List of Tables
Table 1. Global Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 2. Global Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 3. Global Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 4. Global Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Revenue by Region (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 5. Global Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Revenue by Region (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 6. Global Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Sales Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Table 7. Global Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Sales by Region (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 8. Global Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Sales by Region (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 9. Emerging Market Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) (US$ Million)
Table 10. Global Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Production Growth Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (K Units)
Table 11. Global Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Production by Region (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 12. Global Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Production by Region (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 13. Global Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Sales by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 14. Global Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Sales Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 15. Global Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Revenue by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 16. Global Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
Table 17. Global Key Manufacturers’Ranking Shift (2023 vs. 2024) (Based on Revenue)
Table 18. Global Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment by Manufacturer Tier (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment as of 2024)
Table 19. Global Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Average Gross Margin (%) by Manufacturer (2020 VS 2024)
Table 20. Global Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Average Selling Price (ASP) by Manufacturers (2020-2025) & (US$/Unit)
Table 21. Key Manufacturers Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Manufacturing Base and Headquarters
Table 22. Global Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 23. Key Market Entrant/Exit (2020-2024) – Drivers & Impact Analysis
Table 24. Key Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans, R&D Investment
Table 25. Global Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Sales by Type (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 26. Global Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Sales by Type (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 27. Global Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Revenue by Type (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 28. Global Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Revenue by Type (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 29. Global Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment ASP by Type (2020-2031) & (US$/Unit)
Table 30. Technical Specifications by Key Product Type
Table 31. Global Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Sales by Application (2020-2025) & (K Units)
Table 32. Global Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Sales by Application (2026-2031) & (K Units)
Table 33. Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment High-Growth Sectors Demand CAGR (2024-2031)
Table 34. Global Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Revenue by Application (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 35. Global Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Revenue by Application (2026-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 36. Global Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment ASP by Application (2020-2031) & (US$/Unit)
Table 37. Top Customers by Region
Table 38. Top Customers by Application
Table 39. North America Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Growth Accelerators and Market Barriers
Table 40. North America Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) (US$ Million)
Table 41. North America Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Sales (K Units) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
Table 42. Europe Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Growth Accelerators and Market Barriers
Table 43. Europe Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 44. Europe Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Sales (K Units) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
Table 45. Asia-Pacific Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 46. Asia-Pacific Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Sales (K Units) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
Table 47. Asia-Pacific Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Growth Accelerators and Market Barriers
Table 48. Southeast Asia Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 49. Central and South America Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Investment Opportunities and Key Challenges
Table 50. Central and South America Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) (US$ Million)
Table 51. Middle East and Africa Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Investment Opportunities and Key Challenges
Table 52. Middle East and Africa Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Revenue Grow Rate (CAGR) by Country (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) (US$ Million)
Table 53. Air Products and Chemicals Corporation Information
Table 54. Air Products and Chemicals Description and Major Businesses
Table 55. Air Products and Chemicals Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 56. Air Products and Chemicals Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 57. Air Products and Chemicals Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 58. Air Products and Chemicals Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 59. Air Products and Chemicals Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 60. Air Products and Chemicals Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment SWOT Analysis
Table 61. Air Products and Chemicals Recent Developments
Table 62. Reflect Scientific Corporation Information
Table 63. Reflect Scientific Description and Major Businesses
Table 64. Reflect Scientific Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 65. Reflect Scientific Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 66. Reflect Scientific Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 67. Reflect Scientific Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 68. Reflect Scientific Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 69. Reflect Scientific Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment SWOT Analysis
Table 70. Reflect Scientific Recent Developments
Table 71. Linde plc Corporation Information
Table 72. Linde plc Description and Major Businesses
Table 73. Linde plc Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 74. Linde plc Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 75. Linde plc Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 76. Linde plc Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 77. Linde plc Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 78. Linde plc Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment SWOT Analysis
Table 79. Linde plc Recent Developments
Table 80. Gelgoog Machinery Corporation Information
Table 81. Gelgoog Machinery Description and Major Businesses
Table 82. Gelgoog Machinery Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 83. Gelgoog Machinery Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 84. Gelgoog Machinery Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 85. Gelgoog Machinery Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 86. Gelgoog Machinery Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 87. Gelgoog Machinery Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment SWOT Analysis
Table 88. Gelgoog Machinery Recent Developments
Table 89. BioLife Solutions Corporation Information
Table 90. BioLife Solutions Description and Major Businesses
Table 91. BioLife Solutions Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 92. BioLife Solutions Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 93. BioLife Solutions Sales Value Proportion by Product in 2024
Table 94. BioLife Solutions Sales Value Proportion by Application in 2024
Table 95. BioLife Solutions Sales Value Proportion by Geographic Area in 2024
Table 96. BioLife Solutions Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment SWOT Analysis
Table 97. BioLife Solutions Recent Developments
Table 98. Messer Corporation Information
Table 99. Messer Description and Major Businesses
Table 100. Messer Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 101. Messer Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 102. Messer Recent Developments
Table 103. SERAP Corporation Information
Table 104. SERAP Description and Major Businesses
Table 105. SERAP Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 106. SERAP Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 107. SERAP Recent Developments
Table 108. Guangzhou Speed Refrigeration Equipment Corporation Information
Table 109. Guangzhou Speed Refrigeration Equipment Description and Major Businesses
Table 110. Guangzhou Speed Refrigeration Equipment Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 111. Guangzhou Speed Refrigeration Equipment Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 112. Guangzhou Speed Refrigeration Equipment Recent Developments
Table 113. Shenzhen Dejieli Refrigeration Technology Corporation Information
Table 114. Shenzhen Dejieli Refrigeration Technology Description and Major Businesses
Table 115. Shenzhen Dejieli Refrigeration Technology Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 116. Shenzhen Dejieli Refrigeration Technology Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 117. Shenzhen Dejieli Refrigeration Technology Recent Developments
Table 118. Chengdu Zhuoda Express Cryogenic Equipment Corporation Information
Table 119. Chengdu Zhuoda Express Cryogenic Equipment Description and Major Businesses
Table 120. Chengdu Zhuoda Express Cryogenic Equipment Product Models, Descriptions and Specifications
Table 121. Chengdu Zhuoda Express Cryogenic Equipment Capacity, Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
Table 122. Chengdu Zhuoda Express Cryogenic Equipment Recent Developments
Table 123. Key Raw Materials Distribution
Table 124. Raw Materials Key Suppliers
Table 125. Critical Raw Material Supplier Concentration (2024) & Risk Index
Table 126. Milestones in Production Technology Evolution
Table 127. Distributors List
Table 128. Market Trends and Market Evolution
Table 129. Market Drivers and Opportunities
Table 130. Market Challenges, Risks, and Restraints
Table 131. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 132. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 133. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
List of Figures
Figure 1. Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Product Picture
Figure 2. Global Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 3. Immersion-Spiral Freezer Product Picture
Figure 4. Modular Tunnel Freezer Product Picture
Figure 5. Impingement Freezer Product Picture
Figure 6. Cabinet Freezer Product Picture
Figure 7. Others Product Picture
Figure 8. Global Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 9. Frozen Meat
Figure 10. Frozen Seafood
Figure 11. Prepared Food Freezing
Figure 12. Frozen Fruits and Vegetables
Figure 13. Others
Figure 14. Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Report Years Considered
Figure 15. Global Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Revenue, (US$ Million), 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 16. Global Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 17. Global Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Revenue (CAGR) by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 18. Global Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Revenue Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 19. Global Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Sales (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 20. Global Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Sales (CAGR) by Region (2020-2031) (K Units)
Figure 21. Global Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Sales Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 22. Global Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Capacity, Production and Utilization (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 23. Global Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Production Trend by Region (2020-2031) (K Units)
Figure 24. Global Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Production Market Share by Region (2020-2031)
Figure 25. Production Capacity Enablers & Constraints
Figure 26. Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Production Growth Rate in North America (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 27. Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Production Growth Rate in Europe (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 28. Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Production Growth Rate in China (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 29. Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Production Growth Rate in Japan (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 30. Top 5 and Top 10 Manufacturers Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Sales Volume Market Share in 2024
Figure 31. Global Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Revenue Market Share Ranking (2024)
Figure 32. Tier Distribution by Revenue Contribution (2020 VS 2024)
Figure 33. Immersion-Spiral Freezer Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 34. Modular Tunnel Freezer Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 35. Impingement Freezer Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 36. Cabinet Freezer Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 37. Others Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 38. Type Eight Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 39. Type Nine Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2024
Figure 40. Global Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Sales Market Share by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 41. Global Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Revenue Market Share by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 42. Global Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Sales Market Share by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 43. Global Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Revenue Market Share by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 44. North America Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 45. North America Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 46. North America Top 5 Manufacturers Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 47. North America Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Sales Volume (K Units) by Type (2020- 2031)
Figure 48. North America Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020 - 2031)
Figure 49. North America Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Sales Volume (K Units) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 50. North America Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 51. US Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 52. Canada Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 53. Mexico Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 54. Europe Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 55. Europe Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 56. Europe Top 5 Manufacturers Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 57. Europe Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Sales Volume (K Units) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 58. Europe Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 59. Europe Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Sales Volume (K Units) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 60. Europe Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 61. Germany Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 62. France Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 63. U.K. Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 64. Italy Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 65. Russia Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 66. Asia-Pacific Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 67. Asia-Pacific Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 68. Asia-Pacific Top 8 Manufacturers Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 69. Asia-Pacific Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Sales Volume (K Units) by Type (2020- 2031)
Figure 70. Asia-Pacific Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020- 2031)
Figure 71. Asia-Pacific Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Sales Volume (K Units) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 72. Asia-Pacific Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 73. Indonesia Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 74. Japan Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 75. South Korea Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 76. China Taiwan Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 77. India Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Revenue (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 78. Central and South America Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 79. Central and South America Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 80. Central and South America Top 5 Manufacturers Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 81. Central and South America Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Sales Volume (K Units) by Type (2021-2031)
Figure 82. Central and South America Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 83. Central and South America Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Sales Volume (K Units) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 84. Central and South America Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 85. Brazil Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 86. Argentina Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 87. Middle East, and Africa Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Sales YoY (2020-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 88. Middle East and Africa Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Revenue YoY (2020-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 89. Middle East and Africa Top 5 Manufacturers Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Sales Revenue (US$ Million) in 2024
Figure 90. Middle East and Africa Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Sales Volume (K Units) by Type (2021-2031)
Figure 91. South America Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 92. Middle East and Africa Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Sales Volume (K Units) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 93. Middle East and Africa Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Sales Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 94. GCC Countries Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 95. Turkey Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 96. Egypt Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 97. South Africa Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Revenue (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)
Figure 98. Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Industry Chain Mapping
Figure 99. Regional Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Manufacturing Base Distribution (%)
Figure 100. Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Production Process
Figure 101. Regional Ultra Low Temperature Blast Freezer Equipment Production Cost Structure
Figure 102. Channels of Distribution (Direct Vs Distribution)
Figure 103. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 104. Data Triangulation
Figure 105. Key Executives Interviewed