (2025-2030) & (K MT)
Table 113. NatureWorks Company Information
Table 114. NatureWorks Description and Major Businesses
Table 115. NatureWorks Poly Lactic Acid Capacity Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 116. NatureWorks Poly Lactic Acid Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 117. NatureWorks Recent Development
Table 118. Synbra Technology Company Information
Table 119. Synbra Technology Description and Major Businesses
Table 120. Synbra Technology Poly Lactic Acid Capacity Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 121. Synbra Technology Poly Lactic Acid Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 122. Synbra Technology Recent Development
Table 123. Teijin Company Information
Table 124. Teijin Description and Major Businesses
Table 125. Teijin Poly Lactic Acid Capacity Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 126. Teijin Poly Lactic Acid Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 127. Teijin Recent Development
Table 128. Toray Company Information
Table 129. Toray Description and Major Businesses
Table 130. Toray Poly Lactic Acid Capacity Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 131. Toray Poly Lactic Acid Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 132. Toray Recent Development
Table 133. Futerro Company Information
Table 134. Futerro Description and Major Businesses
Table 135. Futerro Poly Lactic Acid Capacity Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 136. Futerro Poly Lactic Acid Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 137. Futerro Recent Development
Table 138. Toyobo Company Information
Table 139. Toyobo Description and Major Businesses
Table 140. Toyobo Poly Lactic Acid Capacity Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 141. Toyobo Poly Lactic Acid Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 142. Toyobo Recent Development
Table 143. Sulzer Company Information
Table 144. Sulzer Description and Major Businesses
Table 145. Sulzer Poly Lactic Acid Capacity Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 146. Sulzer Poly Lactic Acid Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 147. Sulzer Recent Development
Table 148. Uhde Inventa-Fischer Company Information
Table 149. Uhde Inventa-Fischer Description and Major Businesses
Table 150. Uhde Inventa-Fischer Poly Lactic Acid Capacity Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 151. Uhde Inventa-Fischer Poly Lactic Acid Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 152. Uhde Inventa-Fischer Recent Development
Table 153. Hisun Biomaterials Company Information
Table 154. Hisun Biomaterials Description and Major Businesses
Table 155. Hisun Biomaterials Poly Lactic Acid Capacity Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 156. Hisun Biomaterials Poly Lactic Acid Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 157. Hisun Biomaterials Recent Development
Table 158. Shanghai Tongjieliang Company Information
Table 159. Shanghai Tongjieliang Description and Major Businesses
Table 160. Shanghai Tongjieliang Poly Lactic Acid Capacity Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 161. Shanghai Tongjieliang Poly Lactic Acid Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 162. Shanghai Tongjieliang Recent Development
Table 163. Key Raw Materials Lists
Table 164. Raw Materials Key Suppliers Lists
Table 165. Poly Lactic Acid Distributors List
Table 166. Poly Lactic Acid Customers List
Table 167. Poly Lactic Acid Market Trends
Table 168. Poly Lactic Acid Market Drivers
Table 169. Poly Lactic Acid Market Challenges
Table 170. Poly Lactic Acid Market Restraints
Table 171. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 172. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 173. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
List of Figures
Figure 1. Poly Lactic Acid Product Picture
Figure 2. Global Poly Lactic Acid Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Figure 3. Global Poly Lactic Acid Market Share by Type in 2023 & 2030
Figure 4. Poly(L-lactic)acid Product Picture
Figure 5. Poly(D-lactic)acid Product Picture
Figure 6. Poly(DL-lactic)acid Product Picture
Figure 7. Global Poly Lactic Acid Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Figure 8. Global Poly Lactic Acid Market Share by Application in 2023 & 2030
Figure 9. Food & Beverage Packaging
Figure 10. Serviceware
Figure 11. Electronics & Appliances
Figure 12. Medical & Hygiene
Figure 13. Other
Figure 14. Poly Lactic Acid Report Years Considered
Figure 15. Global Poly Lactic Acid Capacity, Production and Utilization (2019-2030) & (K MT)
Figure 16. Global Poly Lactic Acid Production Market Share by Region in Percentage: 2023 Versus 2030
Figure 17. Global Poly Lactic Acid Production Market Share by Region (2019-2030)
Figure 18. Poly Lactic Acid Production Growth Rate in North America (2019-2030) & (K MT)
Figure 19. Poly Lactic Acid Production Growth Rate in Europe (2019-2030) & (K MT)
Figure 20. Poly Lactic Acid Production Growth Rate in China (2019-2030) & (K MT)
Figure 21. Poly Lactic Acid Production Growth Rate in Japan (2019-2030) & (K MT)
Figure 22. Global Poly Lactic Acid Revenue, (US$ Million), 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
Figure 23. Global Poly Lactic Acid Revenue 2019-2030 (US$ Million)
Figure 24. Global Poly Lactic Acid Revenue (CAGR) by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Figure 25. Global Poly Lactic Acid Revenue Market Share by Region in Percentage: 2023 Versus 2030
Figure 26. Global Poly Lactic Acid Revenue Market Share by Region (2019-2030)
Figure 27. Global Poly Lactic Acid Sales 2019-2030 ((K MT)
Figure 28. Global Poly Lactic Acid Sales (CAGR) by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (K MT)
Figure 29. Global Poly Lactic Acid Sales Market Share by Region (2019-2030)
Figure 30. US & Canada Poly Lactic Acid Sales YoY (2019-2030) & (K MT)
Figure 31. US & Canada Poly Lactic Acid Revenue YoY (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 32. Europe Poly Lactic Acid Sales YoY (2019-2030) & (K MT)
Figure 33. Europe Poly Lactic Acid Revenue YoY (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 34. China Poly Lactic Acid Sales YoY (2019-2030) & (K MT)
Figure 35. China Poly Lactic Acid Revenue YoY (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 36. Asia (excluding China) Poly Lactic Acid Sales YoY (2019-2030) & (K MT)
Figure 37. Asia (excluding China) Poly Lactic Acid Revenue YoY (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 38. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Poly Lactic Acid Sales YoY (2019-2030) & (K MT)
Figure 39. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Poly Lactic Acid Revenue YoY (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 40. The Poly Lactic Acid Market Share of Top 10 and Top 5 Largest Manufacturers Around the World in 2023
Figure 41. The Top 5 and 10 Largest Manufacturers of Poly Lactic Acid in the World: Market Share by Poly Lactic Acid Revenue in 2023
Figure 42. Global Poly Lactic Acid Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3): 2019 VS 2023
Figure 43. Global Poly Lactic Acid Sales Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 44. Global Poly Lactic Acid Revenue Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 45. Global Poly Lactic Acid Sales Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 46. Global Poly Lactic Acid Revenue Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 47. US & Canada Poly Lactic Acid Sales Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 48. US & Canada Poly Lactic Acid Revenue Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 49. US & Canada Poly Lactic Acid Sales Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 50. US & Canada Poly Lactic Acid Revenue Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 51. US & Canada Poly Lactic Acid Revenue Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure 52. US & Canada Poly Lactic Acid Sales Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure 53. U.S. Poly Lactic Acid Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 54. Canada Poly Lactic Acid Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 55. Europe Poly Lactic Acid Sales Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 56. Europe Poly Lactic Acid Revenue Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 57. Europe Poly Lactic Acid Sales Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 58. Europe Poly Lactic Acid Revenue Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 59. Europe Poly Lactic Acid Revenue Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure 60. Europe Poly Lactic Acid Sales Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure 61. Germany Poly Lactic Acid Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 62. France Poly Lactic Acid Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 63. U.K. Poly Lactic Acid Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 64. Italy Poly Lactic Acid Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 65. Russia Poly Lactic Acid Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 66. China Poly Lactic Acid Sales Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 67. China Poly Lactic Acid Revenue Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 68. China Poly Lactic Acid Sales Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 69. China Poly Lactic Acid Revenue Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 70. Asia Poly Lactic Acid Sales Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 71. Asia Poly Lactic Acid Revenue Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 72. Asia Poly Lactic Acid Sales Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 73. Asia Poly Lactic Acid Revenue Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 74. Asia Poly Lactic Acid Revenue Share by Region (2019-2030)
Figure 75. Asia Poly Lactic Acid Sales Share by Region (2019-2030)
Figure 76. Japan Poly Lactic Acid Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 77. South Korea Poly Lactic Acid Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 78. China Taiwan Poly Lactic Acid Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 79. Southeast Asia Poly Lactic Acid Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 80. India Poly Lactic Acid Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 81. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Poly Lactic Acid Sales Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 82. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Poly Lactic Acid Revenue Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 83. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Poly Lactic Acid Sales Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 84. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Poly Lactic Acid Revenue Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 85. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Poly Lactic Acid Revenue Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure 86. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Poly Lactic Acid Sales Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure 87. Brazil Poly Lactic Acid Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 88. Mexico Poly Lactic Acid Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 89. Turkey Poly Lactic Acid Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 90. Israel Poly Lactic Acid Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 91. GCC Countries Poly Lactic Acid Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 92. Poly Lactic Acid Value Chain
Figure 93. Poly Lactic Acid Production Process
Figure 94. Channels of Distribution
Figure 95. Distributors Profiles
Figure 96. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 97. Data Triangulation
Figure 98. Key Executives Interviewed