List of Tables
Table 1. Global Mechanical Control Valves Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Table 2. Major Manufacturers of Manual Control Valve
Table 3. Major Manufacturers of Pneumatic Control Valve
Table 4. Major Manufacturers of Hydraulic Control Valve
Table 5. Major Manufacturers of Electric Control Valve
Table 6. Global Mechanical Control Valves Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Table 7. Global Mechanical Control Valves Production by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (K Units)
Table 8. Global Mechanical Control Valves Production by Region (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 9. Global Mechanical Control Valves Production by Region (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 10. Global Mechanical Control Valves Production Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table 11. Global Mechanical Control Valves Production Market Share by Region (2025-2030)
Table 12. Global Mechanical Control Valves Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Table 13. Global Mechanical Control Valves Revenue by Region (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 14. Global Mechanical Control Valves Revenue by Region (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 15. Global Mechanical Control Valves Revenue Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table 16. Global Mechanical Control Valves Revenue Market Share by Region (2025-2030)
Table 17. Global Mechanical Control Valves Sales Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Table 18. Global Mechanical Control Valves Sales by Region (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 19. Global Mechanical Control Valves Sales by Region (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 20. Global Mechanical Control Valves Sales Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table 21. Global Mechanical Control Valves Sales Market Share by Region (2025-2030)
Table 22. Global Mechanical Control Valves Sales by Manufacturers (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 23. Global Mechanical Control Valves Sales Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
Table 24. Global Mechanical Control Valves Revenue by Manufacturers (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 25. Global Mechanical Control Valves Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
Table 26. Mechanical Control Valves Price by Manufacturers 2019-2024 (USD/Unit)
Table 27. Global Key Players of Mechanical Control Valves, Industry Ranking, 2022 VS 2023 VS 2024
Table 28. Global Mechanical Control Valves Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 29. Global Mechanical Control Valves by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Mechanical Control Valves as of 2023)
Table 30. Global Key Manufacturers of Mechanical Control Valves, Manufacturing Base Distribution and Headquarters
Table 31. Global Key Manufacturers of Mechanical Control Valves, Product Offered and Application
Table 32. Global Key Manufacturers of Mechanical Control Valves, Date of Enter into This Industry
Table 33. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table 34. Global Mechanical Control Valves Sales by Type (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 35. Global Mechanical Control Valves Sales by Type (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 36. Global Mechanical Control Valves Sales Share by Type (2019-2024)
Table 37. Global Mechanical Control Valves Sales Share by Type (2025-2030)
Table 38. Global Mechanical Control Valves Revenue by Type (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 39. Global Mechanical Control Valves Revenue by Type (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 40. Global Mechanical Control Valves Revenue Share by Type (2019-2024)
Table 41. Global Mechanical Control Valves Revenue Share by Type (2025-2030)
Table 42. Mechanical Control Valves Price by Type (2019-2024) & (USD/Unit)
Table 43. Global Mechanical Control Valves Price Forecast by Type (2025-2030) & (USD/Unit)
Table 44. Global Mechanical Control Valves Sales by Application (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 45. Global Mechanical Control Valves Sales by Application (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 46. Global Mechanical Control Valves Sales Share by Application (2019-2024)
Table 47. Global Mechanical Control Valves Sales Share by Application (2025-2030)
Table 48. Global Mechanical Control Valves Revenue by Application (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 49. Global Mechanical Control Valves Revenue by Application (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 50. Global Mechanical Control Valves Revenue Share by Application (2019-2024)
Table 51. Global Mechanical Control Valves Revenue Share by Application (2025-2030)
Table 52. Mechanical Control Valves Price by Application (2019-2024) & (USD/Unit)
Table 53. Global Mechanical Control Valves Price Forecast by Application (2025-2030) & (USD/Unit)
Table 54. US & Canada Mechanical Control Valves Sales by Type (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 55. US & Canada Mechanical Control Valves Sales by Type (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 56. US & Canada Mechanical Control Valves Revenue by Type (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 57. US & Canada Mechanical Control Valves Revenue by Type (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 58. US & Canada Mechanical Control Valves Sales by Application (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 59. US & Canada Mechanical Control Valves Sales by Application (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 60. US & Canada Mechanical Control Valves Revenue by Application (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 61. US & Canada Mechanical Control Valves Revenue by Application (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 62. US & Canada Mechanical Control Valves Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Table 63. US & Canada Mechanical Control Valves Revenue by Country (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 64. US & Canada Mechanical Control Valves Revenue by Country (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 65. US & Canada Mechanical Control Valves Sales by Country (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 66. US & Canada Mechanical Control Valves Sales by Country (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 67. Europe Mechanical Control Valves Sales by Type (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 68. Europe Mechanical Control Valves Sales by Type (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 69. Europe Mechanical Control Valves Revenue by Type (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 70. Europe Mechanical Control Valves Revenue by Type (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 71. Europe Mechanical Control Valves Sales by Application (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 72. Europe Mechanical Control Valves Sales by Application (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 73. Europe Mechanical Control Valves Revenue by Application (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 74. Europe Mechanical Control Valves Revenue by Application (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 75. Europe Mechanical Control Valves Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Table 76. Europe Mechanical Control Valves Revenue by Country (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 77. Europe Mechanical Control Valves Revenue by Country (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 78. Europe Mechanical Control Valves Sales by Country (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 79. Europe Mechanical Control Valves Sales by Country (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 80. China Mechanical Control Valves Sales by Type (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 81. China Mechanical Control Valves Sales by Type (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 82. China Mechanical Control Valves Revenue by Type (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 83. China Mechanical Control Valves Revenue by Type (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 84. China Mechanical Control Valves Sales by Application (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 85. China Mechanical Control Valves Sales by Application (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 86. China Mechanical Control Valves Revenue by Application (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 87. China Mechanical Control Valves Revenue by Application (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 88. Asia Mechanical Control Valves Sales by Type (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 89. Asia Mechanical Control Valves Sales by Type (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 90. Asia Mechanical Control Valves Revenue by Type (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 91. Asia Mechanical Control Valves Revenue by Type (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 92. Asia Mechanical Control Valves Sales by Application (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 93. Asia Mechanical Control Valves Sales by Application (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 94. Asia Mechanical Control Valves Revenue by Application (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 95. Asia Mechanical Control Valves Revenue by Application (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 96. Asia Mechanical Control Valves Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Table 97. Asia Mechanical Control Valves Revenue by Region (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 98. Asia Mechanical Control Valves Revenue by Region (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 99. Asia Mechanical Control Valves Sales by Region (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 100. Asia Mechanical Control Valves Sales by Region (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 101. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Mechanical Control Valves Sales by Type (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 102. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Mechanical Control Valves Sales by Type (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 103. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Mechanical Control Valves Revenue by Type (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 104. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Mechanical Control Valves Revenue by Type (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 105. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Mechanical Control Valves Sales by Application (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 106. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Mechanical Control Valves Sales by Application (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 107. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Mechanical Control Valves Revenue by Application (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 108. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Mechanical Control Valves Revenue by Application (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 109. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Mechanical Control Valves Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Table 110. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Mechanical Control Valves Revenue by Country (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 111. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Mechanical Control Valves Revenue by Country (2025-2030) & (US$ Million)
Table 112. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Mechanical Control Valves Sales by Country (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 113. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Mechanical Control Valves Sales by Country (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 114. Goodwin International Company Information
Table 115. Goodwin International Description and Major Businesses
Table 116. Goodwin International Mechanical Control Valves Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 117. Goodwin International Mechanical Control Valves Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 118. Goodwin International Recent Development
Table 119. Flowserve Company Information
Table 120. Flowserve Description and Major Businesses
Table 121. Flowserve Mechanical Control Valves Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 122. Flowserve Mechanical Control Valves Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 123. Flowserve Recent Development
Table 124. KITZ Company Information
Table 125. KITZ Description and Major Businesses
Table 126. KITZ Mechanical Control Valves Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 127. KITZ Mechanical Control Valves Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 128. KITZ Recent Development
Table 129. Schlumberger Company Information
Table 130. Schlumberger Description and Major Businesses
Table 131. Schlumberger Mechanical Control Valves Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 132. Schlumberger Mechanical Control Valves Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 133. Schlumberger Recent Development
Table 134. AVK Company Information
Table 135. AVK Description and Major Businesses
Table 136. AVK Mechanical Control Valves Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 137. AVK Mechanical Control Valves Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 138. AVK Recent Development
Table 139. Burkert Fluid Control Systems Company Information
Table 140. Burkert Fluid Control Systems Description and Major Businesses
Table 141. Burkert Fluid Control Systems Mechanical Control Valves Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 142. Burkert Fluid Control Systems Mechanical Control Valves Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 143. Burkert Fluid Control Systems Recent Development
Table 144. Emerson Electric Company Information
Table 145. Emerson Electric Description and Major Businesses
Table 146. Emerson Electric Mechanical Control Valves Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 147. Emerson Electric Mechanical Control Valves Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 148. Emerson Electric Recent Development
Table 149. Honeywell International Company Information
Table 150. Honeywell International Description and Major Businesses
Table 151. Honeywell International Mechanical Control Valves Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 152. Honeywell International Mechanical Control Valves Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 153. Honeywell International Recent Development
Table 154. General Electric Company Company Information
Table 155. General Electric Company Description and Major Businesses
Table 156. General Electric Company Mechanical Control Valves Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 157. General Electric Company Mechanical Control Valves Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 158. General Electric Company Recent Development
Table 159. EKK Company Information
Table 160. EKK Description and Major Businesses
Table 161. EKK Mechanical Control Valves Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 162. EKK Mechanical Control Valves Product Model Numbers, Pictures, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 163. EKK Recent Development
Table 164. Key Raw Materials Lists
Table 165. Raw Materials Key Suppliers Lists
Table 166. Mechanical Control Valves Distributors List
Table 167. Mechanical Control Valves Customers List
Table 168. Mechanical Control Valves Market Trends
Table 169. Mechanical Control Valves Market Drivers
Table 170. Mechanical Control Valves Market Challenges
Table 171. Mechanical Control Valves Market Restraints
Table 172. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 173. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 174. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
List of Figures
Figure 1. Mechanical Control Valves Product Picture
Figure 2. Global Mechanical Control Valves Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Figure 3. Global Mechanical Control Valves Market Share by Type in 2023 & 2030
Figure 4. Manual Control Valve Product Picture
Figure 5. Pneumatic Control Valve Product Picture
Figure 6. Hydraulic Control Valve Product Picture
Figure 7. Electric Control Valve Product Picture
Figure 8. Global Mechanical Control Valves Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Figure 9. Global Mechanical Control Valves Market Share by Application in 2023 & 2030
Figure 10. Power Generation
Figure 11. Oil and Gas
Figure 12. Chemical Industry
Figure 13. Food & Beverages
Figure 14. Automotive
Figure 15. Pharmaceuticals
Figure 16. Wastewater Management
Figure 17. Others
Figure 18. Mechanical Control Valves Report Years Considered
Figure 19. Global Mechanical Control Valves Capacity, Production and Utilization (2019-2030) & (K Units)
Figure 20. Global Mechanical Control Valves Production Market Share by Region in Percentage: 2023 Versus 2030
Figure 21. Global Mechanical Control Valves Production Market Share by Region (2019-2030)
Figure 22. Mechanical Control Valves Production Growth Rate in North America (2019-2030) & (K Units)
Figure 23. Mechanical Control Valves Production Growth Rate in Europe (2019-2030) & (K Units)
Figure 24. Mechanical Control Valves Production Growth Rate in China (2019-2030) & (K Units)
Figure 25. Mechanical Control Valves Production Growth Rate in Japan (2019-2030) & (K Units)
Figure 26. Global Mechanical Control Valves Revenue, (US$ Million), 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
Figure 27. Global Mechanical Control Valves Revenue 2019-2030 (US$ Million)
Figure 28. Global Mechanical Control Valves Revenue (CAGR) by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Figure 29. Global Mechanical Control Valves Revenue Market Share by Region in Percentage: 2023 Versus 2030
Figure 30. Global Mechanical Control Valves Revenue Market Share by Region (2019-2030)
Figure 31. Global Mechanical Control Valves Sales 2019-2030 ((K Units)
Figure 32. Global Mechanical Control Valves Sales (CAGR) by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (K Units)
Figure 33. Global Mechanical Control Valves Sales Market Share by Region (2019-2030)
Figure 34. US & Canada Mechanical Control Valves Sales YoY (2019-2030) & (K Units)
Figure 35. US & Canada Mechanical Control Valves Revenue YoY (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 36. Europe Mechanical Control Valves Sales YoY (2019-2030) & (K Units)
Figure 37. Europe Mechanical Control Valves Revenue YoY (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 38. China Mechanical Control Valves Sales YoY (2019-2030) & (K Units)
Figure 39. China Mechanical Control Valves Revenue YoY (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 40. Asia (excluding China) Mechanical Control Valves Sales YoY (2019-2030) & (K Units)
Figure 41. Asia (excluding China) Mechanical Control Valves Revenue YoY (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 42. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Mechanical Control Valves Sales YoY (2019-2030) & (K Units)
Figure 43. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Mechanical Control Valves Revenue YoY (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 44. The Mechanical Control Valves Market Share of Top 10 and Top 5 Largest Manufacturers Around the World in 2023
Figure 45. The Top 5 and 10 Largest Manufacturers of Mechanical Control Valves in the World: Market Share by Mechanical Control Valves Revenue in 2023
Figure 46. Global Mechanical Control Valves Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3): 2019 VS 2023
Figure 47. Global Mechanical Control Valves Sales Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 48. Global Mechanical Control Valves Revenue Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 49. Global Mechanical Control Valves Sales Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 50. Global Mechanical Control Valves Revenue Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 51. US & Canada Mechanical Control Valves Sales Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 52. US & Canada Mechanical Control Valves Revenue Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 53. US & Canada Mechanical Control Valves Sales Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 54. US & Canada Mechanical Control Valves Revenue Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 55. US & Canada Mechanical Control Valves Revenue Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure 56. US & Canada Mechanical Control Valves Sales Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure 57. U.S. Mechanical Control Valves Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 58. Canada Mechanical Control Valves Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 59. Europe Mechanical Control Valves Sales Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 60. Europe Mechanical Control Valves Revenue Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 61. Europe Mechanical Control Valves Sales Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 62. Europe Mechanical Control Valves Revenue Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 63. Europe Mechanical Control Valves Revenue Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure 64. Europe Mechanical Control Valves Sales Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure 65. Germany Mechanical Control Valves Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 66. France Mechanical Control Valves Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 67. U.K. Mechanical Control Valves Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 68. Italy Mechanical Control Valves Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 69. Russia Mechanical Control Valves Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 70. China Mechanical Control Valves Sales Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 71. China Mechanical Control Valves Revenue Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 72. China Mechanical Control Valves Sales Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 73. China Mechanical Control Valves Revenue Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 74. Asia Mechanical Control Valves Sales Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 75. Asia Mechanical Control Valves Revenue Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 76. Asia Mechanical Control Valves Sales Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 77. Asia Mechanical Control Valves Revenue Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 78. Asia Mechanical Control Valves Revenue Share by Region (2019-2030)
Figure 79. Asia Mechanical Control Valves Sales Share by Region (2019-2030)
Figure 80. Japan Mechanical Control Valves Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 81. South Korea Mechanical Control Valves Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 82. China Taiwan Mechanical Control Valves Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 83. Southeast Asia Mechanical Control Valves Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 84. India Mechanical Control Valves Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 85. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Mechanical Control Valves Sales Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 86. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Mechanical Control Valves Revenue Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 87. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Mechanical Control Valves Sales Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 88. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Mechanical Control Valves Revenue Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 89. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Mechanical Control Valves Revenue Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure 90. Middle East, Africa and Latin America Mechanical Control Valves Sales Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure 91. Brazil Mechanical Control Valves Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 92. Mexico Mechanical Control Valves Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 93. Turkey Mechanical Control Valves Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 94. Israel Mechanical Control Valves Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 95. GCC Countries Mechanical Control Valves Revenue (2019-2030) & (US$ Million)
Figure 96. Mechanical Control Valves Value Chain
Figure 97. Mechanical Control Valves Production Process
Figure 98. Channels of Distribution
Figure 99. Distributors Profiles
Figure 100. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 101. Data Triangulation
Figure 102. Key Executives Interviewed